CN113586257B - An IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving and a method for adjusting pressure - Google Patents
An IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving and a method for adjusting pressure Download PDFInfo
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- F25J3/04545—Integration with an oxygen consuming unit, e.g. glass facility, waste incineration or oxygen based processes in general for the H2/CO synthesis by partial oxidation or oxygen consuming reforming processes of fuels for the gasification of solid or heavy liquid fuels, e.g. integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC]
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Abstract
本发明涉及整体煤气化联合循环系统技术领域，公开了一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统，在整体化空分装置中加设压缩空气储罐，在压缩空气储罐上安装有压力检测计；在燃气轮机系统中加设换热器，压气机尾部通过换热器与压缩空气储罐连接；压力检测计连接有控制单元，控制单元与压气机和空压机连接，根据压力检测计检测到的压力调整压气机尾部抽气量或者调整空压机的工作负荷。在空压机与压气机之间加装换热器加热合成气，减少压气机抽气与空压机压缩空气温度之间的差异，提升IGCC整体发电效率；在空压机与压气机之间加装压缩空气储罐，平滑由于调峰导致燃气轮机负荷频繁变动带来的抽气压力、流量频繁波动，从而保证整体化空分装置稳定运行。
The invention relates to the technical field of integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems. It discloses an IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving. A compressed air storage tank is added to the integrated air separation device, and a pressure detector is installed on the compressed air storage tank; A heat exchanger is added to the gas turbine system, and the rear end of the compressor is connected to the compressed air storage tank through the heat exchanger; the pressure detector is connected to a control unit, and the control unit is connected to the compressor and air compressor. According to the pressure detected by the pressure detector Pressure adjusts the exhaust volume at the rear of the compressor or adjusts the workload of the air compressor. Install a heat exchanger between the air compressor and the compressor to heat the syngas, reduce the difference between the compressor extraction air and the compressed air temperature of the air compressor, and improve the overall power generation efficiency of the IGCC; between the air compressor and the compressor A compressed air storage tank is installed to smooth out the frequent fluctuations in extraction pressure and flow caused by frequent changes in the gas turbine load due to peak shaving, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the integrated air separation unit.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及整体煤气化联合循环系统技术领域，特别涉及一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统及调节压力的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of integrated coal gasification combined cycle systems, and in particular to an IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving and a method for adjusting pressure.
背景技术Background technique
整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)是指将煤气化技术和高效的联合循环相结合的先进动力系统。IGCC主要系统流程为煤在气化炉中与气化剂反应成为中低热值合成气，经过净化工艺，成为清洁的气体燃料，然后送入燃气轮机燃烧再加热气体工质驱动燃气轮机透平做功发电，燃气轮机排气进入余热锅炉加热给水产生过热蒸汽驱动蒸汽轮机做功发电。IGCC具有发电效率高、污染物排放低、燃烧前二氧化碳捕集成本低等优势。IGCC主要设备由空分装置、气化炉、合成气净化设备、燃气轮机、余热锅炉、蒸汽轮机等组成。空分系统制氧功耗占IGCC系统总发电量的10％-20％，占厂用总电耗的70％-85％，是制约IGCC发电效率提升的关键因素之一。由于燃气轮机压气机效率高于空分装置中空压机效率，且燃气轮机进气量远大于空分装置进气量，因此可以从燃气轮机压气机尾部抽气进入空分系统，减少空分装置空压机耗能，从而提高IGCC发电效率，这种空分装置，称之为整体化空分装置。一般而言，整体化率(即来自燃气轮机压气机尾部抽气的压缩空气占空分装置总进气量的比例)在50％-80％之间，IGCC全厂发电效率最高。目前，构建以可再生能源为主体的电力系统，要求燃气轮机机组更加频繁的承担调峰调频任务。由于压气机压比、进气量随着燃气轮机负荷的不同而不同，从压气机尾部抽取的压缩空气流量、温度、压力也会发生相应的变化，由于该部分压缩空气占整体化空分装置总进气量的50％-80％，导致进入整体化空分装置入口原料气流量、温度、压力频繁波动，不利于空分装置稳定运行。Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) refers to an advanced power system that combines coal gasification technology with efficient combined cycle. The main system process of IGCC is that the coal reacts with the gasification agent in the gasifier to become a medium and low calorific value synthesis gas. After a purification process, it becomes a clean gas fuel, which is then sent to the gas turbine for combustion and reheated gas working fluid to drive the gas turbine turbine to generate power. The gas turbine exhaust gas enters the waste heat boiler to heat the feed water and generates superheated steam to drive the steam turbine to generate power. IGCC has the advantages of high power generation efficiency, low pollutant emissions, and low cost of carbon dioxide capture before combustion. The main equipment of IGCC consists of air separation unit, gasification furnace, syngas purification equipment, gas turbine, waste heat boiler, steam turbine, etc. The oxygen production power consumption of the air separation system accounts for 10%-20% of the total power generation of the IGCC system and 70%-85% of the total power consumption of the plant. It is one of the key factors restricting the improvement of IGCC power generation efficiency. Since the efficiency of the gas turbine compressor is higher than that of the air compressor in the air separation unit, and the air intake volume of the gas turbine is much greater than the air intake volume of the air separation unit, air can be extracted from the rear of the gas turbine compressor into the air separation system, reducing the number of air compressors in the air separation unit. Energy consumption, thereby improving the IGCC power generation efficiency. This kind of air separation device is called an integrated air separation device. Generally speaking, the integration rate (that is, the proportion of compressed air extracted from the tail end of the gas turbine compressor to the total air intake of the air separation unit) is between 50% and 80%, and the power generation efficiency of the entire IGCC plant is the highest. At present, the construction of a power system dominated by renewable energy requires gas turbine units to undertake peak and frequency regulation tasks more frequently. Since the compressor pressure ratio and air intake volume vary with the load of the gas turbine, the flow rate, temperature, and pressure of the compressed air extracted from the rear of the compressor will also change accordingly. Since this part of the compressed air accounts for the total amount of the integrated air separation unit, 50%-80% of the air intake volume causes frequent fluctuations in raw material gas flow, temperature and pressure at the entrance of the integrated air separation unit, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air separation unit.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统及调节压力的方法，解决了整体化空分装置入口原料气流量、温度、压力频繁波动，不利于空分装置稳定运行的问题。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an IGCC system and a method for adjusting pressure that are adapted to rapid peak shaving, and solve the problem of frequent fluctuations in raw gas flow, temperature, and pressure at the inlet of an integrated air separation unit, which is not conducive to the stable operation of the air separation unit.
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现：The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统，包括依次连接的整体化空分装置、煤气化及净化系统、燃气轮机系统、余热锅炉和汽轮机系统；An IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving, including an integrated air separation unit, a coal gasification and purification system, a gas turbine system, a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine system connected in sequence;
整体化空分装置包括空压机，在整体化空分装置中加设压缩空气储罐，在压缩空气储罐上安装有压力检测计；The integrated air separation unit includes an air compressor, a compressed air storage tank is added to the integrated air separation unit, and a pressure detector is installed on the compressed air storage tank;
燃气轮机系统包括压气机，在燃气轮机系统中加设换热器，压气机的尾部通过换热器与压缩空气储罐连接；The gas turbine system includes a compressor, a heat exchanger is added to the gas turbine system, and the rear end of the compressor is connected to the compressed air storage tank through the heat exchanger;
压力检测计连接有控制单元，控制单元与压气机和空压机连接，用于根据压力检测计检测到的压力调整压气机尾部抽气量或者调整空压机的工作负荷。The pressure detector is connected to a control unit, and the control unit is connected to the compressor and the air compressor, and is used to adjust the air pumping volume at the rear of the compressor or adjust the workload of the air compressor according to the pressure detected by the pressure detector.
进一步，压气机尾部抽气量占压气机进口空气流量的比例不超过15％。Furthermore, the proportion of air extraction volume at the rear of the compressor to the compressor inlet air flow shall not exceed 15%.
进一步，整体化空分装置还包括空气冷却塔、空气吸附塔、膨胀机、精馏塔、液氮储罐和液氧储罐；Furthermore, the integrated air separation unit also includes air cooling tower, air adsorption tower, expander, distillation tower, liquid nitrogen storage tank and liquid oxygen storage tank;
空压机、压缩空气储罐、空气冷却塔、空气吸附塔、膨胀机、精馏塔经管路依次连接，精馏塔分别与液氮储罐和液氧储罐连接。The air compressor, compressed air storage tank, air cooling tower, air adsorption tower, expander, and distillation tower are connected in sequence through pipelines, and the distillation tower is connected to the liquid nitrogen storage tank and the liquid oxygen storage tank respectively.
进一步，在空压机上还设有减压装置。Furthermore, the air compressor is also equipped with a pressure reducing device.
进一步，空气吸附塔设有两个，均装设有用于吸附水蒸汽、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物的吸附剂，交替使用，其中一个用于吸附水蒸汽、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物时，另一个采用加热氮气反吹的方式对吸附剂进行再生。Furthermore, there are two air adsorption towers, both of which are equipped with adsorbents for adsorbing water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. They are used alternately. When one of them is used to adsorb water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, the other one is heated. The adsorbent is regenerated by nitrogen backflushing.
进一步，煤气化及净化系统包括依次连接的磨煤及输粉系统、气化炉和合成气净化系统，液氮储罐和磨煤及输粉系统连接，液氧储罐和气化炉连接，合成气净化系统与换热器连接。Further, the coal gasification and purification system includes a coal grinding and powder conveying system, a gasifier and a synthesis gas purification system connected in sequence, a liquid nitrogen storage tank is connected to the coal grinding and powder conveying system, a liquid oxygen storage tank is connected to the gasifier, and the synthesis gas The gas purification system is connected to the heat exchanger.
进一步，燃气轮机系统还包括燃烧室、透平和第一发电机，燃烧室的出口与透平连接，透平通过连接轴与压气机和第一发电机连接，换热器经加热器与燃烧室连接。Further, the gas turbine system also includes a combustion chamber, a turbine and a first generator. The outlet of the combustion chamber is connected to the turbine. The turbine is connected to the compressor and the first generator through a connecting shaft. The heat exchanger is connected to the combustion chamber through a heater. .
进一步，余热锅炉和汽轮机系统包括余热锅炉、汽轮机、第二发电机、凝汽器、和给水泵，透平的排气口与余热锅炉的进气口连接，余热锅炉的蒸汽出口与汽轮机连接，汽轮机与第二发电机连接，汽轮机的乏汽出口经冷凝器与给水泵连接，给水泵与余热锅炉的进水口连接。Further, the waste heat boiler and steam turbine system includes a waste heat boiler, a steam turbine, a second generator, a condenser, and a feed water pump. The exhaust port of the turbine is connected to the air inlet of the waste heat boiler, and the steam outlet of the waste heat boiler is connected to the steam turbine. The steam turbine is connected to the second generator, the exhaust steam outlet of the steam turbine is connected to the feed water pump through the condenser, and the feed water pump is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat boiler.
进一步，压缩空气储罐的压力保持在0.6MPa以上。Further, the pressure of the compressed air storage tank is maintained above 0.6MPa.
本发明还公开了基于所述IGCC系统的调节压力的方法，包括以下过程：The invention also discloses a method for adjusting pressure based on the IGCC system, which includes the following processes:
压力检测计实时将压缩空气储罐的压力发送给控制单元，当控制单元判断压缩空气储罐的压力小于预设压力时，控制单元提升压气机尾部抽气量，增加压缩空气储罐中的压力；The pressure detector sends the pressure of the compressed air storage tank to the control unit in real time. When the control unit determines that the pressure of the compressed air storage tank is less than the preset pressure, the control unit increases the air pumping volume at the rear of the compressor to increase the pressure in the compressed air storage tank;
若通过提升压气机尾部抽气量还达不到预设压力时，再提升空压机负荷来保持压缩空气储罐压力稳定。If the air pumping volume at the rear of the compressor still cannot reach the preset pressure, the air compressor load will be increased to maintain stable pressure in the compressed air storage tank.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明公开了一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统，该系统包括整体化空分装置、煤气化及净化系统、燃气轮机系统、余热锅炉和汽轮机系统。本发明特点在于利用燃气轮机压气机尾部抽气作为整体化空分装置的部分原料来源，从而将常规空分装置的空压机改为较小负荷的空压机，可以降低空压机总负荷约13％～30％，可以降低空压机耗能，进而提高IGCC整体发电效率；同时，通过在整体化空分装置与燃气轮机压气机之间加装换热器加热合成气，可以减少燃气轮机压气机抽气与整体化空分装置空压机压缩空气温度之间的差异，提升IGCC整体发电效率；通过在整体化空分装置与燃气轮机压气机之间加装压缩空气储罐，可以平滑由于调峰导致燃气轮机负荷频繁变动带来的抽气压力、流量频繁波动，从而保证整体化空分装置稳定运行。The invention discloses an IGCC system adapted to rapid peak regulation. The system includes an integrated air separation device, a coal gasification and purification system, a gas turbine system, a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine system. The characteristic of the present invention is that the air extraction from the tail of the gas turbine compressor is used as part of the raw material source of the integrated air separation unit, thereby changing the air compressor of the conventional air separation unit to an air compressor with a smaller load, which can reduce the total load of the air compressor by about 13% to 30%, which can reduce the energy consumption of the air compressor, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency of the IGCC; at the same time, by installing a heat exchanger between the integrated air separation unit and the gas turbine compressor to heat the syngas, the gas turbine compressor can be reduced The difference between the compressed air temperature between the air extraction and the air compressor of the integrated air separation unit improves the overall power generation efficiency of IGCC; by installing a compressed air storage tank between the integrated air separation unit and the gas turbine compressor, the peak shaving due to Frequent fluctuations in extraction pressure and flow caused by frequent changes in gas turbine load ensure the stable operation of the integrated air separation unit.
进一步，燃气轮机压气机主要功能还是为燃烧室提供压缩空气，抽气太多，会影响后续燃烧过程，影响后面燃气轮机排气进入余热锅炉的流量，导致余热锅炉蒸汽产量下降过多，影响后续汽轮机出力。为减少压气机抽气对于燃气轮机稳定运行的影响，控制压气机抽气占压气机进口空气流量的比例不超过15％。Furthermore, the main function of the gas turbine compressor is to provide compressed air to the combustion chamber. Excessive air extraction will affect the subsequent combustion process and the flow of exhaust gas from the subsequent gas turbine into the waste heat boiler, resulting in an excessive decrease in the steam output of the waste heat boiler and affecting the output of the subsequent steam turbine. . In order to reduce the impact of compressor extraction on the stable operation of the gas turbine, the proportion of compressor extraction to the compressor inlet air flow is controlled to not exceed 15%.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为采用整体化空分装置的整体煤气化联合循环系统示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an integrated coal gasification combined cycle system using an integrated air separation unit;
图2为压缩空气储罐压力控制逻辑示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pressure control logic of the compressed air storage tank;
图3为空压机负荷随燃气轮机负荷的变化趋势。Figure 3 shows the changing trend of air compressor load with gas turbine load.
其中，11为空压机；12为压缩空气储罐；13为减压装置；14为空气冷却塔；15为空气吸附塔；16为膨胀机；17为精馏塔；18为液氮储罐；19为液氧储罐；21为磨煤及输粉系统；22为气化炉；23为合成气净化系统；31为压气机；32为燃烧室；33为透平；34为第一发电机；35为连接轴；41为余热锅炉；51为汽轮机；52为第二发电机；53为联轴器；54为凝汽器；55为给水泵；61为换热器；62为加热器；Among them, 11 is an air compressor; 12 is a compressed air storage tank; 13 is a pressure reducing device; 14 is an air cooling tower; 15 is an air adsorption tower; 16 is an expander; 17 is a distillation tower; 18 is a liquid nitrogen storage tank ; 19 is the liquid oxygen storage tank; 21 is the coal grinding and powder conveying system; 22 is the gasifier; 23 is the syngas purification system; 31 is the compressor; 32 is the combustion chamber; 33 is the turbine; 34 is the first power generation machine; 35 is the connecting shaft; 41 is the waste heat boiler; 51 is the steam turbine; 52 is the second generator; 53 is the coupling; 54 is the condenser; 55 is the feed water pump; 61 is the heat exchanger; 62 is the heater. ;
101为空气；102为压气机尾部抽气；103为压气机排气；104为冷却的压缩空气；105为空压机排气；106为减压后的压缩空气；107为高温高压排气；108为透平排气；109为余热锅炉排气；111为高压氮气；112为高压氧气；201为煤；202为高压氮气输运的煤粉；203为渣；211为粗合成气；212为净化后的合成气；213为预热后的合成气；301为给水；302为过热蒸汽；303为乏汽；304为凝结水；305为低压蒸汽。101 is air; 102 is air extraction from the rear of the compressor; 103 is compressor exhaust; 104 is cooled compressed air; 105 is air compressor exhaust; 106 is compressed air after decompression; 107 is high temperature and high pressure exhaust; 108 is turbine exhaust; 109 is waste heat boiler exhaust; 111 is high-pressure nitrogen; 112 is high-pressure oxygen; 201 is coal; 202 is pulverized coal transported by high-pressure nitrogen; 203 is slag; 211 is crude syngas; 212 is Purified syngas; 213 is preheated syngas; 301 is feed water; 302 is superheated steam; 303 is spent steam; 304 is condensed water; 305 is low-pressure steam.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are explanations rather than limitations of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明公开了一种适应快速调峰的IGCC系统，包括依次连接的整体化空分装置、煤气化及净化系统、燃气轮机系统、余热锅炉和汽轮机系统。As shown in Figure 1, the present invention discloses an IGCC system adapted to rapid peak shaving, including an integrated air separation unit, a coal gasification and purification system, a gas turbine system, a waste heat boiler and a steam turbine system that are connected in sequence.
整体化空分装置包括依次连接的空压机11、压缩空气储罐12、减压装置13、空气冷却塔14、空气吸附塔15、膨胀机16和精馏塔17，精馏塔17分别与液氮储罐18和液氧储罐19连接。在整体化空分装置中加设压缩空气储罐12，在压缩空气储罐12上安装有压力检测计。The integrated air separation unit includes an air compressor 11, a compressed air storage tank 12, a pressure reducing device 13, an air cooling tower 14, an air adsorption tower 15, an expander 16 and a rectification tower 17, which are connected in sequence. The rectification tower 17 is connected with The liquid nitrogen storage tank 18 and the liquid oxygen storage tank 19 are connected. A compressed air storage tank 12 is added to the integrated air separation device, and a pressure detector is installed on the compressed air storage tank 12 .
燃气轮机系统包括依次连接的换热器61、加热器62、压气机31、燃烧室32、透平33和第一发电机34，透平33通过连接轴35与压气机31和第一发电机34连接。在燃气轮机系统中加设换热器61，压气机31的尾部通过换热器61与压缩空气储罐12连接。The gas turbine system includes a heat exchanger 61, a heater 62, a compressor 31, a combustion chamber 32, a turbine 33 and a first generator 34 connected in sequence. The turbine 33 is connected to the compressor 31 and the first generator 34 through a connecting shaft 35. connect. A heat exchanger 61 is added to the gas turbine system, and the rear end of the compressor 31 is connected to the compressed air storage tank 12 through the heat exchanger 61 .
整体化空分装置工作流程如下，空压机11将空气101压缩为压力不高于1.1MPa，温度不高于120℃的压缩空气，压缩空气即空压机排气105进入压缩空气储罐12存储，同时压气机尾部抽气102经换热器61降温后成为冷却的压缩空气104，冷却的压缩空气104进入压缩空气储罐12存储，压缩空气储罐12设计压力不低于0.6MPa，如果还低于该压力时，提升空压机11负荷，增加空压机排气105的流量以满足压缩空气储罐12设计压力要求。The working process of the integrated air separation unit is as follows. The air compressor 11 compresses the air 101 into compressed air with a pressure not higher than 1.1MPa and a temperature not higher than 120°C. The compressed air, that is, the air compressor exhaust 105, enters the compressed air storage tank 12 At the same time, the exhaust air 102 at the end of the compressor becomes cooled compressed air 104 after being cooled by the heat exchanger 61. The cooled compressed air 104 enters the compressed air storage tank 12 for storage. The design pressure of the compressed air storage tank 12 is not less than 0.6MPa. If When the pressure is still lower than the pressure, the load of the air compressor 11 is increased and the flow rate of the air compressor exhaust 105 is increased to meet the design pressure requirement of the compressed air storage tank 12 .
压缩空气储罐12出口接减压装置13，将压缩空气压力减至不高于0.6MPa输出，温度不高于100℃。减压后的压缩空气106进入空气冷却塔14冷却至10℃，然后进入空气吸附塔15脱除水蒸汽、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物，吸附后，CO2，H2O含量均不大于1ppm，乙炔含量不高于0.1ppm。The outlet of the compressed air storage tank 12 is connected to the pressure reducing device 13, which reduces the compressed air pressure to no higher than 0.6MPa and the output temperature is no higher than 100°C. The decompressed compressed air 106 enters the air cooling tower 14 and is cooled to 10°C, and then enters the air adsorption tower 15 to remove water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. After adsorption, the CO 2 and H 2 O contents are not more than 1 ppm, and the acetylene content is no more than 1 ppm. The content is not higher than 0.1ppm.
空气吸附塔15由两个一样的吸附塔组成，其中一个利用吸附剂吸附水蒸汽、氧化碳和碳氢化合物时，另外一个采用加热氮气反吹对吸附剂进行再生，两个塔交替使用以满足整体化空分装置连续稳定运行要求。The air adsorption tower 15 consists of two identical adsorption towers. One of them uses the adsorbent to adsorb water vapor, oxidized carbon and hydrocarbons, and the other uses heated nitrogen backflushing to regenerate the adsorbent. The two towers are used alternately to meet the requirements. Requirements for continuous and stable operation of integrated air separation plants.
脱除水蒸汽，二氧化碳和碳氢化合物后的压缩空气进入膨胀机16进行绝热等熵膨胀对外做功，消耗空气本身的内能而冷却，冷却后温度为-172℃。冷却后的压缩空气进入精馏塔17精馏后分离为液氮、液氧，分别进入液氮储罐18和液氧储罐19储存。最终，高压氮气111和高压氧气112分别由液氮和液氧自液氮储罐18和液氧储罐19气化加压而来，进入IGCC其它系统使用。整体化空分装置具体工艺要求出口氮气，氧气纯度不低于99％，压力不低于4.5MPa。The compressed air after removing water vapor, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons enters the expander 16 and performs adiabatic isentropic expansion to perform external work, consuming the internal energy of the air itself and cooling. After cooling, the temperature is -172°C. The cooled compressed air enters the rectification tower 17 and is separated into liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen after rectification, and then enters the liquid nitrogen storage tank 18 and the liquid oxygen storage tank 19 for storage respectively. Finally, high-pressure nitrogen 111 and high-pressure oxygen 112 are gasified and pressurized from liquid nitrogen and liquid oxygen respectively from the liquid nitrogen storage tank 18 and the liquid oxygen storage tank 19, and enter other IGCC systems for use. The specific process of the integrated air separation unit requires outlet nitrogen, oxygen purity not less than 99%, and pressure not less than 4.5MPa.
由于气流床气化炉22单炉容量大，可用率高，变负荷能力强，冷煤气效率和碳转化率较高，采用液态排渣，有利于环境保护和资源综合利用等优势，煤气化工艺优选气流床气化工艺。如图1所示，煤气化及净化系统包括依次连接的磨煤及输粉系统21、气化炉22和合成气净化系统23，液氮储罐18和磨煤及输粉系统21连接，液氧储罐19和气化炉22连接，合成气净化系统23与换热器61连接。Due to the large single furnace capacity of the entrained bed gasifier 22, high availability, strong variable load capability, high cold gas efficiency and carbon conversion rate, and the use of liquid slag discharge, which is conducive to environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, the coal gasification process The entrained bed gasification process is preferred. As shown in Figure 1, the coal gasification and purification system includes a coal grinding and powder conveying system 21, a gasifier 22 and a syngas purification system 23 connected in sequence. The liquid nitrogen storage tank 18 is connected to the coal grinding and powder conveying system 21. The oxygen storage tank 19 is connected to the gasification furnace 22 , and the syngas purification system 23 is connected to the heat exchanger 61 .
煤气化及净化系统工作流程如下，煤201进入磨煤及输粉系统21将被研磨至细度R90小于0.2，再由自整体化空分装置来的高压氮气111输运进入气化炉22。在气化炉22中，由高压氮气输运的煤粉202与来自整体化空分装置的高压氧气112发生气化反应，生成以CO和H2为主要组分的高温粗合成气211，还产生H2S、NH3等杂质。煤粉202气化后产生的液态渣203从气化炉22下部排渣系统排出。气化炉22产生的高温粗合成气211经合成气净化系统23脱除飞灰及H2S，NH3等杂质，此时，合成气温度降为约130℃。净化后的合成气212经换热器61由自燃气轮机压气机31尾部抽取的高温高压空气102加热。由于燃气轮机压气机尾部抽气102流量、温度、压力均受燃气轮机负荷变动影响较大，导致换热器61出口合成气温度难以保持在一个较窄的范围，同时，为了进一步提升进入燃烧室32的合成气温度以提升进入燃气轮机透平33的燃气初温来提高燃气轮机效率，净化后的合成气212经换热器61加热后，仍需要经过加热器62进一步提高至约215℃。合成气在加热器62中被加热的热量来源于余热锅炉41的部分低压蒸汽305。预热后的合成气213最终进入燃烧室32。The working flow of the coal gasification and purification system is as follows. Coal 201 enters the coal grinding and powder conveying system 21 and will be ground to a fineness R90 of less than 0.2, and then is transported into the gasifier 22 by the high-pressure nitrogen 111 from the integrated air separation unit. In the gasifier 22, the pulverized coal 202 transported by high-pressure nitrogen reacts with the high-pressure oxygen 112 from the integrated air separation unit to generate high-temperature rough synthesis gas 211 with CO and H 2 as the main components. Impurities such as H 2 S and NH 3 are produced. The liquid slag 203 produced after the pulverized coal 202 is gasified is discharged from the slag discharge system at the bottom of the gasification furnace 22 . The high-temperature crude syngas 211 generated by the gasifier 22 passes through the syngas purification system 23 to remove fly ash, H 2 S, NH 3 and other impurities. At this time, the syngas temperature drops to about 130°C. The purified syngas 212 is heated by the high-temperature and high-pressure air 102 extracted from the tail of the gas turbine compressor 31 through the heat exchanger 61 . Since the flow rate, temperature and pressure of the exhaust air 102 at the end of the gas turbine compressor are greatly affected by changes in the gas turbine load, it is difficult to maintain the temperature of the syngas at the outlet of the heat exchanger 61 within a narrow range. At the same time, in order to further increase the temperature of the syngas entering the combustion chamber 32 The temperature of the syngas is increased by increasing the initial temperature of the gas entering the gas turbine turbine 33 to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine. After the purified syngas 212 is heated by the heat exchanger 61, it still needs to be further increased to about 215°C by the heater 62. The heat that the syngas is heated in the heater 62 comes from part of the low-pressure steam 305 of the waste heat boiler 41 . The preheated syngas 213 finally enters the combustion chamber 32 .
如图1所示，燃气轮机系统工作流程如下，经过滤的空气101进入压气机31被压缩，压气机31压比优选12，压气机31级数可以在15-17级之间，优选17级。As shown in Figure 1, the working flow of the gas turbine system is as follows. The filtered air 101 enters the compressor 31 and is compressed. The pressure ratio of the compressor 31 is preferably 12. The number of stages of the compressor 31 can be between 15-17, preferably 17.
由表1可见，为保证任何负荷下，压气机尾部抽气102压力不低于0.6MPa，抽气位置宜选择在压气机31末级或倒数第二级，此时，压气机尾部抽气102温度远高于整体化空分装置空气冷却塔14所需进口压缩空气温度100℃，可以将压气机尾部抽气102经换热器61冷却后再进入压缩空气储罐12。在换热器61中，压气机尾部抽气102用来加热净化后的合成气212，交换的热量由净化后的合成气212回收带入燃烧室32直至透平33做功输出，以提升燃气轮机效率。在燃烧室32中，预热后的合成气213与来自压气机31的压气机排气103混合燃烧产生高温高压排气107，推动透平33叶片旋转经连接轴35输出机械功，第一发电机34将连接轴35输出的机械功转化为电能，透平排气108进入余热锅炉41。As can be seen from Table 1, in order to ensure that the pressure of the air pumping 102 at the rear of the compressor is not less than 0.6MPa under any load, the air pumping position should be selected at the last stage or the penultimate stage of the compressor 31. At this time, the air pumping 102 at the rear of the compressor The temperature is much higher than the required inlet compressed air temperature of 100°C for the air cooling tower 14 of the integrated air separation unit. The exhaust air 102 at the end of the compressor can be cooled by the heat exchanger 61 and then enter the compressed air storage tank 12 . In the heat exchanger 61, the exhaust air 102 at the end of the compressor is used to heat the purified syngas 212. The exchanged heat is recovered from the purified syngas 212 and brought into the combustion chamber 32 until the turbine 33 generates power output to improve the efficiency of the gas turbine. . In the combustion chamber 32, the preheated syngas 213 is mixed and burned with the compressor exhaust gas 103 from the compressor 31 to produce high-temperature and high-pressure exhaust gas 107, which drives the blades of the turbine 33 to rotate and output mechanical power through the connecting shaft 35. The first power generation The machine 34 converts the mechanical work output by the connecting shaft 35 into electrical energy, and the turbine exhaust gas 108 enters the waste heat boiler 41.
表1Table 1
如图1所示，余热锅炉41和汽轮机51系统包括余热锅炉41、汽轮机51、第二发电机52、凝汽器54、和给水泵55，透平33的排气口与余热锅炉41的进气口连接，余热锅炉41的蒸汽出口与汽轮机51连接，汽轮机51与第二发电机52连接，汽轮机51的乏汽出口经冷凝器与给水泵55连接，给水泵55与余热锅炉41的进水口连接。As shown in Figure 1, the waste heat boiler 41 and steam turbine 51 system includes a waste heat boiler 41, a steam turbine 51, a second generator 52, a condenser 54, and a feed water pump 55. The exhaust port of the turbine 33 is connected to the inlet of the waste heat boiler 41. The steam outlet of the waste heat boiler 41 is connected to the steam turbine 51, the steam turbine 51 is connected to the second generator 52, the exhaust steam outlet of the steam turbine 51 is connected to the feed water pump 55 through the condenser, and the feed water pump 55 is connected to the water inlet of the waste heat boiler 41. connect.
余热锅炉和汽轮机系统工作流程如下：The working process of waste heat boiler and steam turbine system is as follows:
余热锅炉41利用燃气轮机透平排气108加热给水301，成为过热蒸汽302，换热后的余热锅炉排气109进入大气。汽轮机51利用过热蒸汽302驱动叶片旋转，通过联轴器53带动第二发电机52转子旋转，首先将过热蒸汽302的热能转化为旋转机械能，最终通过电磁感应转化为电能输出。释放出热能的乏汽303由汽轮机51排出，在凝汽器54内部凝结成为冷凝水304，再由给水泵55加压输送至余热锅炉41完成蒸汽循环。The waste heat boiler 41 uses the gas turbine turbine exhaust 108 to heat the feed water 301 to become superheated steam 302. The heat exchanged waste heat boiler exhaust 109 enters the atmosphere. The steam turbine 51 uses the superheated steam 302 to drive the blades to rotate, and drives the rotor of the second generator 52 to rotate through the coupling 53. The thermal energy of the superheated steam 302 is first converted into rotating mechanical energy, and finally converted into electrical energy output through electromagnetic induction. The spent steam 303 that releases thermal energy is discharged from the steam turbine 51, condenses into condensed water 304 inside the condenser 54, and is then pressurized and transported to the waste heat boiler 41 by the feed water pump 55 to complete the steam cycle.
如图2所示，空气冷却塔14要求进口原料气压力不低于0.6MPa，所以要保持压缩空气储罐12压力稳定大于0.6MPa，当判断压缩空气储罐12压力小于0.625MPa时，先尝试提升燃气轮机压气机尾部抽气量，如若不行，再提升空压机11负荷来保持压缩空气储罐12压力稳定。空压机11的负荷曲线可按如图3所示随燃气轮机负荷调整以保持压缩空气储罐12压力不低于0.6MPa。As shown in Figure 2, the air cooling tower 14 requires the pressure of the imported raw gas to be no less than 0.6MPa, so the pressure of the compressed air storage tank 12 must be kept stable and greater than 0.6MPa. When it is judged that the pressure of the compressed air storage tank 12 is less than 0.625MPa, try first Increase the exhaust volume at the rear of the gas turbine compressor. If this fails, increase the load of the air compressor 11 to keep the pressure of the compressed air storage tank 12 stable. The load curve of the air compressor 11 can be adjusted according to the gas turbine load as shown in Figure 3 to maintain the pressure of the compressed air storage tank 12 not less than 0.6MPa.
虽然IGCC用于快速调峰时负荷频繁波动，导致在传统(无压缩空气储罐12)整体化空分装置入口原料气流量、温度、压力频繁波动，但是采用压缩空气储罐12后可以保持整体化空分装置入口原料气流量、温度、压力基本稳定。Although the load of IGCC fluctuates frequently when used for rapid peak shaving, resulting in frequent fluctuations in raw gas flow, temperature, and pressure at the inlet of the traditional (without compressed air storage tank 12) integrated air separation unit, the use of compressed air storage tank 12 can maintain the integrity The flow rate, temperature and pressure of the feed gas at the entrance of the chemical air separation unit are basically stable.
在快速提升或者降低燃气轮机负荷时，即燃气轮机负荷变化速率大于3％额定负荷/min时，由于整个整体化空分装置有大量的气体滞留，其负荷调整存在一定的滞后性，空压机11的负荷调整在按图3所示调整时需要预留一定提前量或者滞后量。When the gas turbine load is rapidly increased or decreased, that is, when the gas turbine load change rate is greater than 3% of the rated load/min, there is a certain hysteresis in the load adjustment due to a large amount of gas retention in the entire integrated air separation unit. The air compressor 11 When adjusting the load as shown in Figure 3, a certain amount of advance or lag needs to be reserved.
从图3可以看出，空压机11负荷与燃气轮机负荷不是1：1关系，比如，压气机31负荷60％，空压机11负荷才40％，也就是燃气轮机负荷调整与空压机11负荷调整不是比例关系，为了保证调节迅速，可以超调，即提前或者滞后。As can be seen from Figure 3, the relationship between the load of air compressor 11 and the load of gas turbine is not 1:1. For example, the load of compressor 31 is 60%, and the load of air compressor 11 is only 40%. That is, the gas turbine load adjustment and the load of air compressor 11 Adjustment is not a proportional relationship. In order to ensure rapid adjustment, it can be overshoot, that is, advance or lag.
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