CN113594680A - Circular polarization octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and array - Google Patents
Circular polarization octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and array Download PDFInfo
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- CN113594680A CN113594680A CN202110873023.3A CN202110873023A CN113594680A CN 113594680 A CN113594680 A CN 113594680A CN 202110873023 A CN202110873023 A CN 202110873023A CN 113594680 A CN113594680 A CN 113594680A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种圆极化倍频程超宽带天线单元，第一Vivaldi天线与第二Vivaldi天线呈垂直正交设置，用于产生相位差为90°的电信号，形成左旋圆极化波或右旋圆极化波；第一Vivaldi天线包括第一介质基板以及辐射贴片，且辐射贴片对称的设置于第一介质基板上；辐射贴片设有扼流槽组与馈电结构，馈电结构用于馈以相位差为90°的信号，并在空中形成圆极化波；第二Vivaldi天线的结构设置与第一Vivaldi天线的结构设置相同；本发明的有益效果为实现了将传统的线极化波转换为圆极化波的过程；使得天线单元在强耦合效应的作用下获得超过三倍频程的宽角扫描特性；实现了超宽带小型化低剖面的特性。
The invention discloses a circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit. A first Vivaldi antenna and a second Vivaldi antenna are vertically and orthogonally arranged, and are used to generate electrical signals with a phase difference of 90° to form a left-handed circularly polarized wave. or right-handed circularly polarized wave; the first Vivaldi antenna includes a first dielectric substrate and a radiation patch, and the radiation patch is symmetrically arranged on the first dielectric substrate; the radiation patch is provided with a choke slot group and a feeding structure, The feeding structure is used for feeding a signal with a phase difference of 90°, and forms a circularly polarized wave in the air; the structure setting of the second Vivaldi antenna is the same as that of the first Vivaldi antenna; the beneficial effect of the present invention is to realize the The process of converting traditional linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves; enables the antenna unit to obtain wide-angle scanning characteristics exceeding three octaves under the action of strong coupling effect; realizes the characteristics of ultra-wideband miniaturization and low profile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and an array.
Background
With the rapid development of communication technology, the performance index of a radar antenna, as an information reconnaissance detection device applied to the fields of communication broadcasting, national defense construction and aerospace, faces ever-stricter requirements. The radar antenna is mostly applied to a phased array, and the rapid change of the radar beam direction and the main lobe shape can be realized through an electronic control method. The method has unique advantages in the aspects of multi-target tracking and observation of high-speed moving targets. However, one phased array radar usually consists of thousands of array elements, so that the cost is very high, the requirement of sharing and transmitting and receiving of multiple frequency bands and multiple systems is met by adopting a broadband phased array radar, and the interference among antennas in different frequency bands can be reduced.
The traditional design method of broadband phased array is to design isolated antenna elements with broadband performance and then form array antenna by elements, but the design method deteriorates the matching of the array antenna due to the mutual coupling between the elements. And because the size of a general broadband antenna unit is larger, the volume after array assembling is larger, the general broadband antenna unit is not easy to be conformal, the wide-angle scanning of beams is not easy to realize, and the function of a radar system cannot be realized.
In view of this, the present application is specifically made.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to realize an antenna unit for carrying out large-angle scanning on wave beams, and aims to provide a circular polarization octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and an array, which can realize the characteristic of large-angle scanning of the wave beams through formed circular polarization waves.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit comprises a first Vivaldi antenna and a second Vivaldi antenna; the first Vivaldi antenna and the second Vivaldi antenna are vertically and orthogonally arranged and used for generating electric signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees to form left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves;
the first Vivaldi antenna comprises a first dielectric substrate and radiation patches, and the radiation patches are symmetrically arranged on the first dielectric substrate;
the radiation patch is provided with a choke bank and a feed structure, and the feed structure is used for feeding signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and forming circularly polarized waves in the air;
the choke groove group is used for changing the surface current distribution of the radiation arm, improving the aperture width and improving the radiation performance of the antenna;
the structural arrangement of the second Vivaldi antenna is the same as the structural arrangement of the first Vivaldi antenna.
When the traditional antenna is set, the design scheme is that an isolated antenna unit with broadband performance is adopted, and an array antenna is formed from the antenna to which element, but when the antenna unit is designed by adopting the method, the size is often overlarge, the size is larger when the array is formed, and the large-angle scanning of wave beams is not easy to realize.
Preferably, the feeding structure includes a feeding strip line, a first slot line open cavity, a second slot line open cavity and a short-circuit terminal, and the first slot line open cavity and the second slot line open cavity are both disposed at an edge of the first dielectric substrate and are symmetrically disposed about a central axis of the first dielectric substrate; the short circuit terminal is arranged above the first slot line open circuit cavity; the feed strip line is arranged around the second slot line open-circuit cavity and feeds strip lines; the slot line open circuit cavity is used for adjusting the feeding position.
The short circuit terminal structure can effectively reduce the Q value of the circuit, and can widen the bandwidth of the antenna.
Preferably, the radiation patch is enclosed by an exponential curve, the choke set is disposed at a central axis of the radiation patch, and the feed structure is disposed below the choke set.
Preferably, the choke groove group comprises a plurality of first choke grooves arranged at equal intervals and a plurality of second choke grooves arranged at equal intervals, and the first choke grooves and the second choke grooves are arranged in parallel.
Preferably, the first choke groove and the second choke groove are both rectangular choke grooves, and the length of the first choke groove is smaller than the length of the second choke groove.
Preferably, first choke groove with the axis of medium base plate is the angle setting, second choke groove with the angle of medium base plate axis with the angle that first choke groove set up is the same.
Preferably, the short-circuit terminal has a fan-shaped structure or a square structure.
The fan-shaped structure is an optimal mode, but the arrangement of the fan-shaped structure, the square structure and the like is not limited.
Preferably, the shape of the slotline open-circuit cavity is a semicircular structure or a polygonal structure.
The adopted semicircular structure is optimally arranged, and the semicircular structure or the polygonal structure is not limited to be adopted.
The invention also discloses a circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna array, which comprises a plurality of circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna units, wherein the antenna units are uniformly arranged in an array form.
The constructed antenna units form an antenna array, so that the wide-angle scanning characteristic exceeding a triple frequency range is obtained by the antenna units under the action of a strong coupling effect, and the coupling performance among the antenna units is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. according to the circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and the array provided by the embodiment of the invention, the process of converting traditional linearly polarized waves into circularly polarized waves is realized by vertically arranging the first Vivaldi antenna and the second Vivaldi antenna;
2. according to the circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and the array provided by the embodiment of the invention, the feed point position and the radiation patch position on the dielectric substrate are improved, so that the antenna unit obtains wide-angle scanning characteristics exceeding a triple-octave under the action of a strong coupling effect;
3. according to the circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit and the array, choke grooves in the choke groove group are set to be rectangular grooves, and the ultra-wideband miniaturization and low-profile characteristics are achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an antenna unit
FIG. 2 shows unit main/cross polarization simulated gain in side-fire
FIG. 3 shows the active standing wave ratio
FIG. 4 shows the unit normal axial ratio at side-fire
FIG. 5 is the cell pattern for the 2.2GHz case
FIG. 6 is the cell pattern for the case of FIG. 61.4 GHz
FIG. 7 is the cell pattern for the 0.7GHz case
FIG. 8 is the array pattern as scanned to 0 (5 x 5 array)
FIG. 9 is the array pattern as scanned to 30 (5 x 5 array)
FIG. 10 is the array pattern as scanned to 55 (5 x 5 array)
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of circularly polarized tightly coupled Vivaldi sub-linear array
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of a first Vivaldi antenna
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example one
The present embodiment discloses a circular polarization octave ultra-wideband antenna unit, as shown in fig. 1 and 12, including a first Vivaldi antenna 1 and a second Vivaldi antenna 9; the first Vivaldi antenna 1 and the second Vivaldi antenna 9 are vertically and orthogonally arranged, one of the Vivaldi antenna and the second Vivaldi antenna is horizontally arranged, the other is vertically arranged and used for generating electric signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees to form left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves, in the vertically and orthogonally arranged structure, the horizontally arranged Vivaldi antenna generates horizontally polarized linear polarized waves, the vertically arranged antenna generates vertically polarized linear polarized waves, and after the two antennas are simultaneously excited by electric signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees, left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves can be generated;
the first Vivaldi antenna 1 includes a first dielectric substrate and radiation patches 2, in this embodiment, two radiation patches 2 are disposed and respectively adhered to the front surface and the back surface of the first dielectric substrate, and the structures of the radiation patches 2 disposed on the front surface and the back surface are opposite and identical;
the radiation patch 2 is enclosed by an index curve X ═ C1 × (a × Z) + C2(Z ═ 0: L)
Wherein: c1 ═ (x2-x1)/(exp (a x L) -1)
C2＝(x1*exp(a*L)-x2)/(exp(a*L)-1)
The radiating patch 2 is provided with a choke groove group and a feed structure, the choke groove group is arranged on the central axis of the radiating patch 2, the choke groove group comprises a plurality of first choke grooves 3 which are arranged at equal intervals and a plurality of second choke grooves 4 which are arranged at equal intervals, and the first choke grooves 3 and the second choke grooves 4 are arranged in parallel; the antenna aims to change the surface current distribution of the radiation arm, improve the aperture width and the antenna radiation performance, increase the capacitive coupling between adjacent array elements during array formation, and have lower cut-off frequency under the condition of not increasing the height of the antenna section.
In the present embodiment, the first choke groove 3 and the second choke groove 4 are both rectangular choke grooves, and the length of the first choke groove 3 is smaller than that of the second choke groove 4, wherein the relationship between the first choke groove 3 and the second choke groove 4 is set such that the second choke groove length is 2 times that of the first choke groove, but is not limited to the method of this setting, and is not limited regardless of the number or the size of the space between the choke grooves, and this method of setting is an optimal choice.
The first choke groove 3 is arranged at an angle with the central axis of the medium substrate, the second choke groove 4 is arranged at the same angle with the central axis of the medium substrate as the first choke groove 3, the angle between the first choke groove 3 and the central axis of the medium substrate and the angle between the second choke groove 4 and the central axis of the medium substrate are not limited in this embodiment, and the angle may be any angle, but in this embodiment, the set angle is ninety degrees as an optimal selection setting;
the feed structure is arranged below the choke groove group, the feed structure comprises a feed strip line 7, a first slot line open-circuit cavity 6, a second slot line open-circuit cavity 8 and a short-circuit terminal 5, the first slot line open-circuit cavity 6 and the second slot line open-circuit cavity 8 are arranged on the edge of the first dielectric substrate and are symmetrically arranged about the central axis of the first dielectric substrate, and the slot line open-circuit cavities with mutually symmetrical structures are arranged and are mainly used for adjusting the position of a feed point and also convenient for arraying and are beneficial to reducing grating lobes;
the short-circuit terminal 5 is arranged above the first slot line open cavity 6, in this embodiment, the short-circuit terminal 5 is arranged above the first slot line open cavity 6, but the position where the short-circuit terminal 5 is arranged is not limited to be fixed, and a fan-shaped structure or a square structure is adopted;
the feeding strip line 7 is arranged around the second slot line open-circuit cavity 8 and is used for strip line feeding, and the strip line feeding is mainly better in branch matching with the feeding strip line 7 with the structure; the slot line open circuit cavity is used for adjusting the feeding position. The feed structure is used for feeding signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and forming circularly polarized waves in the air; the structural arrangement of the second Vivaldi antenna 9 is the same as that of the first Vivaldi antenna 1.
The working principle is as follows:
the antenna unit is provided with two feeding points, the feeding position is the position of a feeding strip line 7, two improved Vivaldi antennas are fed by the strip line, signals with the phase difference of 90 degrees are respectively fed, the signals are transmitted to a radiation patch 2 through a strip line-slot line converter structure, and the signals are radiated to the air through the radiation patch 2 to form circular polarized waves.
As shown in fig. 2, which is a result of a gain simulation of a unit under a side-fire condition, it can be seen that a stable circularly polarized gain can be obtained within a frequency band of 0.7 to 2.2GHz, a relative bandwidth is 103%, and the antenna is a triple-octave ultra-wideband antenna; as shown in fig. 3, the active standing wave ratio of the unit antenna is shown, and it can be seen that the antenna still has good standing wave characteristics when scanned at a large scanning angle of 50 °, and the standing wave ratio is below 3.5; as shown in fig. 4, the axial ratio result at the time of side-fire is demonstrated, and it can be seen that the antenna has good axial ratio characteristics in the whole frequency band, and the axial ratio is below 0.05 dB; as shown in fig. 5 to 7, the results of radiation patterns of three frequency points in the frequency band of 0.7 to 2.2GHz show that the antenna has stable and symmetrical radiation lobes.
Example two
The present embodiment discloses a circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna array, wherein the antenna units adopted in the present embodiment are the circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna units provided in the first embodiment, and the structure of the circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna units is shown in fig. 11, and the antenna units are uniformly arranged in an array form.
As shown in fig. 8 to 10, the scanning results of 5 × 5 array of the antennas are shown, and it can be seen that the array of the element antennas provided by the present invention has a significant advantage in grating lobe compared to other forms of tightly coupled arrays; fig. 11 is a 5 x 5 array model of the antenna.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna element, comprising a first Vivaldi antenna (1) and a second Vivaldi antenna (9); the first Vivaldi antenna (1) and the second Vivaldi antenna (9) are vertically and orthogonally arranged and used for generating electric signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees to form left-hand circularly polarized waves or right-hand circularly polarized waves;
the first Vivaldi antenna (1) comprises a first dielectric substrate and radiation patches (2), and the radiation patches (2) are symmetrically arranged on the first dielectric substrate;
the radiation patch (2) is provided with a choke bank and a feed structure, and the feed structure is used for feeding signals with a phase difference of 90 degrees and forming circularly polarized waves in the air;
the choke groove group is used for changing the surface current distribution of the radiation arm, improving the aperture width and improving the radiation performance of the antenna;
the structural arrangement of the second Vivaldi antenna (9) is the same as the structural arrangement of the first Vivaldi antenna (1).
2. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the feed structure comprises a feed strip line (7), a first open slot line cavity (6), a second open slot line cavity (8) and a short-circuit termination (5), the first open slot line cavity (6) and the second open slot line cavity (8) are both disposed at the edge of the first dielectric substrate and are symmetrically disposed about the central axis of the first dielectric substrate; the short circuit terminal (5) is arranged above the first slot line open circuit cavity (6); the feeding strip line (7) is arranged around the second slot line open-circuit cavity (8) and feeds strip lines; the slot line open circuit cavity is used for adjusting the feeding position.
3. A circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the radiating patch (2) is enclosed by an exponential curve and the set of chokes is arranged at the central axis of the radiating patch (2) and the feed structure is arranged below the set of chokes.
4. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit as claimed in claim 2, wherein the choke groove set comprises a plurality of first choke grooves (3) arranged at equal intervals and a plurality of second choke grooves (4) arranged at equal intervals, and the first choke grooves (3) and the second choke grooves (4) are arranged in parallel.
5. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first choke slot (3) and the second choke slot (4) are both rectangular choke slots, and the length of the first choke slot (3) is smaller than the length of the second choke slot (4).
6. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit as claimed in claim 5, wherein the first choke groove (3) is disposed at an angle to the central axis of the dielectric substrate, and the second choke groove (4) is disposed at the same angle to the central axis of the dielectric substrate as the first choke groove (3).
7. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the shorting termination (5) is of a fan-shaped or square configuration.
8. The circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna unit according to claim 7, wherein the shape of the first open cavity (7) and the shape of the second open cavity (8) are both a semicircular structure or a polygonal structure.
9. A circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna array, comprising a plurality of circularly polarized octave ultra-wideband antenna elements as claimed in claims 1-8, wherein the antenna elements are uniformly arranged in an array.
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| CN202110873023.3A CN113594680B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A circularly polarized octave-band ultra-wideband antenna unit and array |
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| CN202110873023.3A CN113594680B (en) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | A circularly polarized octave-band ultra-wideband antenna unit and array |
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| CN114578349A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-06-03 | 山东大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle ground radar system and inspection method for dam hidden danger detection |
| CN115513641A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2022-12-23 | 西安通飞电子科技有限公司 | Multichannel, ultra wide band, miniaturization, anti-interference electronic countermeasure equipment |
| CN115810909A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-03-17 | 湖南大学 | Array-forming miniaturized antenna for 5G |
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| CN203826551U (en) * | 2014-04-16 | 2014-09-10 | 常州吉赫射频电子技术有限公司 | Vivaldi printed antenna having ultra-wideband dual-polarized characteristics |
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| CN114578349A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-06-03 | 山东大学 | Unmanned aerial vehicle ground radar system and inspection method for dam hidden danger detection |
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| CN115810909A (en) * | 2023-02-09 | 2023-03-17 | 湖南大学 | Array-forming miniaturized antenna for 5G |
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| CN113594680B (en) | 2024-12-03 |
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