CN113595505B - An anti-jamming X-band voltage-controlled oscillator - Google Patents
An anti-jamming X-band voltage-controlled oscillator Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
- H03B5/08—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance
- H03B5/12—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising lumped inductance and capacitance active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
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- H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
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Abstract
一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器，利用构建的增加电路，从电路结构上的提高了X波段压控振荡器的抗干扰能力，进行压控振荡器电路改造，通过改造电路抑制了低频信号传导到变容二极管，使低频信号无法被调制到振荡器的工作频率上，不会被正反馈放大器放大；并且由于增加电路的阻抗在振荡频率为低阻，不引入额外的电路损耗，保证振荡器的功能性能不受影响；并且保证了振荡器的敏感参数相位噪声不受影响，从而从根本上提高了压控振荡器的抗干扰能力，提高整个频率源系统以及通信系统的稳定性。
An anti-interference X-band voltage-controlled oscillator, using the added circuit constructed, improves the anti-interference ability of the X-band voltage-controlled oscillator from the circuit structure, carries out the circuit modification of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and suppresses low-frequency signals through the modified circuit Conducted to the varactor diode, so that the low-frequency signal cannot be modulated to the operating frequency of the oscillator, and will not be amplified by the positive feedback amplifier; and because the impedance of the increased circuit is low at the oscillation frequency, no additional circuit loss is introduced to ensure oscillation The functional performance of the oscillator is not affected; and it ensures that the sensitive parameter phase noise of the oscillator is not affected, thereby fundamentally improving the anti-interference ability of the voltage-controlled oscillator and improving the stability of the entire frequency source system and communication system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器，属于振荡器电路设计领域。The invention relates to an anti-interference X-band voltage-controlled oscillator, which belongs to the field of oscillator circuit design.
背景技术Background technique
从反馈的角度来讲，压控振荡器可分为两部分组成，一部分为具有选频功能的谐振网络，由变容二极管及LC元件构成，另一部分为正反馈的放大器，即负阻，由三极管及LC元件构成。压控振荡器加电后，谐振网络选定特定的频率的信号选出送入正反馈放大器；该信号被正反馈，循环放大，直至放大器放大量与谐振网络的衰减量相同，信号稳定。压控振荡器从无到有产生了特定频率的信号，因此压控振荡器也可看做是对该频率信号增益很大的放大器，这就是为什么压控振荡器抗干扰能力较差的原因。From the perspective of feedback, the voltage controlled oscillator can be divided into two parts, one part is a resonant network with frequency selection function, which is composed of varactor diodes and LC components, and the other part is a positive feedback amplifier, that is, negative resistance. Transistor and LC components. After the voltage-controlled oscillator is powered on, the signal of a specific frequency selected by the resonant network is selected and sent to the positive feedback amplifier; the signal is positively fed back and cyclically amplified until the amplification of the amplifier is the same as the attenuation of the resonant network, and the signal is stable. The voltage-controlled oscillator generates a signal of a specific frequency from scratch, so the voltage-controlled oscillator can also be regarded as an amplifier with a large gain for the frequency signal, which is why the voltage-controlled oscillator has poor anti-interference ability.
在频率源系统的抗干扰，抗电磁兼容设计中，往往是采取压控振荡器整体物理上远离干扰源，即数字处理、开关电源等部分，或整个射频部分同干扰源部分单点共地等方式，防止压控振荡器被干扰，很少有人就压控振荡器电路本身去改造，从而提高其抗干扰能力的，未查询到相关专利。现在随着产品的集成度越来越高，尽管采取了物理上相对远离、单点共地等措施，压控振荡器还是会被干扰，从而影响频率源系统以及整个通信系统的稳定性，因此改造压控振荡器电路本身去提高其抗干扰能力的工作变得紧迫和必要。In the anti-interference and anti-electromagnetic compatibility design of the frequency source system, it is often adopted that the voltage-controlled oscillator is physically far away from the interference source as a whole, that is, the digital processing, switching power supply and other parts, or the entire radio frequency part is shared with the interference source part at a single point, etc. The method prevents the voltage-controlled oscillator from being disturbed. Few people modify the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit itself to improve its anti-interference ability, and no relevant patents have been found. Now as the integration of products is getting higher and higher, even though measures such as physical distance and single-point common ground are taken, the voltage-controlled oscillator will still be disturbed, which will affect the stability of the frequency source system and the entire communication system. Therefore, It is urgent and necessary to transform the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit itself to improve its anti-interference ability.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明解决的技术问题是：针对目前现有技术中，传统压控振荡器难以通过远离干扰源、单点共地等方法避免干扰的问题，提出了一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器。The technical problem solved by the invention is: Aiming at the problems in the current prior art that traditional voltage-controlled oscillators are difficult to avoid interference by keeping away from interference sources and sharing a single point, an anti-interference X-band voltage-controlled oscillator is proposed.
本发明解决上述技术问题是通过如下技术方案予以实现的：The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above and is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器，包括振荡三极管U1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、扼流电感L1、扼流电感L2、扼流电感L5、滤波电容C1、滤波电容C2、电容C5、反馈电容C6、电容C7、输出耦合电容C3、耦合电容C4、变容二极管D1、电感L3、电感L4、电容C8，其中：An anti-interference X-band voltage-controlled oscillator, comprising an oscillation transistor U1, a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a choke inductor L1, a choke inductor L2, a choke inductor L5, a filter capacitor C1, Filter capacitor C2, capacitor C5, feedback capacitor C6, capacitor C7, output coupling capacitor C3, coupling capacitor C4, varactor diode D1, inductor L3, inductor L4, capacitor C8, where:
电阻R1一端与电源端连接，另一端与电阻R3一端、扼流电感L1一端连接，滤波电容C2设置于电阻R3与地之间，电阻R3另一端分别与电阻R2一端、扼流电感L2一端连接，滤波电容C1设置于扼流电感L2与地之间，电阻R2另一端接地；One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply terminal, the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and one end of the choke inductor L1, the filter capacitor C2 is set between the resistor R3 and the ground, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the choke inductor L2 , the filter capacitor C1 is set between the choke inductance L2 and the ground, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
扼流电感L2另一端与振荡三极管U1基极、反馈电容C6一端连接，振荡三极管U1集电极与扼流电感L1另一端相连，输出耦合电容C3设置于输出端与振荡三极管U1集电极间，振荡三极管U1发射极分别与反馈电容C6另一端，扼流电感L5一端相连；The other end of the choke inductor L2 is connected to the base of the oscillating transistor U1 and one end of the feedback capacitor C6, the collector of the oscillating transistor U1 is connected to the other end of the choke inductor L1, the output coupling capacitor C3 is set between the output end and the collector of the oscillating transistor U1, and the oscillation The emitter of the triode U1 is respectively connected to the other end of the feedback capacitor C6 and one end of the choke inductance L5;
反馈电容C6另一端与耦合电容C4一端相连，耦合电容C4另一端分别与电感L3一端、电感L4一端连接，电感L3另一端与变容二极管D1正极相连，变容二极管D1负极分别与外部电调端、电容C5一端相连，电容C5另一端接地；The other end of the feedback capacitor C6 is connected to one end of the coupling capacitor C4. The other end of the coupling capacitor C4 is connected to one end of the inductor L3 and one end of the inductor L4 respectively. terminal, one end of capacitor C5 is connected, and the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded;
扼流电感L5另一端分别与电容C7一端、电阻R4一端相连，电容C7另一端、电阻R4另一端均接地；The other end of the choke inductor L5 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the resistor R4, and the other end of the capacitor C7 and the other end of the resistor R4 are grounded;
电感L4另一端与电容C8一端、电阻R5一端连接，电容C8另一端、电阻R5另一端均接地。The other end of the inductor L4 is connected to one end of the capacitor C8 and one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the capacitor C8 and the other end of the resistor R5 are grounded.
所述电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4为振荡三极管U1提供直流偏置，电容C7为振荡三极管U1提供交流通路并影响输出频率，耦合电容C4影响振荡三极管U1的输出频率，电感L4为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置。The resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, and resistor R4 provide a DC bias for the oscillating transistor U1, the capacitor C7 provides an AC path for the oscillating transistor U1 and affects the output frequency, the coupling capacitor C4 affects the output frequency of the oscillating transistor U1, and the inductance L4 is Varactor D1 provides DC bias.
所述反馈电容C6为发射极和基极间的电容，于一定条件下可由振荡三极管寄生电容代替。The feedback capacitor C6 is the capacitor between the emitter and the base, which can be replaced by the parasitic capacitor of the oscillator triode under certain conditions.
所述电阻R5为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置，电容C8用于提供交流通路，并与电阻R5对低频干扰信号进行阻抗以提高抗干扰能力。The resistor R5 provides a DC bias for the varactor diode D1, and the capacitor C8 is used to provide an AC path, and resists low-frequency interference signals with the resistor R5 to improve the anti-interference ability.
所述低频干扰信号由地端沿电阻R5、电容C8组成的增加电路进行传导。The low-frequency interference signal is conducted by an increasing circuit composed of a resistor R5 and a capacitor C8 at the ground terminal.
所述电阻R5、电容C8组成的增加电路的网络阻抗Zn计算方法为：The calculation method of the network impedance Zn of the increasing circuit formed by the resistance R5 and the capacitance C8 is:
式中ω＝2*π*f，f为工作频率。Where ω=2*π*f, f is the working frequency.
所述电阻R5、电容C8组成的增加电路的网络阻抗Zn计算方法为:The network impedance Zn calculation method of the increasing circuit that described resistance R5, electric capacity C8 forms is:
式中，ω＝2*π*f，f为工作频率，Zn在低频杂散频率为高阻状态，Zn在振荡频率为低阻状态，无额外的电路损耗。In the formula, ω=2*π*f, f is the working frequency, Zn is in the high-impedance state at the low-frequency spurious frequency, and Zn is in the low-impedance state at the oscillation frequency, without additional circuit loss.
所述的电容C8的取值C需满足 The value C of the capacitor C8 needs to satisfy
式中，f1为低频的杂散频率，f2为高频的振荡器频率。In the formula, f 1 is the spurious frequency of low frequency, and f 2 is the oscillator frequency of high frequency.
所述电阻R5取值不小于1kΩ，且 The value of the resistor R5 is not less than 1kΩ, and
式中，f为工作频率，C为电容C8的容值。In the formula, f is the operating frequency, and C is the capacitance of the capacitor C8.
所述电容C8的品质因数Q值根据C4与C6的品质因数Q值确定。The quality factor Q value of the capacitor C8 is determined according to the quality factor Q values of C4 and C6.
本发明与现有技术相比的优点在于：The advantage of the present invention compared with prior art is:
本发明提供的一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器，通过改造电路抑制了低频信号传导到变容二极管，使低频信号无法被调制到振荡器的工作频率上，不会被正反馈放大器放大，从而从根本上提高了压控振荡器的抗干扰能力，同时保证了振荡器的敏感参数相位噪声不受影响，提高整个频率源系统以及通信系统的稳定性，同时整体电路设计便于整个频率源系统集成化，实现了小型化设计。An anti-jamming X-band voltage-controlled oscillator provided by the present invention inhibits low-frequency signals from being transmitted to varactor diodes by modifying the circuit, so that low-frequency signals cannot be modulated to the operating frequency of the oscillator and will not be amplified by positive feedback amplifiers. Therefore, the anti-interference ability of the voltage-controlled oscillator is fundamentally improved, and at the same time, the sensitive parameter phase noise of the oscillator is not affected, and the stability of the entire frequency source system and communication system is improved. At the same time, the overall circuit design is convenient for the entire frequency source system. Integration enables miniaturization design.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为发明提供的典型X波段压控振荡器电路原理图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of a typical X-band voltage-controlled oscillator circuit provided by the invention;
图2为发明提供的改造后抗干扰X波段压控振荡器电路原理图；Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the anti-jamming X-band voltage-controlled oscillator circuit after the transformation provided by the invention;
图3为发明提供的抗干扰改造前后对干扰信号的响应结果对比示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the comparison of the response results to the interference signal before and after the anti-interference transformation provided by the invention;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
一种抗干扰X波段压控振荡器，利用构建的增加电路，从电路结构上的提高了X波段压控振荡器的抗干扰能力，进行压控振荡器电路改造，压控振荡器电路具体结构如下：An anti-jamming X-band voltage-controlled oscillator, using the added circuit constructed, improves the anti-jamming ability of the X-band voltage-controlled oscillator from the circuit structure, and carries out the transformation of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit. The specific structure of the voltage-controlled oscillator circuit as follows:
包括振荡三极管U1、电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4、电阻R5、扼流电感L1、扼流电感L2、扼流电感L5、滤波电容C1、滤波电容C2、电容C5、反馈电容C6、电容C7、输出耦合电容C3、耦合电容C4、变容二极管D1、电感L3、电感L4、电容C8，其中：Including oscillator transistor U1, resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, resistor R4, resistor R5, choke inductor L1, choke inductor L2, choke inductor L5, filter capacitor C1, filter capacitor C2, capacitor C5, feedback capacitor C6, Capacitor C7, output coupling capacitor C3, coupling capacitor C4, varactor diode D1, inductor L3, inductor L4, capacitor C8, where:
电阻R1一端与电源端连接，另一端与电阻R3一端、扼流电感L1一端连接，滤波电容C2设置于电阻R3与地之间，电阻R3另一端分别与电阻R2一端、扼流电感L2一端连接，滤波电容C1设置于扼流电感L2与地之间，电阻R2另一端接地；One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply terminal, the other end is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and one end of the choke inductor L1, the filter capacitor C2 is set between the resistor R3 and the ground, and the other end of the resistor R3 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R2 and one end of the choke inductor L2 , the filter capacitor C1 is set between the choke inductance L2 and the ground, and the other end of the resistor R2 is grounded;
扼流电感L2另一端与振荡三极管U1基极、反馈电容C6一端连接，振荡三极管U1集电极与扼流电感L1另一端相连，输出耦合电容C3设置于输出端与振荡三极管U1集电极间，振荡三极管U1发射极分别与反馈电容C6另一端，扼流电感L5一端相连；The other end of the choke inductor L2 is connected to the base of the oscillating transistor U1 and one end of the feedback capacitor C6, the collector of the oscillating transistor U1 is connected to the other end of the choke inductor L1, the output coupling capacitor C3 is set between the output end and the collector of the oscillating transistor U1, and the oscillation The emitter of the triode U1 is respectively connected to the other end of the feedback capacitor C6 and one end of the choke inductance L5;
反馈电容C6另一端与耦合电容C4一端相连，耦合电容C4另一端分别与电感L3一端、电感L4一端连接，电感L3另一端与变容二极管D1正极相连，变容二极管D1负极分别与外部电调端、电容C5一端相连，电容C5另一端接地；The other end of the feedback capacitor C6 is connected to one end of the coupling capacitor C4. The other end of the coupling capacitor C4 is connected to one end of the inductor L3 and one end of the inductor L4 respectively. terminal, one end of capacitor C5 is connected, and the other end of capacitor C5 is grounded;
扼流电感L5另一端分别与电容C7一端、电阻R4一端相连，电容C7另一端、电阻R4另一端均接地；The other end of the choke inductor L5 is respectively connected to one end of the capacitor C7 and one end of the resistor R4, and the other end of the capacitor C7 and the other end of the resistor R4 are grounded;
电感L4另一端与电容C8一端、电阻R5一端连接，电容C8另一端、电阻R5另一端均接地。The other end of the inductor L4 is connected to one end of the capacitor C8 and one end of the resistor R5, and the other end of the capacitor C8 and the other end of the resistor R5 are grounded.
在功能方面，电阻R1、电阻R2、电阻R3、电阻R4为振荡三极管U1提供直流偏置，电容C7为振荡三极管U1提供交流通路并影响输出频率，耦合电容C4影响振荡三极管U1的输出频率，电感L4为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置；In terms of function, resistor R1, resistor R2, resistor R3, and resistor R4 provide DC bias for the oscillating transistor U1, capacitor C7 provides an AC path for the oscillating transistor U1 and affects the output frequency, coupling capacitor C4 affects the output frequency of the oscillating transistor U1, and the inductance L4 provides DC bias for the varactor diode D1;
反馈电容C6为发射极和基极间的电容，于一定条件下可由振荡三极管寄生电容代替；The feedback capacitor C6 is the capacitance between the emitter and the base, which can be replaced by the parasitic capacitance of the oscillator triode under certain conditions;
电阻R5为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置，电容C8用于提供交流通路，并与电阻R5对低频干扰信号进行阻抗以提高抗干扰能力；Resistor R5 provides DC bias for varactor diode D1, capacitor C8 is used to provide AC path, and resists low-frequency interference signals with resistor R5 to improve anti-interference ability;
低频干扰信号由地端沿电阻R5、电容C8组成的增加电路进行传导。The low-frequency interference signal is conducted by an increasing circuit composed of a resistor R5 and a capacitor C8 at the ground terminal.
电阻R5、电容C8组成的增加电路的网络阻抗Zn为其中ω＝2*π*f，f为工作频率。Zn在低频杂散频率为高阻状态，实现对低频杂散的较大衰减，从而达到抗干扰的效果；同时Zn在振荡频率为低阻，不引入额外的电路损耗，保证振荡器的功能性能不受影响。The network impedance Zn of the increasing circuit composed of resistor R5 and capacitor C8 is Where ω=2*π*f, f is the operating frequency. Zn is in a high-impedance state at low-frequency spurious frequencies, which achieves greater attenuation of low-frequency spurious, thereby achieving the effect of anti-interference; at the same time, Zn is low-impedance at the oscillation frequency, does not introduce additional circuit losses, and ensures the functional performance of the oscillator Not affected.
电容C8的取值C需满足(其中f1为低频的杂散频率，f2为高频的振荡器频率。)The value C of capacitor C8 needs to satisfy (Where f1 is the low frequency spur frequency and f2 is the high frequency oscillator frequency.)
电阻R5的取值应≥1kΩ，且(其中f为工作频率，C为电容C8的容值。)The value of resistor R5 should be ≥1kΩ, and (where f is the operating frequency, and C is the capacitance of capacitor C8.)
电容C8参与压控振荡器的振荡，C8的品质因数Q值应和C4与C6的品质因数Q值相近，保证C8不会恶化整个振荡器的相位噪声。Capacitor C8 participates in the oscillation of the voltage-controlled oscillator, and the quality factor Q value of C8 should be similar to the quality factor Q values of C4 and C6, so as to ensure that C8 will not deteriorate the phase noise of the entire oscillator.
下面结合具体实施例进行进一步说明：Further explanation is carried out below in conjunction with specific embodiment:
在本实施例中，如图1所示，为典型的X波段压控振荡器原理图，U1为振荡三极管，R1、R2、R3、R4为振荡三极管提供直流偏置，电感L1、L2、L5为扼流电感、电容C1、C2为滤波电容，电容C6为发射极和基极之间的反馈电容，在高频条件下可由振荡三极管的寄生电容代替，电容C7提供交流通路，并且影响最终输出频率，电容C3为输出耦合电容，电容C4为谐振电路与振荡三极管基极之间的耦合电容，同时影响最终输出频率；变容二极管D1、电容C1、电感L3、L4为谐振电路，其中电感L4接地同时为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置。In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, it is a schematic diagram of a typical X-band voltage-controlled oscillator, U1 is an oscillating triode, R1, R2, R3, and R4 provide DC bias for the oscillating triode, and inductors L1, L2, and L5 It is a choke inductor, capacitors C1 and C2 are filter capacitors, capacitor C6 is the feedback capacitor between the emitter and base, and can be replaced by the parasitic capacitance of the oscillator transistor under high frequency conditions, and capacitor C7 provides an AC path and affects the final output Frequency, capacitor C3 is the output coupling capacitor, capacitor C4 is the coupling capacitor between the resonant circuit and the base of the oscillating transistor, and affects the final output frequency at the same time; varactor diode D1, capacitor C1, inductors L3, L4 are resonant circuits, of which inductor L4 Ground also provides DC bias for varactor diode D1.
电感、电容的阻抗是频率的函数，电感通直流，扼制高频交流，对于低频信号呈现低阻抗；电容通高频交流，隔断直流，对于低频信号呈现高阻抗。The impedance of inductors and capacitors is a function of frequency. Inductors pass through DC, suppress high-frequency AC, and present low impedance to low-frequency signals; capacitors pass high-frequency AC, block DC, and present high impedance to low-frequency signals.
本发明中改造后的压控振荡器电路结构如图2所示，在电感L4的接地端增加了并联的电阻R5和电容C8。这样电阻R5为变容二极管D1提供直流偏置，电容C8为振荡频率提供交流通路。同时C8对低频干扰信号呈现高阻，R5对低频信号也有一定的阻抗，抑制了从“地”端传导过来的低频干扰信号传导到谐振环路中，从而提高抗干扰能力。The circuit structure of the modified VCO in the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 , and a resistor R5 and a capacitor C8 connected in parallel are added to the ground terminal of the inductor L4. In this way, the resistor R5 provides a DC bias for the varactor diode D1, and the capacitor C8 provides an AC path for the oscillation frequency. At the same time, C8 presents high resistance to low-frequency interference signals, and R5 also has a certain impedance to low-frequency signals, which inhibits the transmission of low-frequency interference signals from the "ground" terminal to the resonant loop, thereby improving the anti-interference ability.
基于本发明的改造电路，改造前和改造后对低频干扰信号的响应效果如图3所示。在电路中接地端增加并联的电阻R5和电容C8，抑制了从“地”端传导过来的低频干扰信号传导到谐振环路中，从而从根本上提高X频段压控振荡器抗干扰能力。Based on the modified circuit of the present invention, the response effect to the low-frequency interference signal before and after the modification is shown in FIG. 3 . Adding parallel resistance R5 and capacitor C8 to the ground terminal in the circuit suppresses the conduction of low-frequency interference signals from the "ground" terminal to the resonant loop, thereby fundamentally improving the anti-interference ability of the X-band voltage-controlled oscillator.
本发明虽然已以较佳实施例公开如上，但其并不是用来限定本发明，任何本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，都可以利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出可能的变动和修改，因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and any person skilled in the art can use the methods disclosed above and technical content to analyze the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Possible changes and modifications are made in the technical solution. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention, which do not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, all belong to the technical solution of the present invention. protected range.
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属于本领域技术人员的公知技术。The content that is not described in detail in the description of the present invention belongs to the well-known technology of those skilled in the art.
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