CN113594517A

CN113594517A - Unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system

Info

Publication number: CN113594517A
Application number: CN202110857509.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴震; 付铁峰
Original assignee: Hydrogen Source Wind New Power Technology Suzhou Co ltd
Current assignee: Hydrogen Source Wind New Power Technology Suzhou Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-07-28
Filing date: 2021-07-28
Publication date: 2021-11-02

Abstract

The invention relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system, comprising a hydride storage tank, a reaction kettle, a fuel cell, a lithium ion battery, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an electronic speed regulator, and a motor, which are arranged in sequence. A lithium battery is connected to the connection line between the /DC converter and the electronic governor; the hydride storage tank stores one of magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride, and lithium hydride, so The magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride, and lithium hydride are spherical particles, and the spherical particles have a volume of 8-12 mm ³ , and a push is provided between the hydride storage tank and the reaction kettle. The push piston pushes the spherical particles to the reaction kettle, and the reaction kettle is filled with water and catalyst.

Description

Unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of unmanned aerial vehicles, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system.

Background

Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, various unmanned aerial vehicles have been the important choice for executing various tasks in the air in the large country due to the promotion of military requirements, the support of advanced technologies and the use of new materials, and the development of various unmanned aerial vehicles is rapid and the performance of the unmanned aerial vehicles is increasingly improved. For example, the unmanned aerial vehicle in the field of plant protection, because load is great, on average about 10 minutes need change the battery once, lead to unmanned aerial vehicle operation in-process battery change number of times many, and troublesome poeration, spray inefficiency. At present, the cruising ability becomes the bottleneck of the development of the plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle. How to improve the endurance time of the unmanned aerial vehicle to enable the unmanned aerial vehicle to execute tasks in a long-distance and uninterrupted manner becomes an important direction in the research field of the current unmanned aerial vehicle. At present, the technology for solving the problem of unmanned aerial vehicle endurance adopted by various countries in the world mainly comprises the following steps: modes of supplying power to the unmanned aerial vehicle by adopting oil-electricity hybrid, electricity-solar hybrid, and hybrid of a hydrogen fuel cell and a lithium battery have been proposed, and even schemes of supplying power by adopting oil-electricity-solar hybrid have been proposed.

The hydrogen fuel cell is used as a cleaning mode and is paid much attention, but due to the special property of hydrogen, a hydrogen storage tank is required to be equipped for hydrogen supply under normal conditions, but because uncertain factors are numerous in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, the unmanned aerial vehicle is easy to deviate from the course or even crash in severe weather, and at the moment, the hydrogen cylinder is exposed by impact and is easy to react with air to explode. CN206579851U proposes a safety ejection device for hydrogen fuel cell of unmanned aerial vehicle, which separates hydrogen cylinders in emergency. But the proposal still does not solve the problem that the hydrogen cylinders are leaked by collision and even explode.

CN202110470546.3 proposes a light solid hydrogen storage reactor, which can omit a hydrogen cylinder, and adopts a light hydrogen storage reactor, and a water outlet valve and a filter are disposed at the bottom of a hydrogen source reactor, so that when hydrogen is not needed, water in the hydrogen source reactor can be discharged by opening the water outlet valve or by opening a power device, and the water is filtered and discharged by the filter, so as to rapidly reduce the reaction water in the reactor and reduce the hydrogen discharge. However, the solution still has a certain risk, water is directly conveyed into the hydrogen source reactor, magnesium hydroxide insoluble substances are generated in the reaction process and coated on hydrides, so that the mass transfer efficiency of water and the hydrogen production reaction is reduced, the reaction rate and the yield of the hydrogen production reaction are affected, and in addition, although water can be quickly discharged, the hydrogen production amount is difficult to accurately control, so that the energy management is difficult.

In the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle, how to control the multi-power supply and improve the energy utilization rate and the safety becomes the problem which needs to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the device comprises a hydride storage tank, a reaction kettle, a fuel cell, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an electronic speed regulator and a motor which are arranged in sequence, wherein a lithium battery is connected on a connecting circuit of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the electronic speed regulator; one of magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride and lithium hydride is stored in the hydride storage tank, the magnesium hydride, the ammonia borane, the sodium borohydride, the aluminum hydride, the sodium hydride and the lithium hydride are spherical particles, and the volume of the spherical particles is 8-12mm³The device comprises a reaction kettle, a hydride storage tank, a propelling piston, a water tank, a catalyst and a water tank, wherein the propelling piston is arranged between the hydride storage tank and the reaction kettle and used for propelling the spherical particles to the reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is internally provided with water and the catalyst, and the catalyst is chloride.

Further, the system also includes a control module that controls the fuel cell, the bi-directional DC/DC converter, the electronic governor, and the push piston;

further, the control module analyzes the state of the unmanned aerial vehicle, wherein the state of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a takeoff state, a cruise or stable flight state, an acceleration state and a severe environment state;

further, when the unmanned aerial vehicle is judged to be in a take-off state, the control module adjusts the lithium ion battery to supply power to the motor;

further, when the unmanned aerial vehicle is judged to be in a cruising or stable flying state, the control module controls the fuel cell to supply power to the motor;

further, when the lithium ion battery is used for supplying power, the control module detects the residual electric quantity of the lithium ion battery, and when the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery is 50% -80%, the pushing piston is started to start hydrogen production and charge the lithium ion battery; when the vehicle is in a cruising or stable flying state, detecting the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery, and when the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery is less than 90%, starting to charge the lithium ion battery by the fuel battery;

further, an exhaust port is arranged at the middle upper part of the reaction kettle, and the exhaust port conveys hydrogen to the fuel cell through a hydrogen pipeline;

further, the water vapor generated by the fuel cell is converted into liquid water through the heat exchanger and then is conveyed to the reaction kettle;

further, the fuel cell is also provided with a fan which supplies air to the fuel cell and adjusts the temperature of the fuel cell;

further, a buffer tank is arranged between the reaction kettle and the fuel cell;

further, a stirring paddle is arranged in the reaction kettle;

further, the catalyst is one or more of magnesium chloride, sodium chloride or potassium chloride;

furthermore, the reaction kettle is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, an ultrafiltration filter is arranged between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe, concentrated solution of the ultrafiltration filter is discharged or stored, and a water outlet of the ultrafiltration filter is communicated with a water inlet of the reaction kettle;

further, a coil pipe is arranged inside and outside the fuel cell, and the water outlet pipe is communicated with the coil pipe;

further, the heat exchanger is connected with the coil;

compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the piston device is adopted to push the beads to enter the reaction kettle, so that the rate and the yield of the hydrogen production reaction can be simply and effectively controlled, and the problems of overhigh reaction strength or difficult control of the hydrogen production amount caused by direct water addition reaction in hydride are prevented;

(2) the hydrogen supply rate required by the fuel cell to reach the rated power can be obtained through calculation, on the basis, the pushing rate of the hydrogen production reactant is controlled through the pushing piston, the effect that the hydrogen is produced and used immediately can be achieved, and even if an accident happens, the hydrogen is not generated due to the fact that hydride does not react, and the hydrogen is not high-pressure hydrogen, and severe explosion cannot occur; meanwhile, hydrogen is continuously released to the fuel cell at a theoretical speed to meet the rated power of the fuel cell, and electricity is stably generated;

(3) the ball body is pushed by the piston device to enter the reaction kettle for reaction, so that magnesium hydroxide substances generated in the reaction process of a large amount of hydrides can be prevented from being coated on the hydrides, and mass transfer efficiency is reduced to influence hydrogen production;

(4) the pushing speed of the piston device to the beads can accurately control the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen production amount, and the problems of insufficient hydrogen supply of the fuel cell or overlarge pressure in the hydrogen storage tank are prevented;

(5) when the magnesium hydride is used as a hydride, the magnesium hydride reacts with water to produce magnesium hydroxide, the catalyst can be magnesium chloride, the hydrogen production efficiency of the magnesium hydride is obviously improved under the action of the magnesium chloride, tests show that the hydrolysis hydrogen release amount of the Mg-based hydride in deionized water at 30 ℃ for 3 min is 192 mL/g, the conversion unit can obtain that the hydrogen release rate is 43.597L/min, the hydrogen release amount of the Mg-based hydride in a 0.5 mol/L MgCl2 aqueous solution for hydrolysis for 3 min reaches 927 mL/g, the conversion unit can obtain that the hydrogen release rate of the magnesium hydride is 210.49L/min, and meanwhile, the magnesium hydroxide needs to be converted into the magnesium chloride during recycling, so the magnesium chloride can be directly recycled, and the generated waste liquid is not polluted or has extra cost;

(6) the hydride storage tank is arranged, and the tank body for storing the hydride is separated from the reaction kettle, so that the energy source replacement can be quickly realized, and the hydrogenation can be conveniently realized;

(7) the ultrafiltration filter is arranged to regularly treat the reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, so that the concentration of magnesium hydroxide in the reaction kettle can be reduced, and the concentration of magnesium chloride can be increased. The special property of the ultrafiltration filter is that magnesium chloride can pass through the ultrafiltration reactor, while magnesium hydroxide is an insoluble substance and is difficult to pass through the ultrafiltration filter, and the concentration of the magnesium chloride can be moderately increased by conveying the effluent of the ultrafiltration filter into a reaction kettle;

(8) in the unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system, the DC/DC converter can match the voltage of the fuel battery with the voltage of the bus by boosting, can directly supply power to the electronic speed regulator and can supply power to the lithium battery;

(9) the takeoff state provides high-power electric power by utilizing the rate discharge characteristic of the lithium battery; the cruise or stable flight state is switched to the fuel cell for power supply, and the fuel cell realizes hydrogen-electricity conversion, so that the respective advantages of the cell and the fuel cell can be greatly exerted; in addition, a part of fuel cells can be used for generating electricity to charge the lithium battery in a cruising or stable flying state, and when acceleration or overlarge wind power exists in the airplane, the high power of the rate of the lithium battery can be used for realizing acceleration or strong wind resistance and the like.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an unmanned aerial vehicle power system.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," when used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying figures 1-3:

example 1

An unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system comprises a hydride storage tank, a reaction kettle, a fuel battery, a bidirectional DC/DC converter, an electronic speed regulator and a motor which are sequentially arranged, wherein a lithium battery is connected on a connecting line of the bidirectional DC/DC converter and the electronic speed regulator; one of magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride and lithium hydride is stored in the hydride storage tank, the magnesium hydride, the ammonia borane, the sodium borohydride, the aluminum hydride, the sodium hydride and the lithium hydride are spherical particles, and the volume of the spherical particles is 8-12mm³The device comprises a reaction kettle, a hydride storage tank, a propelling piston, a water tank, a catalyst and a water tank, wherein the propelling piston is arranged between the hydride storage tank and the reaction kettle and used for propelling the spherical particles to the reaction kettle, the reaction kettle is internally provided with water and the catalyst, and the catalyst is chloride. The magnesium hydride is sent to a reaction kettle containing water. Wherein the magnesium hydride is prepared to have a volume of about 8 to 12mm³Pellets, all stored in a hydrogen storage tank, having an inner diameter of the pipe10 mm, a movable piston is arranged in the horizontally placed pipeline, and the magnesium hydride beads are pushed once every 20 to 40 seconds to be partially fed into the reactor.

When the reaction starts, 200 g of low-concentration magnesium chloride solution is filled in the bottom of the kettle, the height of the magnesium chloride solution is about 1/3 of the reactor, and the magnesium chloride solution can submerge the stirring paddle, so that the stirring paddle can play a role in mixing reactants after the reaction starts, and the reaction speed is accelerated. After the reaction starts, the piston moves outwards, the magnesium hydride beads in the storage tank fall to the horizontal pipeline under the action of gravity, the piston pushes inwards, the beads falling to the pipeline are pushed to move forwards while other magnesium hydride beads are sealed to fall, and finally the beads are sent to the reactor. After contacting with water in the reaction kettle, the magnesium hydride beads can be dissolved and undergo hydrolysis reaction under the catalysis of the catalyst, and the generated hydrogen can be connected to a hydrogen pipeline through an exhaust port and supplied to a fuel cell.

Example 2

On the basis of the example 1, the method comprises the following steps of,

the system is provided with a control module, the control module controls the fuel cell, the bidirectional DC/DC converter, the electronic speed regulator and the push piston, the control module analyzes the state of the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the state of the unmanned aerial vehicle is a take-off state, a cruise or stable flight state, an acceleration state and a severe environment state; when the unmanned aerial vehicle is judged to be in a take-off state, the control module adjusts the lithium ion battery to supply power to the motor; when the unmanned aerial vehicle is judged to be in a cruising or stable flying state, the control module controls the fuel cell to supply power to the motor; when the lithium ion battery is used for supplying power, the control module detects the residual electric quantity of the lithium ion battery, and when the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery is 50% -80%, the pushing piston is started to start hydrogen production and charge the lithium ion battery; when the vehicle is in a cruising or stable flying state, the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery is detected, and when the electric quantity of the lithium ion battery is less than 90%, the fuel battery starts to charge the lithium ion battery.

Although the embodiments of the invention have been described above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to the analysis of test data in various fields of research and further modifications will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. an unmanned aerial vehicle battery hybrid management system, is characterized in that, comprises hydride storage tank, reactor, fuel cell, bidirectional DC/DC converter, electronic governor, motor that are set in turn, described bidirectional DC/DC A lithium battery is connected to the connection line between the DC converter and the electronic governor; one of magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride and lithium hydride is stored in the hydride storage tank. Magnesium hydride, ammonia borane, sodium borohydride, aluminum hydride, sodium hydride and lithium hydride are spherical particles, the volume of the spherical particles is 8-12mm ³ , and a push piston is set between the hydride storage tank and the reaction kettle , the push piston pushes the spherical particles to the reaction kettle, water and a catalyst are arranged in the reaction kettle, and the catalyst is chloride, and the system further includes a control module, which controls the fuel cell, Bidirectional DC/DC converter, electronic governor and push piston.

2. a kind of unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described control module analyzes unmanned aerial vehicle state, and described unmanned aerial vehicle state is take-off state, cruise or smooth flight state, Accelerated state, harsh environment state.

3. A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, when judging that the unmanned aerial vehicle is in a take-off state, the control module adjusts the lithium-ion battery to supply power to the motor;

When judging that the drone is in a cruising or stable flight state, the control module controls the fuel cell to supply power to the motor; when using a lithium-ion battery for power, the control module detects the remaining power of the lithium-ion battery, and when the lithium-ion battery is powered At 50%-80%, turn on the push piston to start hydrogen production and charge the lithium-ion battery; when cruising or in a stable flight state, detect the lithium-ion battery power, when the lithium-ion battery power is less than 90%, the fuel cell starts to be lithium-ion Charging batteries.

The hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein the water vapor generated by the fuel cell is converted into liquid water by the heat exchanger and then transported to the reactor.

The hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 1, wherein a buffer tank is arranged between the reaction kettle and the fuel cell.

6. A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described reaction kettle is provided with stirring paddle.

7. A kind of unmanned aerial vehicle hydrogen fuel cell power system as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, catalyst is one or more in magnesium chloride, sodium chloride or potassium chloride.

8 . The hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, and an ultrafiltration filter is arranged between the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. 9 .

9 . The hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 1 , wherein a coil is arranged inside and outside the fuel cell, and the water outlet is connected to the coil. 10 .

10 . The hydrogen fuel cell power system of claim 9 , wherein the heat exchanger is connected to the coil. 11 .