CN113577066B - 芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途 - Google Patents
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- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
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Abstract
本发明涉及式1所示的芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的用途,具体地,本发明涉及一种如式1所示的芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防或治疗新生血管生成相关眼科疾病的药物中的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物化学领域,具体涉及芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防新生血管生成相关眼科疾病的药物中的用途。
背景技术
病理性新生血管发生在多个眼部组织,包括视网膜、脉络膜和角膜等。它是众多眼部疾病导致视力受损的主要原因,例如糖尿病性视网膜病变(DR)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和角膜炎等。角膜新生血管(CoNV)通常发生在炎症性或感染性眼表疾病中,CoNV可以导致角膜瘢痕、水肿和炎症,最终导致视力并恶化。因此,抑制角膜新血管形成是预防或治疗相关眼表疾病的一个重要的策略。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一类芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备预防或治疗新生血管生成相关眼科疾病的药物中的用途。
本发明提供一种式1所示的芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防新生血管生成相关眼科疾病的药物中的用途:
其中:
R1、R2各自独立地选自未取代或取代的C6-C20芳基或C3-C14杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、N或S;
Z为氢、烷基、未取代或取代的C6-C20芳基或C3-C14杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、N或S;
R1、R2、L和Z中各所述取代是指独立地被选自如下的一种或多种取代基所取代:卤素、羟基、C1-C6烷基、C3-C8环烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、氨基、-NH(C1-C6烷基)、-N(C1-C6烷基)(C1-C6烷基)、硝基、C2-C6烯基、卤代C1-C6烷基、羰基、羧基、酰胺基、氰基、羟甲基、卤代C1-C6烷氧基、巯基、或氨磺酰基、苯基、苯氧基。
在实施方式中,R1、R2各自独立地选自未取代或取代的C6芳基或C5-C6杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、N或S;所述取代是指被卤素或酰胺基所取代;
Z为叔丁基、未取代或取代的C6芳基或未取代或取代的C5-C6杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、N或S;所述取代是指被选自如下的一种或多种取代基所取代:卤素、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基。
在实施方式中,R1、R2各自独立地选自未取代或取代的C6芳基或C5-C6杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、N或S;所述取代是指被卤素或酰胺基所取代;
Z为未取代或取代的C6芳基或未取代或取代的C5-C6杂芳基,其中所述杂芳基具有一个或多个选自下组的杂原子:O、Ν或S;所述取代是指被选自如下的一种或多种取代基所取代:卤素、C1-C6烷氧基、卤代C1-C6烷基。
在实施方式中,所述式1所示的芳基胍化合物选自以下结构式表示的化合物中的任一种:
具体化合物的合成可以参见CN 201610107774.3。上述编号为1的化合物1在下面也称为DCZ3301。
在实施方式中,所述式1所示的芳基胍化合物或其药学上可接受的盐通过抑制角膜新生血管形成来治疗或预防新生血管生成相关眼科疾病。
有益效果
通过对眼科疾病模型的活性测试发现本发明的芳基胍化合物具有抗血管生成活性,说明该类化合物具有潜在的预防或治疗新生血管生成相关眼科疾病的用途。
附图说明
图1A-1F显示DCZ3301降低人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(Human umbilical veinendothelial cells,HUVEC)细胞活性并诱导HUVEC的自发凋亡。1A.DCZ3301(化合物1)的化学结构;1B.DCZ3301处理24h和48h后,HUVEC的ATP含量;1C.DCZ3301处理24h后,HUVEC中剪切PARP和剪切Caspase-3蛋白的表达水平;1D.z-VAD可以减少HUVEC ATP含量的降低;1E.加入z-VAD之后,HUVEC中剪切PARP蛋白的表达水平;1F.z-VAD可以抑制DCZ3301引起的HUVECATP含量的降低,而Hela和HT29细胞不能抑制DCZ3301引起的HUVEC ATP含量的降低。
图2A-2D显示DCZ3301可以抑制HUVEC的增殖、迁移和成管行为。2A.BrdU/PI双染流式细胞分析;2B.划痕试验,DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的愈合过程(n=3),比例尺:250μm;2C.Transwell试验,DCZ3301减少了穿膜细胞的数量(n=3),比例尺:100μm,****P<0.0001;2D.DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC管腔形成,减少了分支长度(n=3),比例尺:100μm,**P<0.01。
图3A-3B显示DCZ3301可以抑制PI3K/AKT和ERK1/2信号通路。3A.DCZ3301处理24h后,HUVEC中p-PI3K、p-AKT和p-ERK1/2表达水平;3B.p-PI3K、p-AKT和p-ERK1/2的定量分析*p<0.05、**p<0.01、***p<0.001、****p<0.0001。
图4A-4B显示DCZ3301可以抑制脉络膜微血管出芽形成以及碱烧伤后的角膜新生血管面积。4A.第6天,两组脉络膜微血管出芽图像(n=6),比例尺:250μm,**p<0.01;4B.小鼠角膜的眼前节照相(每组n=6)与FITC-葡聚糖心尖灌注后的角膜平铺片图像(n=6),比例尺:250μm;角膜平铺片中,角膜新生血管面积占整个角膜面积的比例(n=6)**p<0.01、****p<0.0001。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步阐述,但不限制本发明。
实施例:
材料
实验动物
采用近交系BALB/c小鼠、雄性、6-8周龄、体重20-30g,均购自于南京医科大学医药实验动物中心(中国,南京)。小鼠均饲养在复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院动物房内,12小时明暗循环,饲养环境温度维持在22±2℃,相对湿度为40-70%,提供充足的鼠粮与饮用水。动物麻醉按照氯胺酮(80mg/kg)和甲苯噻嗪(10mg/kg)的剂量行腹腔注射,实验完成后行颈椎脱臼处死小鼠。研究中的动物实验操作流程,均通过复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院动物伦理委员会的审核,并且遵循视觉与眼科研究协会(Association for Research inVision and Ophthalmology,ARVO)关于动物实验的申明。
主要试剂如下表1中所列出。
表1
主要仪器设备如下表2中所列出。
表2
实施例1 DCZ3301对于HUVEC的细胞活性和HUVEC的自发凋亡的影响
1.1细胞培养
人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(Human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC)购自于复旦IBS细胞库,人宫颈癌细胞系HeLa和人结肠直肠腺癌细胞系HT29购自于中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会细胞库。HUVEC在含10%胎牛血清的M199培养液中培养,HeLa和HT29在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培养液中培养,培养箱维持在37℃和5%CO2的环境。使用0.25%胰蛋白酶进行消化,并按照1:3或者1:4的方式进行细胞传代。
1.2细胞活性检测
1)取对数生长期的HUVEC细胞,将细胞悬液铺在96孔板中,每组设置6个孔;
2)当细胞生长融合至90%时,加入不同浓度的DCZ3301或0.1%DMSO,以及根据
需要加入z-VAD至工作浓度20μM,继续培养24或48小时;
3)每孔加入25μl配置好的CellTiter-Glo试剂;
4)室温条件下,在摇床上震荡12min,充分混匀并裂解细胞;
5)每孔吸取100μl液体,并转移至不透光的96孔板;
6)放入酶标仪读取发光强度(单位:光强)。
7)记录发光度,以0.1%DMSO组为对照,计算每组的相对百分比,并绘制柱状图。
1.3蛋白提取及浓度测定
1.3.1细胞总蛋白提取:
细胞铲刮下细胞后离心,再用PBS润洗后离心。加入含有蛋白酶抑制剂、磷酸酶抑制剂和PMSF的RIPA裂解液,置于冰上裂解20min,每5min吹打一次。然后4℃离心,12000rpm×10min,将上清转移至新的EP管。
1.3.2 BCA法蛋白定量:
1)根据需要的孔数,将BCA试剂盒中A液和B液按照50:1的比例混合;
2)标准蛋白BSA稀释到0.5mg/ml;
在96孔板中设置8个孔用作标准曲线制作、设置3个孔为空白对照,加入样本;
3)37℃温箱孵育30min;
4)放入酶标仪检测,波长为562nm,读取吸光度;
5)根据测得的数值绘制标准曲线并得出计算公式,然后计算每个样品的浓度;
6)用加样缓冲液将每个样本稀释至2mg/ml,体积不足的部分用PBS补齐;
7)100℃煮沸10min,并于-80℃保存。
1.4蛋白印记试验(Western blot)
1.4.1制胶
1)选择1.5mm规格的玻璃板,用双蒸水洗干净玻璃板后烘干,固定于海绵底座上;
2)使用Bio-rad公司FastCast预混丙烯酰胺溶液试剂盒配胶,每块分离胶加入:4ml分离A液+4ml分离B液+40μl 10%过硫酸铵+4μl TEMED,混匀后加入玻璃板,并用双蒸水将液面压平;
3)室温静置,待分离胶与水出现明显的分界线,倒出双蒸水并用滤纸吸干;
4)配置浓缩胶,每块浓缩胶加入:1.5ml浓缩A液+1.5ml浓缩B液+15μl 10%过硫酸铵+3μl TEMED;混匀后加入玻璃板,插入1.5mm规格梳子,室温静置直至完全凝固。
1.4.2电泳
1)胶板固定于电泳槽,倒入电泳液,拔出梳子,并冲洗出泳道内的残胶;
2)根据不同目的条带,加入合适的marker,样品上样20或30ug,等浓度等体积上样,剩余泳道用1×加样缓冲液补齐;
3)将电泳槽连接电泳仪,恒压80V,待条带跑至分离胶后转为恒压120V。
1.4.3转膜
1)配置转膜液(1L含200ml甲醇),埋于冰中遇冷;
2)PVDF膜裁剪至适宜的大小,甲醇浸泡30min;
3)转膜液倒入托盘,将分离胶从电泳槽中取出并裁剪,安装转膜三明治:黑板+海绵+3层滤纸+分离胶+PVDF膜+3层滤纸+海绵+透明板,全程浸泡在转膜液中,赶出气泡,夹紧后放入转膜槽;
4)恒流250mA,80min~100min。
1.4.4免疫检测及ECL化学发光
1)封闭:配制封闭液(2.5g脱脂奶粉溶于50ml 1×TBST),取出PVDF膜,裁剪至合适大小,放入敷育盒,摇床上室温放置1h;
2)一抗反应:TBST洗膜后根据抗体效价用5%BSA稀释,4℃反应过夜;
3)二抗反应:TBST洗膜后用封闭液稀释HRP标记的二抗,摇床上室温放置1h,反应结束后用TBST洗膜;
4)ECL化学发光检测:配置显影剂,ECL发光试剂盒的A液和B液1:1混合后避光;将PVDF膜平铺在化学发光成像仪器的平板上,吸水纸吸去膜上的液体,滴加显影剂,ECL化学发光成像。使用Image J(1.8.0版本)软件分析条带灰度值,进行定量分析。
实验结果:
DCZ3301的相对分子质量为464.0(图1A)。使用了CellTiter-发光细胞活性检测试剂盒,通过检测细胞内ATP的含量来评估细胞的活性,以0.1%DMSO组的发光度作为参照,计算出各组的百分比。DCZ3301的最低有效浓度为1μM,随着浓度的增加,细胞活性程度越低;并且随着时间的延长,相比于24h的数据,48h的细胞活性更低,说明DCZ3301以时间和剂量依赖的方式抑制细胞的活性(图1B)。
胱天蛋白酶(Caspase)家族是细胞凋亡的关键调节分子,以级联方式起作用。其中Caspase-3位于下游,是重要的执行分子,当Caspase被裂解活化后,它又可以裂解活化靶向蛋白质。多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase,PARP)是Caspase-3最主要的作用底物,它在DNA修复、细胞的稳定方面起着至关重要的作用。细胞凋亡启动后,116kD的PARP被剪切成89kD和24kD两个片段而失去酶活力,加速细胞的不稳定,最终引起细胞凋亡。Caspase-3和PARP水解被认为是细胞凋亡的重要标志,因此,在此,检测了HUVEC细胞中这两种蛋白的表达水平。在Western blot结果中,随着DCZ3301浓度的增加,剪切的PARP和剪切的Caspase-3表达增加(图1C),这种以剂量依赖的方式与细胞活性检测的数据一致,表面DCZ3301可以诱导HUVEC的凋亡。
此外,进一步应用了Caspase抑制剂z-VAD-FMK(下文简称z-VAD)进行鉴别。z-VAD是一种广谱的胱天蛋白酶抑制剂,在凋亡过程中,能够有效地阻止Caspase的激活,已被广泛应用于细胞凋亡的研究中。结果发现,DCZ3301导致的细胞内ATP含量的下降,在加入z-VAD(20μM)后,都不同程度地逆转这一过程,细胞ATP含量下降的幅度被大大削弱(图1D),说明DCZ3301抑制HUVEC细胞活性是由于DCZ3301促进了HUVEC细胞凋亡,在Western blot试验中也进一步验证了这个结果。如图1E所示,在不加z-VAD组,可以看到剪切的PARP条带,说明发生了细胞凋亡;而在添加z-VAD组,PARP没有被水解,说明细胞凋亡被抑制了。由此可见,DCZ3301可以促进HUVEC细胞的自发性凋亡,而且是依赖Caspase途径的方式。
另外,如图1F所示,相同浓度的DCZ3301处理之后,HUVEC组,ATP含量明显降低,而加入z-VAD之后,ATP含量得到提高;Hela组中,虽然ATP含量有明显降低,但加入z-VAD并不能逆转这一过程;而在HT29组中,DCZ3301对HT29没有造成影响。这几组数据说明,DCZ3301对这两种上皮细胞没有促进凋亡的作用,也意味着,DCZ3301具有选择特异性。
综合以上结果,DCZ3301以依赖Caspase途径的方式诱导HUVEC的自发凋亡。
实施例2 DCZ3301对于HUVEC的增殖、迁移和成管行为的影响
实验方法:
2.1 BrdU/PI双染流式细胞分析
5-溴-2'-脱氧尿嘧啶(Bromodeoxyuridine,BrdU)是一种胸腺嘧啶核苷类似物,在DNA合成时,可以掺入到新合成的DNA中,使用FITC偶联的抗BrdU抗体,可以检测到DNA复制和细胞增殖。碘化丙啶(Propidium Iodide,PI)是一种溴化乙啶类似物,可以嵌入双链DNA,通过PI的红色荧光可以检测DNA的含量。通过BrdU/PI双染流式细胞分析,可以同时定量细胞DNA的含量,有效地反应细胞增殖的状态。具体实验步骤如下:
1)将HUVEC(2×105个/皿)接种到60mm培养皿中,培养24h;
2)添加DCZ3301至新的M199培养液至终浓度为5μM,对照组加入等体积的DMSO,继续培养24h;
3)PBS洗涤后,添加BrdU至新的培养液至工作浓度为10μM,37℃孵育2h;
4)用胰蛋白酶消化细胞,离心1000rpm×5min后弃掉上清(下同),加入5ml预冷的PBS洗涤细胞,离心,再用预冷的PBS重悬细胞,使细胞密度为1×106个/ml;
5)加入5ml预冷的乙醇固定细胞,4℃过夜;
6)离心,完全去除乙醇;
7)用1ml 2N HCl/0.5%Triton-100重悬细胞,并在室温下孵育30min,以使双链DNA变性形成单链DNA;
8)离心去除HCl,加入1ml 0.1M Na2B4O7 PH 8.5重悬细胞以中和酸度;
9)离心后,用2ml含1%BSA的PBS溶液洗涤细胞;
10)离心后,将0.5%Tween-20、含1%BSA的PBS,和FITC偶联的抗BrdU抗体混合后加入细胞,放在摇床上缓慢振摇,室温避光孵育30分钟;
11)用2ml 0.5%Tween-20/1%BSA/PBS洗涤,并重悬于0.6ml PBS中,该PBS含5μl2mg/ml RNase和5μl PI(1mg/ml),孵育20min;
12)使用FACSORT流式细胞仪,对细胞进行BrdU含量(FITC)和DNA含量(PI)的流式细胞分析,未用BrdU标记的细胞作为阴性对照。
2.2细胞迁移试验
2.2.1划痕试验
1)用无菌镊将Ibidi划痕实验培养插件放入6孔板中;
2)将HUVEC以1×105个/ml的密度接种到插件中,两侧各70μl;
3)培养24h后,用无菌镊夹起插件,PBS洗涤以去除漂浮的细胞;
4)将DCZ3301加入2ml M199培养液至终浓度为5μM,对照组培养液中加入等体积的DMSO,混匀后加入6孔板中;
5)放入活细胞工作站,在配套的倒置显微镜下,每孔随机选择一个拍摄的坐标,作为0h时间点,之后每2h定点拍摄,连续培养和观察24h。
6)通过ImageJ软件进行图像分析,计算每2小时的划痕面积以得出愈合率,计算公式为:愈合率(时间点)=[划痕面积(0h)-划痕面积(时间点)]/划痕面积(0h)×100%,并绘制愈合曲线。
2.2.2 Transwell试验
1)使用8μm孔径的Transwell孔板进行实验,将DCZ3301(5μM)或DMSO(0.1%)加入含10%FBS的M199培养液中(每孔以800μl终体积计算浓度),实际取600μl加入下室;
2)选取对数生长期的HUVEC,经胰酶消化后用不含FBS的M199培养液吹打成细胞悬液,并稀释至细胞密度为1.5×105个/ml,取200μl细胞悬液加入到Transwell上室,培养24h;
3)弃掉上室液体并将小室移至新的24孔板中,用4%PFA固定10min,PBS漂洗后将小室倒置于吸水纸上自然风干;
4)配制0.1%结晶紫染色液(现配现用),过滤后避光保存;
5)待小室完全干燥后,置于含有结晶紫的24孔板中,避光染色20min;
6)用双蒸水漂洗小室以洗去结晶紫,用棉签轻轻地擦去上室底部未迁移的细胞,再用双蒸水漂洗;
7)在倒置显微镜下拍摄,每张膜随机选择五个视野;
8)用ImageJ软件计数迁移细胞的数量。
2.3成管试验
1)去生长因子基质胶4℃过夜融化,96孔板和枪头均提前预冷;
2)超净工作台内,将96孔板平放在冰盒上,每个孔缓慢添加60μl液态基质胶,添加的时候避免气泡产生;
3)将96孔板放在培养箱孵育30min,使基质胶凝固;
4)选取对数生长期的HUVEC,胰酶消化后,用含DCZ3301(5μM)或DMSO(0.1%)的M199培养液制备单细胞悬液,并调整至细胞密度为2×105个/ml;
5)100μl/孔均匀接种在96孔板中,放入细胞培养箱孵育;
6)4h后,在倒置相差显微镜下观察管腔样结构,并拍摄每孔的中央视野;
使用ImageJ软件进行分析,统计每个图中的总分支长度。
实验结果:
使用BrdU/PI双染流式细胞分析来研究DCZ3301是否影响HUVEC的增殖。未经DCZ3301处理的HUVEC,DNA的复制没有受到影响,呈倒U形的结构;而经DCZ3301处理的HUVEC,DNA的复制和细胞周期被明显地抑制,呈现出不规则的形态(图2A),说明DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的增殖。
内皮细胞的迁移对于新生血管的形成至关重要,通过实施划痕试验和Transwell试验来探讨DCZ3301对HUVEC迁移行为的影响程度。DCZ3301 5μM处理之后,12h的HUVEC细胞的愈合面积明显少于对照组。愈合率的曲线显示DCZ3301组低于对照组,且时间与愈合面积呈线性关系(图2B)。在Transwell试验中发现,DCZ3301组迁移到Transwell小室膜上的细胞数量明显少于对照组(图2C)。这两个试验表明DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的迁移行为。
另外,通过成管试验研究了DCZ3301对血管出芽行为的影响。孵育4小时后,DCZ3301组中管腔样的结构明显少于对照组;然后测量了两组的总分支长度,经DCZ3301处理后的总分支长度明显减小(图2D),表明DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的成管行为。
以上试验证实DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的增殖、迁移和成管行为,呈现出抗血管生成的特征。
实施例3:DCZ3301对于PI3K/AKT和ERK1/2信号通路的影响
实验方法:
3.1蛋白提取方法和Western blot操作方法分别同上述实验实施例1中。
实验结果:
在DCZ3301诱导HUVEC细胞凋亡的过程中,检测了几种关键蛋白的表达情况。PI3K/AKT通路是一个非常经典的信号通路,它与细胞转化、肿瘤的发生和转移密切相关,并且已被证实在调节新生血管形成中发挥着重要作用。在不同浓度的DCZ3301处理24小时后,提取了HUVEC细胞的总蛋白,通过Western blot试验检测了这一通路的表达水平。结果发现,随着DCZ3301浓度的增加,磷酸化的PI3K和磷酸化的AKT表达量逐渐减少,呈现剂量依赖的关系(图3A),说明DCZ3301抑制了HUVEC的PI3K/AKT信号通路。
ERK1/2信号通路调节了内皮细胞的增殖、迁移,动脉分化以及血管稳态,因此进一步检测了p-ERK1/2的表达,与对照组相比,DCZ3301以剂量依赖的方式抑制了ERK1/2的磷酸化,抑制了ERK1/2信号通路(图3B)。
因此,DCZ3301通过抑制PI3K/AKT和ERK1/2信号通路,诱导了HUVEC的细胞凋亡。
实施例4 DCZ3301对于小鼠脉络膜微血管出芽以及角膜新生血管形成的影响
实验方法:
4.1.小鼠脉络膜微血管出芽离体模型的构建:
1)取6-8周雄性BALB/c小鼠,在麻醉后以颈椎脱臼处死,将眼球取出,立即保存于预冷的DME/F-12 1:1培养液中;
2)在显微镜下,并且于冰上操作,剪除眼球表面的筋膜、眼外肌,去除角膜、晶体、虹膜、睫状体等眼前节组织,分离视网膜神经上皮层,留下视网膜色素上皮层(retinalpigment epithelium,RPE)-脉络膜-巩膜复合体,由于靠近视盘部的脉络膜血管生长较慢、而周边部的脉络膜血管生长太快,所以本实验的脉络膜复合体均取自于赤道部,将RPE-脉络膜-巩膜复合体剪成1mm×1mm大小;
3)取40μL去生长因子基质胶,加入预冷的24孔板中,将RPE-脉络膜-巩膜移植物置于基质胶中央;
4)待其余移植物放置完成后,将24孔板放入细胞培养箱内,37℃放置10分钟,使液态的基质胶聚合为固态;
5)每孔加入含10%FBS以及1%青霉素/链霉素的DME/F-12 1:1培养液500μL,放入细胞培养箱内(day 0),每24h换液;
6)在第3天加入0.1%DMSO或DCZ3301(5μM),n=6;第6天观察,于倒置相差显微镜下拍摄;
7)使用ImageJ软件测量面积,出芽的微血管面积=总面积-中央移植物的面积。
4.2.碱烧伤诱导的角膜新生血管模型(Alkali burn-induced cornealneovascularization model)的构建及用药方法
1)将直径约2mm的圆形滤纸片浸入1M NaOH溶液中;
2)麻醉小鼠,选择每只鼠的右眼进行碱处理;
3)在角膜表面滴入0.4%盐酸奥布卡因滴眼液以局部镇痛;
4)在眼科手术显微镜下操作,使用无菌镊将NaOH浸湿的滤纸片贴附在角膜中央30秒;
5)取下滤纸后立即用20ml PBS冲洗眼球以洗去残留的NaOH溶液;
6)涂上氧氟沙星眼膏以预防感染;
7)将DCZ3301稀释在0.9%生理盐水中配成50μM和200μM浓度的眼药水,对照组用DMSO溶解在生理盐水中(每组n=6),另外6只未碱烧伤处理的小鼠单独用生理盐水治疗;从造模当天起用药,每只鼠每天滴眼3次,每次5μl,连续治疗7天。
4.3眼前节照相及角膜平铺片制作
4.3.1眼前节照相
为了记录小鼠角膜新生血管的形态,在造模后的第7天,将小鼠麻醉后放在裂隙灯前,在白光下用相连的数码相机对小鼠的角膜进行拍照。
4.3.2角膜平铺片
FITC-葡聚糖(FITC-dextran,2000kDa)溶解在PBS中,浓度为50mg/ml,避光保存。小鼠麻醉状态下,将四肢固定在操作台上。打开胸腔后,1ml注射器扎入小鼠心尖,缓慢灌注FITC-葡聚糖0.5ml直至3min。摘除眼球,放入4%PFA室温避光固定1h,再转入PBS中。然后在眼科显微镜下解剖眼球,在角巩膜缘后2mm做切口以保留角巩膜缘的血管,解剖分离眼前节组织,并剥除角膜内表面粘连的虹膜与渗出膜。将角膜裁剪四瓣,剪成“四叶草”的形状,然后转移至载玻片上,吸水纸吸干玻片上的水分,滴上防荧光淬灭封片剂,盖上盖玻片。封片后用荧光显微镜观察并拍摄角膜新生血管的形态。使用ImageJ软件进行定量分析,测量角膜新生血管的面积和整个角膜的面积,计算新生血管面积所占的比例。
4.4统计分析
采用SPSS 20.0统计软件,数据结果以均数±标准差表示,各实验组量化的数据经检验均符合正态分布且呈方差齐性。两组间比较采用配对t检验,多组间比较则运用one-way ANOVA进行比较,P<0.05被认为差异具有统计学意义。
实验结果:
在本实验中,利用BALB/c小鼠,构建了脉络膜微血管出芽离体模型和碱烧伤诱导的角膜新生血管(corneal neovascularization,下文简称CNV)模型。脉络膜微血管出芽试验是一种有效且可重复的离体血管生成试验,可以有效评估DCZ3301对微血管生成的影响。在第3天加入5μM DCZ3301,并在第6天记录结果。如图4A所示,与对照组相比,DCZ3301显着抑制了脉络膜微血管出芽的面积。在角膜新生血管模型中,可以观察到在造模后的第2天有CNV的形成,并且从角膜缘逐渐向角膜中心生长,在第7天采集了不同组的眼前节照相。与未造模组相比,所有造模组都观察到了角膜云翳和新生血管,这些小鼠中并没有出现角膜上皮缺损、角膜溃疡、角膜穿孔和感染。由于碱烧伤也同时诱导了虹膜新生血管的形成,所以在少数小鼠中观察到有前房积血。第7天的图像显示,与DMSO组相比,DCZ3301(50μM组和200μM)新生血管明显减少(图4B)。
对小鼠进行心尖灌注FITC-葡聚糖,解剖小鼠的眼球并制作角膜平铺片,通过采集角膜平铺片上CNV的面积,来进一步量化DCZ3301对角膜新生血管生成的影响(图4B)。通过ImageJ软件,测量了CNV面积和整个角膜的面积,并计算了CNV所占的比例。与DMSO组相比,DCZ3301(50μM和200μM)组CNV面积都明显较少(分别为P<0.01,P<0.0001)。而比较50μM组和200μM组的数据发现,两组术后的CNV面积差异无统计学意义(P=0.0577),说明50μMDCZ3301可以有效地抑制小鼠CNV的形成。
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