CN113596483B - Parameter determination method and system for coding tree unit - Google Patents
Parameter determination method and system for coding tree unit Download PDFInfo
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- H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
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- H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
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Abstract
The invention provides a parameter determining method and a system for coding tree units, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of coding tree units when coding the current video frame to be coded; dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively; respectively acquiring coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block; determining a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error; determining a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit; determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers. The invention determines the parameters of the coding tree unit based on the distortion back propagation algorithm, so that the subsequent uncoded frames do not need to be cached during coding, and the compressed memory during video coding is reduced to improve the distortion performance of the video coding rate.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of video coding, and in particular, to a method and system for determining parameters of a coding tree unit.
Background
With the development of the internet and multimedia information processing technologies, the amount of digital video data has shown an explosive growth. Video data requires a huge memory space and network transmission bandwidth compared to audio and still image signals. In order to reduce video storage and transmission costs, industry joint academia has introduced several video coding standards for the last 30 years, such as: advanced video coding h.264 (Advanced Video Coding, AVC), high efficiency video coding h.265 (High efficiency video coding, HEVC), and general video coding h.266 (Versatile Video Coding, VVC), among others. The digital video contains various information redundancies such as space, time, vision, information entropy and the like, and in order to remove the redundancies and realize efficient data compression, the current video coding standard adopts a block-based hybrid coding framework which comprises modules such as prediction, transformation, quantization, entropy coding and the like. In video coding, an input video sequence is hierarchically divided into a number of subtasks, such as: group of pictures (GOP), coded frames, and basic coding units. The basic Coding units in h.264 are Macro Blocks (MBs), and the basic Coding units in HEVC and VVC are Coding Tree Units (CTUs). In various standard video encoders, a Lagrangian multiplier-based Rate-distortion optimization (Rate-Distortion Optimization, RDO) method is used to select the best coding mode for a base coding unit to achieve optimal Rate-distortion performance.
Rate distortion theory is the theoretical basis of video coding, which gives the maximum limit to which a source can be compressed, given some distortion allowed. Accordingly, rate-distortion optimization is a very critical technique in the current hybrid video coding framework based on modules such as prediction, transformation, quantization, and entropy coding, which extends through the entire video coding system. In the test models of video coding standards h.264, HEVC and VVC, rate distortion optimization traverses all mode combinations of one basic coding unit, quantizes and entropy codes residual transform coefficients according to given quantization parameters (Quantization Parameter, QP), and then calculates rate distortion costs based on lagrangian multipliers λ, taking the mode with the smallest rate distortion cost as the current set of coding parameters. QP and λ are therefore two parameters that are very critical in the video encoding process. The current video encoder adopts the assumption that the coding units are independent, so that the rate distortion optimization method based on Lagrange multipliers is easy to realize at the coding end, but the independent optimization cannot enable the video coding to achieve the optimal rate distortion performance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a parameter determining method and a system for a coding tree unit, which determine the parameter of the coding tree unit based on a distortion back propagation algorithm, so that a subsequent uncoded frame does not need to be cached during coding, and a compressed memory during video coding is reduced to improve the distortion performance of a video coding rate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
a method of parameter determination of a coding tree unit, comprising:
determining a plurality of coding tree units when coding the current video frame to be coded;
dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively;
respectively acquiring coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block;
determining a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error;
determining a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit;
determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
Optionally, before determining the plurality of coding tree units when the current video frame to be coded is coded, the method further includes:
dividing a video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
Optionally, the plurality of pixel blocks are all 16×16 pixel blocks.
Optionally, the calculation formula of the time domain propagation factor is:
wherein k is j A time domain propagation factor for the j pixel block in the i-th coding tree unit; d (D) t 、D t-1 And D t-2 Coding distortion of the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the t-th, t-1 th and t-2 th video frames, respectively;and->The jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the tth, tth-1 and tth-2 video frames, respectivelyMotion compensated prediction error.
Optionally, the formula of the weight coefficient of the coding tree unit is:
wherein W is i The method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight coefficient of an ith coding tree unit in a current video frame to be coded; l (L) i The number of pixel blocks divided for the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded.
Optionally, the determining, according to the weight coefficient, a parameter of each coding tree unit specifically includes:
according to the weight coefficient, using the formulaDetermining the lagrangian multiplier for each coding tree unit;
according to the Lagrangian multiplier, the formula QP is utilized i ＝α·ln(λ i ) +β, determining quantization parameters for each coding tree unit;
wherein lambda is i Is the lagrangian multiplier for the i-th coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded,for the weight coefficient of the ith coding tree unit in the adjusted current video frame to be coded,/I>M is the number of coding tree units in the current video frame to be coded; lambda (lambda) P A frame-level Lagrangian multiplier set in the encoder; QP (QP) i And (3) for the quantization parameter of the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded, wherein alpha and beta are fitting constants.
Optionally, after determining the parameter of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficient, the method further includes:
and encoding each encoding tree unit in the current video frame to be encoded according to the quantization parameter and the Lagrangian multiplier.
A parameter determination system for an encoding tree unit, comprising:
the coding tree unit determining module is used for determining a plurality of coding tree units when the current video frame to be coded is coded;
the pixel block dividing module is used for dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively;
the data acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block;
the time domain propagation factor determining module is used for determining the time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error;
the weight coefficient determining module is used for determining the weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit;
the parameter determining module is used for determining the parameter of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficient; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
Optionally, the system further includes:
the video frame dividing module to be encoded is used for dividing the video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and the current video frame to be encoded determining module is used for determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
Optionally, the plurality of pixel blocks are all 16×16 pixel blocks.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a parameter determining method and a system for coding tree units, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of coding tree units when coding the current video frame to be coded; dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively; respectively acquiring coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block; determining a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error; determining a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit; determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers. The invention determines the parameters of the coding tree unit based on the distortion back propagation algorithm, so that the subsequent uncoded frames do not need to be cached during coding, and the compressed memory during video coding is reduced to improve the distortion performance of the video coding rate.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining parameters of a coding tree unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing rate distortion curves of a test sequence Basketball Drill under an LDB and LDP encoder configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing a comparison of a rate distortion curve of a test sequence Basketballoon Drill in an LDB encoder configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 (b) is a graph showing a comparison of a rate distortion curve of a test sequence Basketballoon Drill in an LDP encoder configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing rate distortion curves of a test sequence FourPeopen under the configuration of LDB and LDP encoders in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the comparison of the rate distortion curves of the test sequence FourPeole in the LDB encoder configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 (b) is a graph showing the comparison of the rate distortion curves of the test sequence FourPeole in the LDP encoder configuration in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parameter determination system of a coding tree unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide a parameter determining method and a system for a coding tree unit, which determine the parameter of the coding tree unit based on a distortion back propagation algorithm, so that a subsequent uncoded frame does not need to be cached during coding, and a compressed memory during video coding is reduced to improve the distortion performance of a video coding rate.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining parameters of a coding tree unit according to an embodiment of the present invention; as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for determining parameters of a coding tree unit, including:
step 101: determining a plurality of coding tree units when coding the current video frame to be coded;
step 102: dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively;
step 103: respectively acquiring coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block;
step 104: determining a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error;
step 105: determining a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit;
step 106: determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
Prior to step 101, further comprising:
dividing a video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
Wherein the plurality of pixel blocks are each 16x16 pixel blocks.
The calculation formula of the time domain propagation factor is as follows:
wherein k is j A time domain propagation factor for the j pixel block in the i-th coding tree unit; d (D) t 、D t-1 And D t-2 Coding distortion of the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the t-th, t-1 th and t-2 th video frames, respectively;and->Motion compensated prediction errors for the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the tth, tth-1, and tth-2 video frames, respectively. Specifically, the t-th video frame is a video frame to be encoded; t-1 st and t-2 nd encoded video frames.
The formula of the weight coefficient of the coding tree unit is:
wherein W is i The method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight coefficient of an ith coding tree unit in a current video frame to be coded; l (L) i The number of pixel blocks divided for the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded.
Step 106, specifically includes:
according to the weight coefficient, the formula is utilizedDetermining the lagrangian multiplier for each coding tree unit;
according to Lagrangian multiplier, the formula QP is utilized i ＝α·ln(λ i ) +β, determining each coding treeQuantization parameters of the cell;
wherein lambda is i Is the lagrangian multiplier for the i-th coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded,for the weight coefficient of the ith coding tree unit in the adjusted current video frame to be coded,/I>M is the number of coding tree units in the current video frame to be coded; lambda (lambda) P A frame-level Lagrangian multiplier set in the encoder; QP (QP) i And (3) for the quantization parameter of the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded, wherein alpha and beta are fitting constants.
After step 106, further includes:
and encoding each encoding tree unit in the current video frame to be encoded according to the quantization parameter and the Lagrangian multiplier.
Specifically, the embodiment of the invention adopts a development environment of Visual Studio 2019, and is realized based on HEVC reference software HM 16.7. The Lagrangian multiplier and quantization parameter determining method of the coding tree unit comprises the following specific implementation steps:
step1: and (3) adopting the original fixed QP setting of HEVC, and recording the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error after the precoding by only detecting three inter-frame modes of 64×64, 32×32 and 16×16 to precode the frame to be coded. The time domain propagation factor for a 16x16 pixel block in the frame to be encoded is then derived from the following formula.
Step2: the lagrangian multiplier weight coefficient of the ith CTU is calculated by the following formula.
In general, L i Equal to 16, but image right boundaryAnd the number of 16x16 pixel blocks contained in the lower boundary CTU may be less than 16.
Step3: the lagrangian multiplier weight coefficient of the i-th CTU after adjustment is recalculated by the following formula.
Then, the adaptive lagrangian multiplier and quantization parameters for encoding the i-th CTU in the current frame are determined according to the following formula.
QP i ＝α·ln(λ i )+β,i＝1,2,…,M
In this embodiment, the values of α and β are 4.2005 and 13.7122, respectively.
Step4: the Lagrangian multiplier lambda determined by the steps i And quantization parameter QP i Each coding tree unit in the current frame is coded.
The bit stream generated by encoding of the invention accords with the syntax format of HEVC standard, and the generated bit stream can be decoded by a standard HEVC decoder. Coding experiments were performed according to the HEVC universal test conditions, testing two encoder configurations, low-latency B-frames (Low Delay B frame, LDB) and low-latency P-frames (Low Delay P frame, LDP), and the test video sequences employed all 20 YUV sequences in ClassB, classC, classD, classE and ClassF suggested by the HEVC universal test conditions. The invention is compared with the code rate saving schematic diagram of the original HEVC encoder HM16.7, adopts the following steps ofDelta bit-rate, BD-rate), the BD-rate indicates the percentage of code rate savings of the test method over the reference encoder, positive values indicate rate-distortion performance loss, and negative values indicate rate-distortion performance improvement, for the same objective quality. The rate savings of the encoder using the parameter determination method of the coding tree unit of the present invention with respect to the original HEVC encoder HM16.7 when LDB coding configuration is as shown in table 1:
table 1 the encoder of the present application compares the BD-rate of the original HEVC encoder HM16.7 when in LDB encoding configuration
In the table, basketball Drill et al is the YUV sequence video name.
The rate savings of the encoder using the parameter determination method of the coding tree unit of the present invention with respect to the original HEVC encoder HM16.7 when LDP coding configuration is as shown in table 2:
table 2 the encoder of the present application compares the BD-rate of the original HEVC encoder hml6.7 when in LDP coding configuration
From tables 1-2, it can be seen that the present invention achieves average 4.4%, 4.6% and 2.5% code rate savings for Y, U and V components, respectively, in LDB encoder configuration; the invention achieves average 4.3%, 4.1% and 2.1% code rate savings for Y, U and V components, respectively, under LDP encoder configuration.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing rate distortion curves of a test sequence Basketball Drill under an LDB and LDP encoder configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 (a) is a graph showing a comparison of a rate distortion curve of a test sequence Basketballoon Drill in an LDB encoder configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 (b) is a graph showing a comparison of a rate distortion curve of a test sequence Basketballoon Drill in an LDP encoder configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a graph comparing rate distortion curves of a test sequence FourPeopen under the configuration of LDB and LDP encoders in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the comparison of the rate distortion curves of the test sequence FourPeole in the LDB encoder configuration in an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 3 (b) is a comparison graph of a rate distortion curve of a test sequence fourier in an LDP encoder configuration in an embodiment of the invention. In fig. 2-3, the abscissa bit rate is the code rate in kbps; the ordinate Y-PSNR is the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the video brightness component, and the unit is dB; as shown in fig. 2-3, the video coding quality of the method of the present invention is better than that of the original HEVC encoder HM16.7 at the same output code rate.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a parameter determination system of a coding tree unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides a parameter determining system of a coding tree unit, including:
a coding tree unit determining module 601, configured to determine a plurality of coding tree units when coding a current video frame to be coded;
a pixel block dividing module 602, configured to divide each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks;
a data acquisition module 603, configured to acquire coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block respectively;
a time domain propagation factor determining module 604, configured to determine a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block according to the coding distortion and the motion compensated prediction error by using a back propagation algorithm;
a weight coefficient determining module 605, configured to determine a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit;
a parameter determining module 606, configured to determine parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
The invention provides a parameter determining system of a coding tree unit, which further comprises:
the video frame dividing module to be encoded is used for dividing the video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and the current video frame to be encoded determining module is used for determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
Specifically, the plurality of pixel blocks are each 16×16 pixel blocks.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of determining parameters of a coding tree unit, the method comprising:
determining a plurality of coding tree units when coding the current video frame to be coded;
dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively;
respectively acquiring coding distortion and motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block;
determining a time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error; the calculation formula of the time domain propagation factor is as follows:
wherein k is j A time domain propagation factor for the j pixel block in the i-th coding tree unit; d (D) t 、D t-1 And D t-2 Coding distortion of the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the t-th, t-1 th and t-2 th video frames, respectively;and->The jth pixel in the ith coding tree unit in the tth, tth-1 and tth-2 video frames, respectivelyMotion compensated prediction error of the block;
determining a weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit; the formula of the weight coefficient of the coding tree unit is as follows:
wherein W is i The method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight coefficient of an ith coding tree unit in a current video frame to be coded; l (L) i The number of pixel blocks divided by the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded is determined;
determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficients; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
2. The method for determining parameters of a coding tree unit according to claim 1, further comprising, prior to said determining a plurality of coding tree units when encoding a current video frame to be encoded:
dividing a video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
3. The method of determining parameters of a coding tree unit according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of pixel blocks are each 16x16 pixel blocks.
4. The method for determining parameters of coding tree units according to claim 1, wherein said determining parameters of each coding tree unit according to said weight coefficients comprises:
according to the weight coefficient, using the formulaDetermining the lagrangian multiplier for each coding tree unit;
according to the Lagrangian multiplier, the formula QP is utilized i ＝α·ln(λ i ) +β, determining quantization parameters for each coding tree unit;
wherein lambda is i Is the lagrangian multiplier for the i-th coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded,for the weight coefficient of the ith coding tree unit in the adjusted current video frame to be coded,/I>M is the number of coding tree units in the current video frame to be coded; lambda (lambda) P A frame-level Lagrangian multiplier set in the encoder; QP (QP) i And (3) for the quantization parameter of the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded, wherein alpha and beta are fitting constants.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising, after said determining the parameters of each coding tree unit based on said weight coefficients:
and encoding each encoding tree unit in the current video frame to be encoded according to the quantization parameter and the Lagrangian multiplier.
6. A system for determining parameters of an encoded tree unit, the system comprising:
the coding tree unit determining module is used for determining a plurality of coding tree units when the current video frame to be coded is coded;
the pixel block dividing module is used for dividing each coding tree unit into a plurality of pixel blocks respectively;
the data acquisition module is used for respectively acquiring the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error of each pixel block;
the time domain propagation factor determining module is used for determining the time domain propagation factor of each pixel block by using a back propagation algorithm according to the coding distortion and the motion compensation prediction error; the calculation formula of the time domain propagation factor is as follows:
wherein k is j A time domain propagation factor for the j pixel block in the i-th coding tree unit; d (D) t 、D t-1 And D t-2 Coding distortion of the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the t-th, t-1 th and t-2 th video frames, respectively;and->Motion compensated prediction error for the jth pixel block in the ith coding tree unit in the t-th, t-1 th and t-2 th video frames, respectively;
the weight coefficient determining module is used for determining the weight coefficient of each coding tree unit according to the time domain propagation factor and the number of pixel blocks divided by each coding tree unit; the formula of the weight coefficient of the coding tree unit is as follows:
wherein W is i The method comprises the steps of obtaining a weight coefficient of an ith coding tree unit in a current video frame to be coded; l (L) i The number of pixel blocks divided by the ith coding tree unit in the current video frame to be coded is determined;
the parameter determining module is used for determining the parameter of each coding tree unit according to the weight coefficient; the parameters of the coding tree unit include quantization parameters and lagrangian multipliers.
7. The parameter determination system of a coding tree unit of claim 6, wherein the system further comprises:
the video frame dividing module to be encoded is used for dividing the video to be encoded into a plurality of video frames to be encoded;
and the current video frame to be encoded determining module is used for determining any video frame to be encoded as the current video frame to be encoded.
8. The system for determining parameters of a coding tree unit according to claim 6, wherein a plurality of said pixel blocks are each 16x16 pixel blocks.
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