CN113579194A - Light alloy product - Google Patents
Light alloy product Download PDFInfo
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- CN113579194A CN113579194A CN202110799993.3A CN202110799993A CN113579194A CN 113579194 A CN113579194 A CN 113579194A CN 202110799993 A CN202110799993 A CN 202110799993A CN 113579194 A CN113579194 A CN 113579194A
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- 229910001234 light alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical group C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012056 semi-solid material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002680 magnesium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 wherein Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/28—Melting pots
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/30—Accessories for supplying molten metal, e.g. in rations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C47/00—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C47/08—Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould
- C22C47/12—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/02—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the matrix material
- C22C49/04—Light metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C49/00—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments
- C22C49/14—Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a light alloy product, which is characterized in that the light alloy product is prepared by melting, mixing and injection molding solid magnesium alloy raw materials and modified materials through a whole machine. The light alloy product is prepared by melting, mixing and injection molding of solid magnesium alloy raw materials and modified materials through a whole machine device, effectively avoids the risk of oxidation of the magnesium alloy raw materials in the whole manufacturing process, ensures the stability of product performance, and is easy to obtain the light alloy product with higher product quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a metal product, in particular to a light alloy product.
Background
The light alloy, also called light alloy, mainly refers to titanium alloy, magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy, wherein, magnesium alloy density is low, specific strength is large, heat dispersion and thermal stability are better than aluminum alloy, it is a new light alloy material with development prospect, and it is widely used in the fields of aerospace, 3C electronics, automobile manufacturing, etc.
However, because of the property problem of magnesium alloy, the plasticity and corrosion resistance are poor, the magnesium alloy must be doped and modified to produce a light alloy product meeting the requirements, and at present, aiming at the production of the light alloy product with the main raw material of magnesium alloy, the magnesium alloy raw material is generally melted into liquid, then the modified material is added into the magnesium alloy liquid, the mixture is stirred, mixed and cooled into a semi-solid material, and then the semi-solid material is die-cast to obtain the required light alloy product. The light alloy product taking the magnesium alloy as the main raw material has the disadvantages of complicated manufacturing steps and complex operation, the magnesium alloy is very easy to oxidize and difficult to uniformly mix when being melted into liquid and mixed with the modified material, and the modified material is easy to agglomerate in the mixing process, so that the components in the semi-solid material are easy to be non-uniform and easy to segregate, the stability and consistency of the prepared light alloy product are poor, and the high-quality product is difficult to obtain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a light alloy product with stable performance and higher quality.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a light alloy product is prepared from solid magnesium alloy and modified material through fusing, mixing and injection moulding.
The modified material is at least one of ceramic powder, graphene, rare earth metal and carbon fiber or glass fiber.
The modifying material is ceramic powder with the grain diameter of 0.1-15 mu m, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the ceramic powder is 100: 1-4: 1. The ceramic powder has good dispersibility, within the content range, the ceramic powder can be fully and uniformly mixed with the magnesium alloy shearing material, a uniform molten object can be formed in the melting process, and the excessive ceramic powder can not only reduce the dispersibility, but also increase the brittleness of the modified magnesium alloy.
The modified material is graphene, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the graphene is 1000:1 to 20: 1. The graphene can change the structure of the magnesium alloy, and simultaneously effectively improve the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy, and is most appropriate in the content range, but the graphene has very strong agglomeration property, and excessive graphene can cause the magnesium alloy material to be incapable of being molded.
The modified material is rare earth metal, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the rare earth metal is 1000:1 to 100: 1. The modified material adopts rare earth metal, can effectively change the structure of the formed magnesium alloy, thereby improving the performance of the magnesium alloy, is most proper in the content range, and can generate segregation when the content of the rare earth metal is higher, thereby generating harmful phase and further influencing the performance of the formed magnesium alloy.
The modified material is carbon fiber or glass fiber, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the carbon fiber or the glass fiber is 1000:1 to 20: 1. The carbon fiber and the glass fiber can regulate and control the toughness and the strength of the magnesium alloy in an applicable environment under the condition of not changing the inherent chemical properties of the alloy, and obviously reduce the cost of modifying the magnesium alloy.
The forming method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: melting and mixing a solid magnesium alloy raw material and a modified material in proportion by the whole equipment to form semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected;
(2) and (3) injection: injecting the semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected into a mold cavity through the whole equipment;
(3) and molding the die cavity to obtain the light alloy product.
The whole machine equipment adopted by the molding method comprises an injection tube with an injection cavity, a screw rod is arranged in the injection cavity in a rotatable and movable back and forth manner, a hopper communicated with the injection tube and used for feeding is arranged on the injection tube, and a heating device is arranged outside the cylinder body of the injection tube;
the specific process of molding by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) uniformly stirring a solid magnesium alloy raw material and a modified material according to a ratio to form a mixture;
(1-2) advancing the screw to make the whole screw positioned in the injection cavity, vacuumizing the hopper, and controlling the gas pressure in the hopper to be 5 x 10-2Below Pa, filling the mixture into a hopper, enabling the mixture to enter a conveying area with the temperature controlled between 450 ℃ and 585 ℃ in an injection cavity through the hopper, pushing the mixture in the conveying area to a melting and metering mixing area with the temperature controlled between 600 ℃ and 625 ℃ in the injection cavity by rotating a screw rod, and shearing the mixture by the screw rodMelting the mixture in a melting and metering mixing area into semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping feeding by a hopper when the amount of the slurry to be injected reaches the storage amount set value, stopping rotating and retreating a screw rod, and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection: the screw rod moves forward, and the semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected obtained by mixing is injected into a die cavity through a nozzle on the injection cylinder;
(3) and molding the die cavity to obtain the light alloy product.
The light alloy product prepared by the complete machine equipment and the method has the following advantages: (1) the alloy can be modified and formed integrally, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the yield is improved; (2) the modified light alloy prepared by the equipment and the method can regulate and control the component ratio of the modified material and the alloy at will, and can quickly change the feeding ratio along with the product requirement; (3) the mechanical property of the modified light alloy prepared by the equipment and the method can be greatly improved, and compared with the existing light alloy material, the applicable service environment of the modified light alloy is wider and more harsh; (4) the light alloy is modified, the difficulty lies in whether the modified material has good dispersibility, and the equipment can fully stir the magnesium alloy to be modified and the alloy modified material, so that the dispersibility is well improved; (5) in the whole process from the beginning to the injection molding, the chance of contacting with the outside air basically does not exist, so that the whole preparation process does not need to use other gas for protection, the gas entrainment phenomenon does not exist in the whole injection process, and the porosity of the product can be effectively reduced.
The whole machine equipment adopted by the molding method comprises a mixing device and an injection device;
the mixing device comprises a mixing barrel with a mixing cavity, a hopper communicated with the mixing cavity and used for feeding is arranged on the mixing barrel, at least one screw rod is rotatably arranged in the mixing cavity, and a heating device is arranged outside the barrel body of the mixing barrel;
the injection device comprises an injection tube with an injection cavity, a push rod is arranged in the injection cavity in a back-and-forth moving manner, and a heating device is arranged outside the tube body of the injection tube;
the mixing cavity is communicated with the injection cylinder through a closed feeding channel, a heating device is arranged outside the feeding channel, and a one-way valve is arranged in the feeding channel;
the specific process of molding by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) vacuumizing the hopper, and controlling the gas pressure in the hopper to be 5 x 10-2Below Pa, filling a magnesium alloy to-be-processed raw material and a modified material into a hopper through a quantitative feeding device, enabling the two materials to enter a mixing cavity through the hopper, rotating a screw, controlling the temperature of a conveying area for preheating the two materials in the mixing cavity to be 450-585 ℃, controlling the temperature of a melting area and a mixing area for melting and mixing the two materials in the mixing cavity to be 600-625 ℃, and melting, shearing and mixing the two materials in a mixing cylinder to form uniform semi-solid or liquid to-be-injection-molded slurry under the driving of the rotation of the screw along with the continuous increase of the materials;
(1-2) opening the one-way valve, continuously rotating the screw rod, keeping stirring of the slurry to be injected, and allowing the slurry to be injected to enter an injection cavity of an injection cylinder with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ through a feeding channel with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ under the rotation action of the screw rod along with the continuous increase of the material;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping rotation of the screw when the slurry to be injected in the injection cavity reaches the storage amount set value, closing the one-way valve, and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection:
(2-1) in the front injection section, pushing a push rod in a high-speed low-pressure mode, and injecting the slurry to be injected in the injection tube into the mold cavity through a nozzle on the injection tube;
(2-2) when the mold cavity is about to be filled or is filled, controlling the push rod to continue to advance in a high-pressure low-speed mode, continuing to push the slurry to be injected into the mold cavity, and entering a pressure maintaining state;
(3) and molding the die cavity to obtain the light alloy product.
The whole machine equipment using the structure has the following advantages:
(1) the arrangement of the mixing barrel provides a material storage effect while realizing uniform mixing, and only the injection barrel needs to be enlarged for the injection manufacturing of a light alloy product with large gram weight;
(2) in the whole working process, the screw rod in the mixing barrel only rotates and does not move backwards, so that stable output of the semi-solid slurry can be realized;
(3) by arranging the mixing barrel, materials entering the mixing cavity through the hopper are mixed, sheared and melted by rotating a screw rod arranged in the mixing barrel, so that the materials are fully mixed to form slurry with better uniformity and consistency, modified materials can be added on line in the mixing and storing processes, and the modification can be carried out along with the production, so that a light alloy product with better performance can be obtained;
(4) in the whole process from the beginning to the injection molding, the chance of contacting with the outside air basically does not exist, so that the whole preparation process does not need to use other gas for protection, the gas entrainment phenomenon does not exist in the whole injection process, and the porosity of the product can be effectively reduced.
The size of the magnesium alloy raw material is 1mm multiplied by 2mm multiplied by 5 mm. The processing with the size can ensure that the modified material and the material to be modified are mixed more fully and melted more uniformly.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the light alloy product is prepared by melting, mixing and injection molding of solid magnesium alloy raw materials and modified materials through a whole machine device, and through the whole machine device, in the whole manufacturing process, the opportunity of contacting with the outside air basically does not exist, so that the risk of oxidation of the magnesium alloy raw materials is effectively avoided, and the whole preparation process does not need to use other gas for protection, so that the gas entrainment phenomenon does not exist in the injection process, the porosity of the product can be effectively reduced, the stability of the product performance is ensured, the light alloy product with higher product quality is easy to obtain, the yield strength of the light alloy product prepared by the injection molding method can be improved by more than 10 percent, the maximum tensile strength can be improved by 20 percent, the elongation can be improved by 3-5 percent, the uniformity is stronger, and the corrosion resistance can be greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a complete machine apparatus adopted in the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole equipment adopted in the second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in figure 1, the light alloy product is prepared by melting, mixing and injection molding solid magnesium alloy raw materials and modified materials through a whole machine.
In this embodiment, the magnesium alloy material is provided with a designation of AZ91 or AM60 or other designations with similar properties.
In this particular example, the dimensions of the magnesium alloy raw material were 1mm × 2mm × 5 mm. The processing with the size can ensure that the modified material and the material to be modified are mixed more fully and melted more uniformly.
In this particular embodiment, the modifier is at least one of ceramic powder, graphene, rare earth metal, and carbon or glass fibers.
In this embodiment, the whole machine used for molding comprises an injection cylinder A1 with an injection cavity A11, a screw A12 is rotatably and movably arranged in the injection cavity A11 back and forth, a hopper A2 communicated with the injection cylinder A1 and used for feeding is arranged on the injection cylinder A1, and a heating device (not shown) is arranged outside the cylinder body of the injection cylinder A1;
the specific process of forming by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) uniformly stirring a solid magnesium alloy raw material and a modified material according to a ratio to form a mixture;
(1-2) advancing the screw A12 to make it wholly located in the injection chamber A11, evacuating the hopper A2, and controlling the gas pressure in the hopper A2 at 5X 10-2Below Pa, filling the mixture into a hopper A2, enabling the mixture to enter a conveying area with the temperature controlled between 450 ℃ and 585 ℃ in an injection cavity A11 through the hopper A2, pushing the mixture in the conveying area to a melting and metering mixing area with the temperature controlled between 600 ℃ and 625 ℃ in the injection cavity A11 by rotating a screw A12, and melting the mixture into semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injection-molded in the melting and metering mixing area under the shearing action of a screw A12;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping feeding by a hopper A2 when the amount of the slurry to be injection-molded reaches the storage amount set value, stopping rotating and retreating a screw A12, and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection: the screw A12 advances, and the semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected obtained by mixing is injected into a die cavity through a nozzle on the injection cylinder A1;
(3) and molding the mold cavity Q to obtain a light alloy product.
The light alloy product prepared by the complete machine equipment and the method has the following advantages: (1) the alloy can be modified and formed integrally, so that the working efficiency is improved, and the yield is improved; (2) the modified light alloy prepared by the equipment and the method can regulate and control the component ratio of the modified material and the alloy at will, and can quickly change the feeding ratio along with the product requirement; (3) the mechanical property of the modified light alloy prepared by the equipment and the method can be greatly improved, and compared with the existing light alloy material, the applicable service environment of the modified light alloy is wider and more harsh; (4) the light alloy is modified, the difficulty lies in whether the modified material has good dispersibility, and the equipment can fully stir the magnesium alloy to be modified and the alloy modified material, so that the dispersibility is well improved; (5) in the whole process from the beginning to the injection molding, the chance of contacting with the outside air basically does not exist, so that the whole preparation process does not need to use other gas for protection, the gas entrainment phenomenon does not exist in the whole injection process, and the porosity of the product can be effectively reduced.
Example two: as shown in fig. 2, the other parts are the same as the first embodiment, and the difference is that the whole machine equipment used for molding comprises a mixing device and an injection device;
the mixing device comprises a mixing barrel B1 with a mixing cavity B11, a hopper B2 which is communicated with the mixing cavity B11 and used for feeding is arranged on the mixing barrel B1, at least one screw B12 is rotatably arranged in the mixing cavity B11, and a heating device R is arranged outside the barrel body of the mixing barrel B1;
the injection device comprises an injection tube B3 with an injection cavity B31, a push rod B32 is arranged in the injection cavity B31 in a way of moving back and forth, and a heating device R is arranged outside the barrel body of the injection tube B3;
the mixing cavity B11 is communicated with the injection tube B3 through a closed feeding channel B4, a heating device R is arranged outside the feeding channel B4, and a one-way valve B5 is arranged in the feeding channel B4;
the specific process of forming by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) evacuating hopper B2, controlling the gas pressure in hopper B2 at 5X 10-2Below Pa, filling a magnesium alloy to-be-processed raw material and a modified material into a hopper B2 through a quantitative feeding device, enabling the two materials to enter a mixing cavity B11 through a hopper B2, rotating a screw B12, controlling the temperature of a conveying area for preheating the two materials in the mixing cavity B11 to be 450-585 ℃, controlling the temperature of a melting area and a mixing area for melting and mixing the two materials in the mixing cavity B11 to be 600-625 ℃, and melting, shearing and mixing the two materials in a mixing cylinder B1 to form uniform semi-solid or liquid to-be-molded slurry under the driving of the rotation of a screw B12 along with the continuous increase of the materials;
(1-2) opening a one-way valve B5, continuously rotating a screw B12, keeping stirring of the slurry to be injected, and allowing the slurry to be injected to enter an injection cavity B31 of an injection cylinder B3 with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ through a feeding channel B4 with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ under the rotation action of a screw B12 along with the continuous increase of the material;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping rotation of a screw B12 when the slurry to be injected in an injection cavity B31 reaches the storage amount set value, closing a one-way valve and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection:
(2-1) in the front injection section, the push rod B32 is pushed in a high-speed low-pressure mode to inject the slurry to be injected in the injection tube B3 into the mold cavity through the nozzle on the injection tube B3;
(2-2) when the mold cavity is about to be filled or is filled, controlling the push rod B32 to continue to advance in a high-pressure low-speed mode, continuing to push the slurry to be molded into the mold cavity, and entering a pressure maintaining state;
(3) and molding the mold cavity Q to obtain a light alloy product.
The whole machine equipment using the structure has the following advantages:
(1) the mixing barrel B1 is arranged, so that the material storage function is provided while uniform mixing is realized, and only the injection barrel B3 needs to be enlarged for injection manufacturing of a light alloy product with high gram weight;
(2) in the whole working process, the screw B12 in the mixing barrel B1 only rotates and does not move backwards, so that stable output of semi-solid slurry can be realized;
(3) by arranging the mixing barrel B1 and rotating the screw B12 arranged in the mixing barrel B1, the materials entering the mixing cavity B11 through the hopper are mixed, sheared and melted, the materials are fully mixed to form slurry with better uniformity and consistency, the modified materials can be added on line in the mixing and storing processes, the modification along with the production is realized, and the light alloy product with better performance is obtained;
(4) in the whole process from the beginning to the injection molding, the chance of contacting with the outside air basically does not exist, so that the whole preparation process does not need to use other gas for protection, the gas entrainment phenomenon does not exist in the whole injection process, and the porosity of the product can be effectively reduced.
Example three: the other parts are the same as the first or second embodiment, and the difference is that the modifying material is ceramic powder with the grain diameter of 0.1-15 μm, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the ceramic powder is 100: 1-4: 1. The ceramic powder has good dispersibility, within the content range, the ceramic powder can be fully and uniformly mixed with the magnesium alloy shearing material, a uniform molten object can be formed in the melting process, and the excessive ceramic powder can not only reduce the dispersibility, but also increase the brittleness of the modified magnesium alloy.
Example four: the other parts are the same as the first or second embodiment, and the difference is that the modified material is graphene, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the graphene is between 1000:1 and 20: 1. The graphene can change the structure of the magnesium alloy, and simultaneously effectively improve the mechanical property of the magnesium alloy, and is most appropriate in the content range, but the graphene has very strong agglomeration property, and excessive graphene can cause the magnesium alloy material to be incapable of being molded.
Example five: the other parts are the same as the first or second embodiment, the difference is that the modifier is rare earth metal (such as Gd, Ce and Y or other rare earth metals with the same performance), and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the rare earth metal is between 1000:1 and 100: 1. The modified material adopts rare earth metal, can effectively change the structure of the formed magnesium alloy, thereby improving the performance of the magnesium alloy, is most proper in the content range, and can generate segregation when the content of the rare earth metal is higher, thereby generating harmful phase and further influencing the performance of the formed magnesium alloy.
Example six: the other parts are the same as the first or second embodiment, and the difference is that the modified material is carbon fiber or glass fiber, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the carbon fiber or the glass fiber is between 1000:1 and 20: 1. The carbon fiber and the glass fiber can regulate and control the toughness and the strength of the magnesium alloy in an applicable environment under the condition of not changing the inherent chemical properties of the alloy, and obviously reduce the cost of modifying the magnesium alloy.
Combining the above examples, the light alloy products made by different methods and different material formulations showed the following yield strength and tensile strength properties:
| material | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) |
| AM60 | 146 | 281 |
| AM60+5%SiC（10μm） | 157 | 244 |
| AZ91 | 177 | 291 |
| AZ91+5%SiC（0.5μm） | 212 | 267 |
| AZ91+5%SiC（10μm） | 194 | 259 |
| EA42 | 128.5 | 273 |
| EA42+5%SiC（10μm） | 130 | 236 |
| AZ91+0.8%Y | 169 | 299 |
| AZ91+1% graphene | 214 | 265 |
| AZ91+5% glass fiber | 162 | 301 |
Claims (10)
1. A light alloy product is characterized in that the light alloy product is prepared by melting, mixing and injection molding solid magnesium alloy raw materials and modified materials through a whole machine.
2. A light alloy product according to claim 1, wherein the modifier is at least one of ceramic powder, graphene, rare earth metal and carbon or glass fibre.
3. A light alloy product according to claim 2, wherein said modifier is a ceramic powder having a particle size of 0.1 μm to 15 μm, and the mass ratio of said magnesium alloy raw material to said ceramic powder is 100:1 to 4: 1.
4. A light alloy product according to claim 2, wherein the modifier is graphene, and the mass ratio of the magnesium alloy raw material to the graphene is between 1000:1 and 20: 1.
5. A light alloy product according to claim 2, wherein said modifier is a rare earth metal, and the mass ratio of said magnesium alloy source material to said rare earth metal is between 1000:1 and 100: 1.
6. A light alloy product according to claim 2, wherein said modifier is carbon fiber or glass fiber, and the mass ratio of said magnesium alloy raw material to said carbon fiber or glass fiber is between 1000:1 and 20: 1.
7. A light alloy product according to claim 1, characterized in that said forming comprises the following specific steps:
(1) mixing raw materials: melting and mixing a solid magnesium alloy raw material and a modified material in proportion by the whole equipment to form semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected;
(2) and (3) injection: injecting the semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected into a mold cavity through the whole equipment;
(3) and molding the die cavity to obtain the light alloy product.
8. A light alloy product as claimed in claim 7, wherein the forming method uses a complete machine comprising an injection cylinder having an injection cavity, a screw rod is rotatably and movably disposed in the injection cavity, a hopper for feeding material is disposed on the injection cylinder and is communicated with the injection cylinder, and a heating device is disposed outside the cylinder of the injection cylinder;
the specific process of molding by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) uniformly stirring a solid magnesium alloy raw material and a modified material according to a ratio to form a mixture;
(1-2) advancing the screw to make the whole screw positioned in the injection cavity, vacuumizing the hopper, and controlling the gas pressure in the hopper to be 5 x 10-2Below Pa, filling the mixture into a hopper, feeding the mixture into a conveying area of an injection cavity through the hopper, wherein the temperature of the conveying area is controlled between 450 ℃ and 585 ℃,the screw rotates to push the mixture in the conveying area to a melting and metering mixing area with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ in an injection cavity, and the mixture is melted into semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected in the melting and metering mixing area under the shearing action of the screw;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping feeding by a hopper when the amount of the slurry to be injected reaches the storage amount set value, stopping rotating and retreating a screw rod, and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection: the screw rod moves forward, and the semi-solid or liquid slurry to be injected obtained by mixing is injected into a die cavity through a nozzle on the injection cylinder;
(3) and molding the die cavity, and cooling to obtain the light alloy product.
9. A light alloy product as claimed in claim 7, wherein the forming method uses complete equipment including a mixing device and an injection device;
the mixing device comprises a mixing barrel with a mixing cavity, a hopper communicated with the mixing cavity and used for feeding is arranged on the mixing barrel, at least one screw rod is rotatably arranged in the mixing cavity, and a heating device is arranged outside the barrel body of the mixing barrel;
the injection device comprises an injection tube with an injection cavity, a push rod is arranged in the injection cavity in a back-and-forth moving manner, and a heating device is arranged outside the tube body of the injection tube;
the mixing cavity is communicated with the injection cylinder through a closed feeding channel, a heating device is arranged outside the feeding channel, and a one-way valve is arranged in the feeding channel;
the specific process of molding by adopting the whole machine equipment is as follows:
(1) mixing raw materials:
(1-1) vacuumizing the hopper, and controlling the gas pressure in the hopper to be 5 x 10-2Pa or less, adding magnesiumThe method comprises the following steps that alloy to-be-molded raw materials and modified materials are filled into a hopper through a quantitative feeding device, the two materials enter a mixing cavity through the hopper, a screw rotates, the temperature of a conveying area for preheating the two materials in the mixing cavity is controlled to be 450-585 ℃, the temperature of a melting area and a mixing area for melting and mixing the two materials in the mixing cavity is controlled to be 600-625 ℃, and the two materials are melted, sheared and mixed in a mixing barrel to form uniform semi-solid or liquid to-be-molded slurry under the driving of the rotation of the screw along with the continuous increase of the materials;
(1-2) opening the one-way valve, continuously rotating the screw rod, keeping stirring of the slurry to be injected, and allowing the slurry to be injected to enter an injection cavity of an injection cylinder with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ through a feeding channel with the temperature controlled at 600-625 ℃ under the rotation action of the screw rod along with the continuous increase of the material;
(1-3) setting a storage amount set value for the whole machine according to the weight of a product to be produced, stopping rotation of the screw when the slurry to be injected in the injection cavity reaches the storage amount set value, closing the one-way valve, and preparing to enter an injection process;
(2) and (3) injection:
(2-1) injecting the slurry to be injected in the injection tube into the mold cavity through a nozzle on the injection tube by a push rod in a propelling mode of a high-speed low-pressure method at the front injection section;
(2-2) when the mold cavity is about to be filled or is filled, controlling the push rod to continue to advance in a high-pressure low-speed advancing mode, continuing to advance the slurry to be injected into the mold cavity, and entering a pressure maintaining state to reduce the shrinkage of a product;
(3) and molding the die cavity, and cooling to obtain the light alloy product.
10. A light alloy product according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium alloy starting material has dimensions of 1mm x 2mm x 5 mm.
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