Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method and a device for preparing bone-clearing concentrated juice (paste) by using cattle bones.
The invention provides a method for preparing bone-clearing concentrated juice (paste) by using cattle bone, which comprises the following steps:
pre-degreasing: sending the crushed bone particles into a cooking and degreasing machine, and heating and stirring;
degreasing in step (2): degreasing and separating the bone particles and the bone powder which are degreased in advance in the step (1) through sedimentation and centrifugation;
step (3) extraction: delivering the degreased bone particles in the step (2) into an extraction device/high-pressure extraction pot to extract collagen in the bone particles;
step (4) enzymolysis: adding water, the collagen extracted in the step (3) and protease into a reaction tank according to a certain proportion, carrying out enzymolysis and filtering; the reaction tank is a soup enzymolysis blender;
and (5) concentrating: and (4) performing double-effect evaporation and flash evaporation sterilization on the product obtained in the step (4) to obtain concentrated juice (paste).
The invention also comprises crushing before the step (1): the fresh cattle bone in the fresh bone pool (1) is crushed into bone particles with the diameter less than 20mm by a crusher set.
The invention also comprises the steps of (6) sterilization and (7) mixing, blending and packaging after the step (5);
and (6) sterilization: heating and sterilizing the concentrated juice (paste) in the step (5) by using a T-shaped sterilizer;
step (7), mixing, blending and packaging: and (4) seasoning the concentrated juice (paste) sterilized in the step (6) and packaging.
In the step (1), the heating temperature is 85 +/-5 ℃; preferably, it is 85 ℃.
In the step (1), the heating time is 2-3 minutes; preferably, it is 2.5 minutes.
In the step (1), steam is added into the degreasing machine through a nozzle during pre-degreasing.
The purpose of adding steam is to heat the bone particles to fully dissolve the grease into water, so that the grease adhesion on the bone particles is reduced as much as possible.
In the step (1), the rotating speed of stirring is 66 r/min.
In the step (2), the specific step of sedimentation is that the liquid obtained after the liquid suspension is separated by the horizontal spiral centrifuge enters a buffer tank for natural sedimentation, the supernatant enters the disc-type sedimentation centrifuge, the middle water enters the degreasing machine for recycling through the circulation of a pipeline pump, and the sediment at the bottom produces protein.
In the step (2), the rotation speed of the centrifugation is 3600 revolutions per minute.
In the step (2), the centrifugation time is 0.5-1 minute; preferably, it is 1 minute.
In the step (2), the standard of degreasing completion is that the water content in the degreased bone particles is below 35%, and the oil content in the bone particles is below 2%.
In the step (3), the extraction refers to that the bone particles degreased in the step (2) are sent into high-pressure extraction pots, 6 extraction pots are connected in series, 0.4MPa steam is injected into the first extraction pot, steam is discharged from the upper steam inlet part and the lower steam outlet part, a gas source discharged from the lower part of the first extraction pot is used as a heat source for the second extraction pot, and the process is repeated until the last extraction pot is recovered as a product outlet, and during the period, steam can be supplemented when the steam pressure of each extraction pot is insufficient, so that the steam pressure requirement of each extraction pot is ensured.
In the step (3), the number of the high-pressure extraction pots is 6.
In the step (3), the steam pressure in the high-pressure extraction pot is 0.4 MPa.
In the step (3), the extraction temperature is 85 +/-5 ℃; preferably, it is 85 ℃.
In the step (3), the extraction time is 3 minutes.
In the step (3), the extracted product refers to collagen in bone particles.
In the step (4), the ratio of water, collagen and protease in the enzymolysis process is 2.4:1: 0.005.
In the step (4), the temperature of enzymolysis is 50-55 ℃; preferably, it is 55 ℃.
In the step (4), the pH value of the enzymolysis is 7.0.
In the step (4), the enzymolysis time is 6 hours.
In the step (4), after the enzymolysis is finished, heating to 75 ℃ for 15 minutes, then cooling to 37 ℃ for 3 hours, and then filtering.
In the step (5), the steam pressure in the double-effect evaporator is 0.12MPa, and the vacuum degree is-0.05 MPa;
in the step (5), the evaporation temperature in the double-effect evaporator is 80 ℃.
In the step (5), the concentration of the obtained beef bone soup is 12-18%; preferably, it is 18%.
In the step (5), the temperature during the flash evaporation is 80 ℃.
In the step (5), the pressure during the flash evaporation is 0.08 MPa.
In the step (5), the vacuum degree during flash evaporation is-0.05 MPa.
In the step (5), the concentration of the flash-evaporated beef bone soup is 40-50%.
In the step (6), the temperature for sterilization is 142 ℃.
In the step (6), the time for sterilization is 4S.
In the step (7), the added seasonings comprise grease and beef bone paste; the ratio of the grease, the beef bone paste and the concentrated juice/paste is 1:0.5: 1.
In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:
step 1, crushing: processing fresh ox stick bones into bone blocks with the diameter of less than 70mm by a first crusher (or pre-crushing), crushing the bone blocks into large bone particles with the diameter of less than 40mm by a second crusher, and finally crushing the bone particles into bone particles with the diameter of less than 20mm by a third crusher; and conveying the crushed bone particles to a cooking and degreasing device through a screw conveyor.
Step 2, pre-degreasing: sending the crushed bone particles into a degreasing machine with the temperature of 85 +/-5 ℃, continuously adding steam into the degreasing machine through a nozzle, controlling the temperature of a material mixed solution in the degreasing machine to be always at the temperature, continuously rolling and conveying through the degreasing machine, fully stirring to enable all materials to be uniformly heated, continuously extruding and rubbing to enable the grease to be fully dissolved in water, and reducing the adhesion of the grease on the bone particles;
step 3, degreasing: separating solid and liquid suspension from bone particles and bone powder with diameter larger than 1mm by filtration separation with a push-type centrifuge, wherein the water content of the separated solid is below 35%; settling and separating the suspension by a horizontal spiral centrifuge, separating solid matters from an oil-water mixture, mixing the solid matters with bone particles and drying, wherein the water content of the solid matters is not more than 40%; the solid content in the oil-water mixture is not more than 2% by volume, the supernatant enters a disc-type sedimentation centrifuge after sedimentation in a storage tank, the middle water enters a degreasing machine for recycling through a pipeline pump, and the sediment at the bottom produces protein. After the supernatant fluid passing through the disc-type sedimentation centrifuge is centrifugally separated, the supernatant fluid is divided into three parts: a part of light-phase bone oil with oil content of more than 98 percent; the second part is water of the middle phase, and is sent into a degreasing machine for recycling through a pipeline pump; the third part is the slag discharge water, and after being collected, the protein is produced;
step 4, extraction: the bone blocks after degreasing are respectively conveyed into high-pressure extraction pots by a dragon conveyor, the high-pressure extraction pots are connected in series, 0.4MPa steam is injected into a first extraction pot, steam is discharged from the steam inlet bottom at the upper part, a gas source discharged from the bottom of the first extraction pot is used as a heat source for the second pot, and the like, until the last pot is recovered as a product outlet, steam can be supplemented when the steam pressure of each pot is insufficient, and the requirement of the steam pressure of each pot is met.
Step 5, enzymolysis: adding the calculated total water amount into a reaction tank, stirring and dissolving the calculated collagen amount, adjusting the temperature of glue solution to 50-55 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, stirring, adding protease, ensuring the temperature to be 50-55 ℃, stirring for enzymolysis for 5.5-6 hours, heating to the temperature of more than or equal to 75 ℃ when the enzymolysis is finished, keeping for 15 minutes, cooling to 37 ℃ by using cold water under the stirring condition, and filtering by using a plate frame after 2-3 hours; wherein the adding amount ratio of the added water, the collagen and the protease is 2.4:1: 0.005;
and step 6, concentrating: the thin soup sequentially enters a double-effect evaporator through a feed pump to be evaporated, the steam pressure is required to be controlled to be 0.08-0.12MPa, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to-0.05 MPa, and when the concentration of glue solution discharged from the double-effect evaporator is 12-18%, the concentration of the glue solution reaches 40-50% through flash evaporation equipment; and after the evaporation is finished, cleaning equipment and pipelines.
Step 7, sterilization: the ox bone soup is concentrated to reach the packing concentration requirement of 40-50%. Heating the beef bone soup to 140 + -2 deg.C instantly with T-shaped sterilizer, sterilizing for 4s, and sterilizing. The cattle bone soup sterilized by the T-shaped sterilizer can reach that colibacillus can not be detected, and the total number of bacteria is less than 50 per gram.
Step 8, mixing, blending and packaging: transferring the sterilized beef bone soup into a seasoning can, seasoning according to requirements, and packaging by a bag type packaging machine.
The invention also provides a device for preparing bone-clearing concentrated juice (paste) from the ox stick bone, which comprises: the fresh bone pool, the crushing unit, the screw conveyor, the cooking and degreasing machine, the vibrating screen, the extraction device, the soup enzymolysis blending machine, the double-effect evaporator, the flash evaporation sterilizer, the seasoning pot and the packaging machine;
the fresh bone pool is used for storing the beef stick bones to be crushed;
the crusher set comprises a first crusher, a second crusher and a third crusher; the crushing unit is used for crushing the beef stick bones;
the screw conveyer is used for conveying the crushed bone particles to a cooking and degreasing machine;
the cooking and degreasing machine is used for removing grease in bone particles;
the vibrating screen is used for vibrating, screening and separating bone grains and bone powder;
the extraction device is used for extracting collagen in bone particles;
the soup enzymolysis blending machine comprises an enzymolysis tank, a blending tank, a filtering device and a turnover tank; used for filtering and storing the extract in a transfer tank after enzymolysis and blending;
the double-effect evaporator comprises a feeding balance tank, a feeding pump, a preheater, a first-effect evaporator, a separator, a second-effect evaporator, a separator, a condenser, a vacuum pump, a thick soup juice extraction pump and a condensed water discharge pump; the concentration of the soup in the transferring tank is increased to 12-18 percent and the soup is sent into a flash evaporation sterilizer;
the flash evaporation sterilizer is used for further concentrating the soup conveyed by the double-effect evaporator to 40-50%, and seasoning in a seasoning can after sterilization;
the packaging machine is used for packaging the concentrated and seasoned beef bone soup.
The double-effect evaporator is also provided with a liquid inlet flow meter, a discharge liquid level automatic control device, a steam pressure regulating and stabilizing device and a temperature and pressure indicating or regulating instrument; the concentrated glue solution and the condensed water of the double-effect evaporator are continuously and automatically discharged; and according to the requirements of users, a PLC microcomputer is adopted to carry out unit program control or computer remote centralized control operation.
The beneficial effects of the invention include: the fresh bone collagen can be completely extracted by the processes of fresh bone crushing, stewing, extracting, enzymolysis, evaporation concentration, blending and the like to prepare delicious beef bone soup, and meanwhile, the yield is high, and the packaged product can be used by beef noodle shops all over the country.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Example 1
The invention provides a method for preparing bone-clearing concentrated juice (paste) by using cattle bone, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, crushing: processing fresh ox stick bones into bone blocks with the diameter of less than 70mm by a first crusher 2 (or pre-crushing), crushing the bone blocks into large bone particles with the diameter of less than 40mm by a second crusher 3, and finally crushing the bone particles into bone particles with the diameter of less than 20mm by a third crusher 4; the crushed bone particles are conveyed to a device of a cooking and degreasing machine 6 by a screw conveyor 5.
Step 2, cooking: sending the broken bone particles into a cooking and degreasing machine 6 with the temperature of 85 ℃, continuously adding steam into the cooking and degreasing machine 6 through a nozzle, controlling the temperature of material mixed liquid in the cooking and degreasing machine 6 to be at the temperature all the time, continuously rolling and conveying through the cooking and degreasing machine 6, fully stirring, enabling all materials to be heated uniformly, continuously extruding and rubbing, enabling the grease to be fully dissolved in water, and reducing the adhesion of the grease on the bone particles.
Step 3, degreasing: separating solid and liquid suspension from bone particles and bone powder with diameter larger than 1mm by centrifugal filtration separation, wherein the water content in the separated solid is below 35%; after the suspension is settled and separated by a horizontal spiral centrifuge 18, solid matters are separated from the oil-water mixture, the water content in the solid matters is not more than 40 percent, and the solid matters are mixed into bone particles for drying; the solid content in the oil-water mixture is not more than 2% by volume, the supernatant enters a disc sedimentation centrifuge 20 after sedimentation in a buffer storage tank 19, the middle water enters a cooking and degreasing machine 6 for recycling through a pipeline pump in a circulating way, and the sediment at the bottom produces protein. After the supernatant fluid passing through the disc-type sedimentation centrifuge 20 is centrifugally separated, the supernatant fluid is divided into three parts: a part of light-phase bone oil with oil content of more than 98 percent; the second part is water of middle phase, which is sent to the cooking and degreasing machine 6 for recycling through a pipeline pump; the third part is the slag discharge water, and after being collected, the protein is produced.
Step 4, extraction: the bone blocks after degreasing are respectively conveyed into high-pressure extraction pots by a dragon conveyor, the high-pressure extraction pots are connected in series, 0.4MPa steam is injected into a first extraction pot, steam is discharged from the steam inlet bottom at the upper part, a gas source discharged from the bottom of the first extraction pot is used as a heat source for the second pot, and the like, until the last pot is recovered as a product outlet, steam can be supplemented when the steam pressure of each pot is insufficient, and the requirement of the steam pressure of each pot is met.
Step 5, enzymolysis: adding the calculated total water into a reaction tank, stirring and dissolving the calculated collagen amount, adjusting the temperature of glue solution to 55 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, stirring, adding protease, ensuring the temperature to be 55 ℃, stirring and performing enzymolysis for 6 hours, heating to the temperature of more than or equal to 75 ℃ when the enzymolysis is finished, keeping for 15 minutes, cooling to 37 ℃ by using cold water under the stirring condition, and performing plate-and-frame filtration after 3 hours.
And step 6, concentrating: feeding the thin soup juice into a double-effect evaporator 13 through a feeding pump, evaporating, controlling the steam pressure to be 0.12MPa and the vacuum degree to be less than or equal to minus 0.05MPa, and when the concentration of the soup juice discharged from the double-effect evaporator 13 is 18 percent, passing through a flash evaporation sterilizer 14, and then enabling the concentration of the soup juice to reach 40 to 50 percent; after evaporation is finished, equipment and pipelines are required to be cleaned.
Step 7, sterilization: the ox bone soup is concentrated to reach the packing concentration requirement of 40-50%. The beef bone soup is heated to 142 ℃ instantly by a T-shaped sterilizer, and the sterilization is carried out for 4 seconds. The cattle bone soup sterilized by the T-shaped sterilizer can reach that colibacillus can not be detected, and the total number of bacteria is less than 50 per gram.
Step 8, mixing, blending and packaging: the sterilized beef bone soup is transferred to a seasoning pot 15, seasoned according to requirements, and packaged by a bag type packaging machine 16.
The invention also provides a device for realizing the bone-clearing concentrated juice (paste), which comprises: the fresh bone processing device comprises a fresh bone pool 1, a crushing unit, a screw conveyor 5, a cooking and degreasing machine 6, a vibrating screen 7, an extraction device 8, a soup enzymolysis and blending machine, a double-effect evaporator 13, a flash evaporation sterilizer 14, a seasoning tank 15 and a packaging machine 16;
the fresh bone pool 1 is used for storing the beef stick bones to be crushed;
the crusher set comprises a first crusher 2, a second crusher 3 and a third crusher 4; the crushing unit is used for crushing the beef stick bones;
the screw conveyor 5 is used for conveying the crushed bone particles to a cooking and degreasing machine 6;
the cooking and degreasing machine 6 is used for removing grease in bone particles;
the vibrating screen 7 is used for separating bone particles from bone powder;
the extraction device 8 is used for extracting collagen in bone particles;
the soup enzymolysis blending machine comprises an enzymolysis tank 9, a blending tank 10, a filtering device 11 and a turnover tank 12; used for filtering and storing the extract into a transfer tank 12 after enzymolysis and blending;
the double-effect evaporator 13 comprises a feeding balance tank, a feeding pump, a preheater, a first-effect evaporator, a separator, a second-effect evaporator, a separator, a condenser, a vacuum pump, a thick soup juice extraction pump and a condensed water discharge pump; used for increasing the concentration of the soup in the transferring tank 13 to 12-18 percent and sending the soup into a flash sterilizer 14;
the double-effect evaporator 14 is also provided with a liquid inlet flow meter, automatic discharge liquid level control, a steam pressure regulating and stabilizing device and a temperature and pressure indicating or regulating instrument; the concentrated glue solution and the condensed water of the double-effect evaporator 14 are continuously and automatically discharged; and according to the requirements of users, a PLC microcomputer is adopted to carry out unit program control or computer remote centralized control operation.
The flash evaporation sterilizer 14 is used for further concentrating the soup conveyed by the evaporation concentrator to 40-50%, and seasoning in a seasoning pot 15 after sterilization;
the packaging machine 16 is used for packaging the concentrated and seasoned beef bone soup.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, which is set forth in the following claims.