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CN113561802B - Operation auxiliary device of vehicle-mounted fuel cell and control method thereof - Google Patents

Operation auxiliary device of vehicle-mounted fuel cell and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113561802B
CN113561802B CN202111104076.5A CN202111104076A CN113561802B CN 113561802 B CN113561802 B CN 113561802B CN 202111104076 A CN202111104076 A CN 202111104076A CN 113561802 B CN113561802 B CN 113561802B
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
whole vehicle
power supply
low
voltage power
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CN202111104076.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113561802A (en
Inventor
李文文
方川
张潇丹
李飞强
张国强
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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Beijing Sinohytec Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
    • H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
    • H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
    • H01M8/04365—Temperature; Ambient temperature of other components of a fuel cell or fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04574—Current
    • H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04634—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance
    • H01M8/04656—Other electric variables, e.g. resistance or impedance of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
    • H01M8/04686—Failure or abnormal function of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/0488—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04858—Electric variables
    • H01M8/04865—Voltage
    • H01M8/04888—Voltage of auxiliary devices, e.g. batteries, capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
    • H01M8/04955—Shut-off or shut-down of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, belongs to the technical field of fuel cell engines, and solves the problem that a power battery suddenly loses power or cannot provide electric quantity when a fuel cell vehicle normally operates in the prior art. The device comprises a DC-DC booster, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a super capacitor, a whole vehicle step-down DC converter, a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device, a lithium battery and a controller; the power supply end of the fuel cell stack is respectively connected with the finished automobile motor, the finished automobile step-down DC converter, the input end of the lithium battery and one end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter through the DC-DC booster; the lithium battery is connected with the whole vehicle motor in parallel; the other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the super capacitor; the output end of the whole vehicle step-down DC converter is connected with a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment. The quick low-temperature start and the stable operation are realized.

Description

Operation auxiliary device of vehicle-mounted fuel cell and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell engines, in particular to an operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell and a control method thereof.
Background
The fuel cell has the advantages of no environmental pollution, high energy conversion efficiency and the like. The scene with more applications is the automobile, and the small-batch commercial operation is started at present.
When the fuel cell is matched with the whole vehicle, the fuel cell generally needs to be matched with a power battery (lithium battery) on the whole vehicle, the power battery needs to provide power when the fuel cell is normally started, and the power battery on the whole vehicle also provides power for a low-voltage power supply module on the whole vehicle. Therefore, when the vehicle runs normally, the normal and stable running of the whole vehicle power battery needs to be ensured, and once the whole vehicle power battery breaks down, the vehicle cannot run normally, and even traffic accidents may occur. Therefore, the problem of how to avoid the power loss or the failure to provide electric quantity when the power battery of the whole vehicle suddenly loses power during the normal operation of the fuel cell vehicle is urgently needed to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide an operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell and a control method thereof, which are used for solving the problem that a power battery suddenly powers or cannot provide electric quantity when a fuel cell vehicle in the prior art normally operates.
On one hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, which is characterized by comprising a DC-DC booster, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a super capacitor, a whole vehicle step-down DC converter, a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device, a lithium battery and a controller; wherein,
the power supply end of the fuel cell stack is respectively connected with a finished automobile motor, the finished automobile step-down DC converter, the input end of the lithium battery and one end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter through the DC-DC booster; the lithium battery is connected with the whole vehicle motor in parallel; the other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the super capacitor; the output end of the finished automobile voltage reduction DC converter is connected with finished automobile low-voltage power supply equipment; and the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are as follows: and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment is used as a power supply of a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply system. The bidirectional DC-DC converter and the super capacitor are added, when the lithium battery on the whole vehicle breaks down, the lithium battery cannot work normally, and the super capacitor can be used as a voltage source to continue to provide electric quantity for the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply module in a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC mode, so that the problem that the whole vehicle loses a power source suddenly and accidents are caused or the vehicle cannot continue to run is solved.
Based on the further improvement of the device, the operation auxiliary device also comprises an FC low-voltage power supply device; and,
the input end of the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is connected with the output end of the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, and the control end of the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is connected with the output end of the controller.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: an FC (fuel cell) low-voltage power supply apparatus serves as a power supply apparatus of the FC low-voltage power supply system. When the lithium battery on the whole vehicle breaks down, the lithium battery cannot normally work, and at the moment, the super capacitor serves as a voltage source to continue to provide electric quantity for the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply module and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment in a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC mode, so that the problem that the whole vehicle loses a power source suddenly and accidents or vehicles cannot continue to run is avoided.
Further, the controller executes the following program:
acquiring the current running state of a motor of the whole vehicle; the current operation state comprises normal operation, preparation shutdown, a shutdown state and preparation startup;
controlling the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery equipment to execute corresponding operations according to the current running state of the whole vehicle motor, so that the fuel cell stack supplies power to the whole vehicle motor during normal running and respectively charges the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment; the super capacitor is used for preserving the heat of the fuel cell stack at regular time in a shutdown state; when the system is ready to be started, the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment respectively supply power to the whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: a program executed by the controller is defined. The super capacitor provides energy for the electric pile, and can ensure that the temperature of the fuel cell electric pile can be kept above-20 ℃. And moreover, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are arranged, so that the starting and running processes can be smoothly carried out when the lithium battery fails.
Further, the controller further comprises:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor, receiving a whole vehicle motor control instruction input by a user and determining the current running state of the whole vehicle motor; acquiring real-time temperature and output current of a fuel cell stack and SOC electric quantity of a super capacitor; and sending the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle, the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor to a data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for sending corresponding control signals to the execution unit according to the received current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle and in combination with the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor, so that the branches where the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery, the low-voltage power supply equipment of the whole vehicle and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are located execute corresponding on-off operation;
and the execution unit is used for controlling signal transmission in the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and power supply of the lithium battery according to the received corresponding control signal, so that power supply, charging or low-temperature storage of the fuel cell stack and charging, power supply or disconnection of the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are realized.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: through different data acquisition units and different control processes, the matching working logic sequence between the fuel cell stack and each component is realized, so that the faults of the lithium battery can be prevented, and the low-temperature operation process and the quick low-temperature start are ensured.
Further, the data acquisition unit further comprises:
the speed sensor is arranged at a rotor of the whole vehicle motor and used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor;
the temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the current sensor is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell and used for acquiring the output current of the fuel cell;
the electric quantity monitoring sensors are respectively arranged in the super capacitor, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and are used for monitoring the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment;
and the command input button is used for receiving a finished vehicle motor control command input by a user.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: the working state of the fuel cell, namely the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle, can be judged by collecting various data through different sensors.
Further, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
acquiring the current running state of a motor of the whole vehicle;
when the motor of the whole vehicle normally runs, the fuel cell stack is controlled to charge the lithium battery through the DC-DC booster and supply power to the motor of the whole vehicle; controlling the fuel cell stack to charge the super capacitor sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and respectively charging the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle voltage reduction DC converter;
when the whole vehicle is ready to be shut down, detecting whether the super capacitor is fully charged, and controlling the fuel cell stack to stop the power supply and charging after the super capacitor is fully charged;
when a motor of the whole vehicle is in a shutdown state, firstly, a super capacitor is controlled to periodically heat cooling liquid in a fuel cell stack through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, so that the temperature of the stack is kept within a preset range, and a branch where a DC-DC booster and a lithium battery are located is controlled to be disconnected; after each heating is finished, detecting the electric quantity of the super capacitor, controlling the super capacitor to stop heating once the electric quantity of the super capacitor is lower than a lower limit threshold, controlling a branch where the DC-DC booster and the lithium battery are located to be communicated, starting a fuel cell stack to execute a parking purging operation, and appropriately charging the super capacitor;
when a motor of the whole vehicle is ready to be started, the super capacitor is controlled to heat cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack to a preset temperature through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the fuel cell stack is powered, and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are controlled to simultaneously power a whole vehicle low-voltage power system and a fuel cell low-voltage system, and the vehicle is started until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset load-carrying current.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: the programs executed by the data processing and control unit are limited, and the fuel cell stack, the super capacitor, the DC-DC component (a DC-DC booster, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC converter) and the working state between the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are further switched by judging different working states of a whole vehicle motor, so that the stack is started and operated.
Further, the execution unit further comprises a plurality of MOS switches and thermistors;
each MOS switch is respectively arranged at one end of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery and the thermistor, which is close to the fuel cell stack, and the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment, and are respectively used for controlling the electric signal transmission of a branch where the fuel cell stack, the lithium battery, the super capacitor, the thermistor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are located;
each thermistor is arranged in the fuel cell stack, and the input end of each thermistor is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter through an MOS switch and used for heating cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: through the matching between the super capacitor and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the thermistor (PTC) in the electric pile is controlled, and then the cooling liquid is heated.
Further, when the motor of the whole vehicle normally runs, the data processing and control unit executes the following programs:
controlling MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery close to the fuel cell stack end to be closed, switching off the MOS switches of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor close to the fuel cell stack end, and switching on the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to ensure that the fuel cell stack charges the lithium battery through the DC-DC booster, supplies power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charges the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle step-down DC converter in sequence;
monitoring the SOC electric quantity in the super capacitor at regular time, and once the SOC electric quantity is lower than the lower limit of a charging threshold, controlling the closing of an MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end to ensure that the electric quantity output by the fuel cell sequentially passes through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter to charge the super capacitor until the SOC electric quantity reaches the upper limit of the charging threshold, controlling the opening of the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end to stop charging the super capacitor;
monitoring the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery at regular time, and judging whether the lithium battery fails according to the N times of measurement of the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery; if the lithium battery fails, the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end is controlled to be closed, so that the super capacitor charges the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment, and the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end is controlled to be disconnected until the electric quantity of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is full.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: the fuel cell controller can estimate the number of kilometers that the vehicle can normally run by monitoring the SOC capacity in the super capacitor, and then prompts a driver to solve the vehicle problem in real time.
Further, when the motor of the whole vehicle is ready to start, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
controlling MOS switches of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be closed, MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be opened, and MOS switches of the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be opened, so that the super capacitor heats cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter;
in the heating process, monitoring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack, and once reaching a preset temperature, controlling the MOS switch of the thermistor close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched off, and controlling the DC-DC booster and the MOS switch of the lithium battery close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched on, so that the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack;
the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are controlled to be closed, so that the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment simultaneously supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and a fuel cell low-voltage system;
and monitoring the output current of the fuel cell, and controlling MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be switched off to finish vehicle starting until the output current of the fuel cell reaches the preset load-carrying current.
The beneficial effects of the above further improved scheme are: the electric quantity that ultracapacitor system sent when fuel cell starts can charge the lithium cell to the problem that the lithium cell can't charge under the realization avoids the low temperature.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the invention provides an operation auxiliary control method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the running state of a motor of the whole vehicle in real time;
if the vehicle is in a normal running state, identifying whether a parking instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the power is not received, controlling a fuel cell stack to supply power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charging a super capacitor, whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and FC low-voltage power supply equipment; if so, shutting down the whole vehicle;
if the vehicle is in a shutdown state, identifying whether a starting instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is not received, detecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack at regular time, controlling the super capacitor to heat and preserve the temperature of the fuel cell stack once the temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a lower threshold, and controlling the power supply of the fuel cell stack to execute shutdown purging; and if the current is received, controlling the super capacitor to supply power for the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously controlling the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to respectively supply power for the whole vehicle low-voltage power system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
The beneficial effect who adopts above-mentioned scheme is: and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment is used as a power supply of a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply system. The bidirectional DC-DC converter and the super capacitor are added, when the lithium battery on the whole vehicle breaks down, the lithium battery cannot work normally, and the super capacitor can be used as a voltage source to continue to provide electric quantity for the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply module in a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC mode, so that the problem that the whole vehicle loses a power source suddenly and accidents are caused or the vehicle cannot continue to run is solved.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the disclosure.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular descriptions of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure as illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein like reference numbers generally represent like parts throughout the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of an operation assisting device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the electrical connection of an operation auxiliary device of the on-vehicle fuel cell of embodiment 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the construction of an operation assisting device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell of embodiment 2.
Reference numerals:
the positive electrode of the V + -fuel cell stack; v- -cathode of fuel cell stack;
a bidirectional DCDC-bidirectional DC-DC converter; a whole vehicle DC-whole vehicle step-down DC converter;
the MOS switch is close to the end of the fuel cell stack of the MOS switch 1-DC-DC booster;
MOS switch 2-MOS switch near the fuel cell stack end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter;
MOS switch 3-MOS switch near the fuel cell stack end of the lithium battery;
MOS switch 4-MOS switch near fuel cell pile end of whole vehicle step-down DC converter;
MOS switch 5-MOS switch of the output terminal of the low-voltage power supply equipment of the whole vehicle.
MOS switch 6-MOS switch of the output end of FC low-voltage power supply equipment.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "or" means "and/or". The term "based on" means "based at least in part on". The terms "one example embodiment" and "one embodiment" mean "at least one example embodiment". The term "another embodiment" means "at least one additional embodiment". The terms "first," "second," and the like may refer to different or the same object. Other explicit and implicit definitions are also possible below.
Example 1
An embodiment of the invention discloses an operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, which comprises a DC-DC booster, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a super capacitor, a whole vehicle step-down DC converter, a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device, a lithium battery and a controller, and is shown in figure 1.
The power supply end of the fuel cell stack is respectively connected with the motor of the whole vehicle, the voltage reduction DC converter of the whole vehicle, the input end of the lithium battery and one end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter through the DC-DC booster; the lithium battery is connected with the whole vehicle motor in parallel; the other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the super capacitor; the output end of the whole vehicle step-down DC converter is connected with a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment.
The specific circuit connections may be as shown in fig. 2, or other connections may be used depending on the device or equipment selected, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art.
And the DC-DC booster is used for boosting a voltage platform output by the fuel cell stack to a voltage platform capable of being charged by the lithium battery when the fuel cell stack normally operates, and can be boosted by 6 times to 600V exemplarily so that the charging speed is accelerated. The DC-DC booster internally has a function of disturbing the voltage of the fuel cell.
And the bidirectional DC-DC converter is used for carrying out bidirectional flow on the direct current electric energy for charging and discharging the super capacitor.
The super capacitor is used for charging when the motor of the whole vehicle is ready to stop; after the shutdown, the fuel cell stack is heated and insulated by periodic discharge; and when the fuel cell stack is started, the fuel cell stack is charged after the fuel cell stack is heated to a preset temperature until the output current of the fuel cell reaches the load-carrying current, so that the successful cold start is realized.
And the lithium battery is used for charging when the fuel cell stack normally operates and maintaining the preset voltage for the operation of the motor of the whole vehicle.
And the whole vehicle step-down DC converter is used for charging the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment after the voltage output by the DC-DC booster is reduced.
And the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment is used as a power supply to supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage system. The whole vehicle low-pressure system is disclosed in patent CN 202011426087.0.
And the controller is used for controlling the on-off and signal transmission directions of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the finished automobile voltage reduction DC converter so as to control the charging and discharging of the super capacitor, the lithium battery and finished automobile low-voltage power supply equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment is added to be used as a power supply source of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply system. The bidirectional DC-DC converter and the super capacitor are added, when the lithium battery on the whole vehicle breaks down, the lithium battery cannot work normally, and the super capacitor can be used as a voltage source to continue to provide electric quantity for the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply module in a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC mode, so that the problem that the whole vehicle loses a power source suddenly and accidents are caused or the vehicle cannot continue to run is solved.
Example 2
The improvement of the method of the embodiment 1 is that the operation auxiliary device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell also comprises an FC low-voltage power supply device. Preferably, the input end of the FC low-voltage power supply device is connected to the output end of the vehicle step-down DC converter, and the control end of the FC low-voltage power supply device is connected to the output end of the controller.
And the FC low-voltage power supply device is used as a power supply and used for supplying power to the fuel cell low-voltage system. FC low pressure systems are described in patent CN 201920546237.8.
Preferably, the controller executes the following program:
s1, acquiring the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle; the current operation state comprises normal operation, preparation shutdown, a shutdown state and preparation startup;
s2, controlling the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery equipment to execute corresponding operations according to the current running state of the whole vehicle motor, so that the fuel cell stack supplies power to the whole vehicle motor when in normal running, and respectively charges the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment; the super capacitor is used for preserving the heat of the fuel cell stack at regular time in a shutdown state; when the system is ready to be started, the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment respectively supply power to the whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
Specifically, if the speed of a motor of the whole vehicle is not 0, whether a parking instruction of the whole vehicle is received is identified; if not, then in the state of normal operation (step S21); if so, in a ready-to-shutdown state (step S22); if the speed of the motor of the whole vehicle is 0, identifying whether a starting instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if not, in a shutdown state (step S23); if so, a ready to start state is present (step S24).
Preferably, the controller further comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing and control unit, and an execution unit, which are connected in sequence, as shown in fig. 3.
The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor, receiving a whole vehicle motor control instruction input by a user and determining the current running state of the whole vehicle motor; acquiring real-time temperature and output current of a fuel cell stack and SOC electric quantity of a super capacitor; and sending the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle, the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor to a data processing and control unit.
And the data processing and control unit is used for sending corresponding control signals to the execution unit according to the received current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle and by combining the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor, so that the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery, the low-voltage power supply equipment of the whole vehicle and the branch where the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is located execute corresponding on-off operation.
And the execution unit is used for controlling signal transmission in the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and power supply of the lithium battery according to the received corresponding control signal, so that power supply, charging or low-temperature storage of the fuel cell stack and charging, power supply or disconnection of the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are realized.
Preferably, the data acquisition unit further comprises a speed sensor, a temperature sensor, a current sensor, a power monitoring sensor and an instruction input button. And the speed sensor is arranged at the rotor of the whole vehicle motor and used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor. And the temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack. And the current sensor is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell and used for acquiring the output current of the fuel cell. The electric quantity monitoring sensor is respectively arranged in the super capacitor, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and is used for monitoring the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment. And the command input button is used for receiving a finished vehicle motor control command input by a user.
Preferably, the data processing and control unit executes the following program:
s1, acquiring the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle;
s21, when the motor of the whole vehicle normally runs, controlling a fuel cell stack to charge a lithium battery through a DC-DC booster and supplying power to the motor of the whole vehicle; controlling the fuel cell stack to charge the super capacitor sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and respectively charging the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle voltage reduction DC converter;
s22, when the whole vehicle is ready to stop, detecting whether the super capacitor is fully charged, and controlling the fuel cell stack to stop the power supply and charging after the super capacitor is fully charged;
s23, when the motor of the whole vehicle is in a shutdown state, firstly, controlling the super capacitor to periodically heat the cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, so that the temperature of the stack is kept within a preset range, and controlling the branch where the DC-DC booster and the lithium battery are located to be disconnected; after each heating is finished, detecting the electric quantity of the super capacitor, controlling the super capacitor to stop heating once the electric quantity of the super capacitor is lower than a lower limit threshold, controlling a branch where the DC-DC booster and the lithium battery are located to be communicated, starting a fuel cell stack to execute a parking purging operation, and appropriately charging the super capacitor;
s24, when the motor of the whole vehicle is ready to start, the super capacitor is controlled to heat the cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack to a preset temperature through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the fuel cell stack is powered, and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are controlled to simultaneously power the whole vehicle low-voltage power system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches the preset load current, and then the vehicle is started.
Preferably, the execution unit further includes a plurality of MOS switches and thermistors. Each MOS switch is respectively arranged at one end of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery and the thermistor, which is close to the fuel cell stack, and the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are respectively used for controlling the electric signal transmission of the branch circuits of the fuel cell stack, the lithium battery, the super capacitor, the thermistor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment. Each thermistor is arranged in the fuel cell stack, and the input end of each thermistor is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter through an MOS switch and used for heating cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack. Alternatively, the MOS switch may be replaced with another controllable switch.
Preferably, step S21 is further refined as:
s211, controlling MOS switches close to a fuel cell stack end of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery to be closed, disconnecting the MOS switches close to the fuel cell stack end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor, closing the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to enable the fuel cell stack to charge the lithium battery through the DC-DC booster, supply power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charge the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle step-down DC converter in sequence;
s212, monitoring the SOC electric quantity in the super capacitor at regular time, and once the SOC electric quantity is lower than the lower limit of a charging threshold, controlling the closing of an MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end, so that the electric quantity output by the fuel cell sequentially passes through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter to charge the super capacitor until the SOC electric quantity reaches the upper limit of the charging threshold, controlling the opening of the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end, and stopping charging the super capacitor;
s213, regularly monitoring the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery according toNMeasuring the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery again to judge whether the lithium battery fails; if the lithium battery fails (e.g., it can be setNAnd measuring the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery for the second time, wherein the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery is close to 0), and controlling the closing of an MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is close to the fuel cell stack end, so that the super capacitor charges the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment, and controlling the disconnection of the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, which is close to the fuel cell stack end, until the electric quantity of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is full.
It is noted that the sequence of steps S212 and S213 may be changed.
Preferably, step S22 is further refined as:
s221, identifying whether the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor is full, if so, disconnecting all MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the thermistor, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment output end, and otherwise, executing the next step;
and S222, controlling the MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the supercapacitor close to the fuel cell stack end to be closed, the MOS switches of the thermistor, the lithium battery and the whole vehicle step-down DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end to be opened, and the MOS switches of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment output end to be opened, so that the fuel cell sequentially charges the supercapacitor through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the supercapacitor close to the fuel cell stack end are opened until the SOC electric quantity of the supercapacitor is full. I.e. the fuel cell system is shut down.
Preferably, step S23 is further refined as:
231. controlling MOS switches at the front ends of the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the super capacitor and the thermistor to be closed and other MOS switches to be opened every preset time (within 4 h after shutdown, every 1 h, every 30 min after shutdown), so that the super capacitor periodically heats cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the temperature of the stack is kept within a preset range (not lower than-20 ℃);
s232, after each heating is finished, monitoring the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor in real time, and once the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor reaches a lower limit threshold (for example, 40%), controlling the MOS switch at the front end of the thermistor to be switched off, not performing the periodic heating, then controlling the MOS switch at the front end of the DC-DC booster and the lithium battery to be switched on, and starting the fuel cell stack to perform a shutdown purging operation (namely, the air and hydrogen system of the fuel cell system starts to work to purge the stack in two ways of hydrogen air);
s233, detecting the voltage internal resistance value of each single slice in the pile in real time in the process of the blowing operation, when the internal resistance value of each single slice in the pile reachesWhen the target value is reached, the purging operation is stopped, and the supercapacitor is appropriately charged with the charged electric quantityQIs composed of
Q=(I*V-P bop)*t
In the formula,Ithe unit is A of the current pulled by the galvanic pile during purging;Vthe unit of the total voltage of the galvanic pile during purging is V;P bopis the consumed power of the fuel cell, and has the unit of kw;tis the purge time in units of h; because the fuel cell can generate certain heat and electric quantity when being purged, the temperature rise phenomenon can occur in the internal electric capacity of the super capacitor and the temperature of the electric pile;
and S234, after the charging is finished, controlling all the MOS switches to be turned off.
Preferably, step S24 is further refined as:
s241, controlling MOS switches of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be closed, MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be opened, and MOS switches of output ends of a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device and an FC low-voltage power supply device to be opened, so that the super capacitor heats cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter;
s242, monitoring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack in the heating process, once reaching a preset temperature, controlling the MOS switch of the thermistor close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched off, and then controlling the DC-DC booster and the MOS switch of the lithium battery close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched on, so that the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack;
s243, controlling the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be completely closed while supplying power or delaying preset time, so that the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment simultaneously supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and a fuel cell low-voltage system;
and S244, monitoring the output current of the fuel cell, and controlling the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be switched off to finish the vehicle starting after the output current of the fuel cell reaches the preset load-pulling current.
Compared with the embodiment 1, the device provided by the embodiment acquires the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack through the temperature sensor, and controls the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment, the lithium battery and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to perform corresponding operations by combining the current running state (namely one of normal running, preparation stop, stop state and preparation start) of the whole vehicle motor acquired through the speed sensor and the instruction input module, so that the fuel cell stack supplies power to the whole vehicle motor during normal running and respectively charges the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment; the super capacitor is used for preserving the heat of the fuel cell stack at regular time in a shutdown state; when the system is ready to be started, the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment respectively supply power to the whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
Example 3
The invention also discloses an operation auxiliary control method of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell corresponding to the methods of the embodiments 1 and 2, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring the running state of the motor of the whole vehicle in real time;
s2, if the vehicle is in a normal running state, identifying whether a parking instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the power is not received, controlling a fuel cell stack to supply power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charging a super capacitor, whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and FC low-voltage power supply equipment; if so, shutting down the whole vehicle;
s2, if the vehicle is in a stop state, identifying whether a starting instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is not received, detecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack at regular time, controlling the super capacitor to heat and preserve the temperature of the fuel cell stack once the temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a lower threshold, and controlling the power supply of the fuel cell stack to execute shutdown purging; and if the current is received, controlling the super capacitor to supply power for the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously controlling the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to respectively supply power for the whole vehicle low-voltage power system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the prior art, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims (8)

1. An operation auxiliary device of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell is characterized by comprising a DC-DC booster, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, a super capacitor, a whole vehicle voltage reduction DC converter, a whole vehicle low-voltage power supply device, an FC low-voltage power supply device, a lithium battery and a controller; wherein,
the power supply end of the fuel cell stack is respectively connected with a finished automobile motor, the finished automobile step-down DC converter, the input end of the lithium battery and one end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter through the DC-DC booster; the lithium battery is connected with the whole vehicle motor in parallel; the other end of the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the super capacitor; the input end of the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is connected with the output end of the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, and the control end of the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is connected with the output end of the controller; the output end of the finished automobile voltage reduction DC converter is connected with finished automobile low-voltage power supply equipment; the output end of the controller is respectively connected with the control ends of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment;
the controller executes the following program:
acquiring the current running state of a motor of the whole vehicle; the current operation state comprises normal operation, preparation shutdown, a shutdown state and preparation startup;
controlling the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery equipment to execute corresponding operations according to the current running state of the whole vehicle motor, so that the fuel cell stack supplies power to the whole vehicle motor during normal running and respectively charges the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment; the super capacitor is used for preserving the heat of the fuel cell stack at regular time in a shutdown state; when the system is ready to be started, the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack, and meanwhile, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment respectively supply power to the whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
2. The operation assisting device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the controller further comprises, connected in series:
the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor, receiving a whole vehicle motor control instruction input by a user and determining the current running state of the whole vehicle motor; acquiring real-time temperature and output current of a fuel cell stack and SOC electric quantity of a super capacitor; and sending the current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle, the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor to a data processing and control unit;
the data processing and control unit is used for sending corresponding control signals to the execution unit according to the received current running state of the motor of the whole vehicle and in combination with the real-time temperature and the output current of the fuel cell stack and the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor, so that the branches where the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery, the low-voltage power supply equipment of the whole vehicle and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are located execute corresponding on-off operation;
and the execution unit is used for controlling signal transmission in the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and power supply of the lithium battery according to the received corresponding control signal, so that power supply, charging or low-temperature storage of the fuel cell stack and charging, power supply or disconnection of the super capacitor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are realized.
3. The operation assist device for the vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the data acquisition unit further includes:
the speed sensor is arranged at a rotor of the whole vehicle motor and used for acquiring the real-time rotating speed of the whole vehicle motor;
the temperature sensor is arranged in the fuel cell stack and used for acquiring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack;
the current sensor is arranged at the output end of the fuel cell and used for acquiring the output current of the fuel cell;
the electric quantity monitoring sensors are respectively arranged in the super capacitor, the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment and are used for monitoring the SOC electric quantity of the super capacitor and the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment;
and the command input button is used for receiving a finished vehicle motor control command input by a user.
4. The operation assisting device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein the data processing and control unit executes a program of:
acquiring the current running state of a motor of the whole vehicle;
when the motor of the whole vehicle normally runs, the fuel cell stack is controlled to charge the lithium battery through the DC-DC booster and supply power to the motor of the whole vehicle; controlling the fuel cell stack to charge the super capacitor sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter, and respectively charging the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment sequentially through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle voltage reduction DC converter;
when the whole vehicle is ready to be shut down, detecting whether the super capacitor is fully charged, and controlling the fuel cell stack to stop the power supply and charging after the super capacitor is fully charged;
when a motor of the whole vehicle is in a shutdown state, firstly, a super capacitor is controlled to periodically heat cooling liquid in a fuel cell stack through a bidirectional DC-DC converter, so that the temperature of the stack is kept within a preset range, and a branch where a DC-DC booster and a lithium battery are located is controlled to be disconnected; after each heating is finished, detecting the electric quantity of the super capacitor, controlling the super capacitor to stop heating once the electric quantity of the super capacitor is lower than a lower limit threshold, controlling a branch where the DC-DC booster and the lithium battery are located to be communicated, starting a fuel cell stack to execute a parking purging operation, and appropriately charging the super capacitor;
when a motor of the whole vehicle is ready to be started, the super capacitor is controlled to heat cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack to a preset temperature through the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the fuel cell stack is powered, and the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are controlled to simultaneously power a whole vehicle low-voltage power system and a fuel cell low-voltage system, and the vehicle is started until the output current of the fuel cell stack reaches a preset load-carrying current.
5. The operation assisting device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to claim 4, wherein the execution unit further includes a plurality of MOS switches and thermistors:
each MOS switch is respectively arranged at one end of the DC-DC booster, the bidirectional DC-DC converter, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter, the lithium battery and the thermistor, which is close to the fuel cell stack, and the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment, and are respectively used for controlling the electric signal transmission of a branch where the fuel cell stack, the lithium battery, the super capacitor, the thermistor, the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are located;
each thermistor is arranged in the fuel cell stack, and the input end of each thermistor is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter through an MOS switch and used for heating cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack.
6. The operation assisting device of the on-vehicle fuel cell according to claim 5, wherein the data processing and controlling unit executes the following program when the motor of the entire vehicle is normally operated:
controlling MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery close to the fuel cell stack end to be closed, switching off the MOS switches of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor close to the fuel cell stack end, and switching on the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to ensure that the fuel cell stack charges the lithium battery through the DC-DC booster, supplies power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charges the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment through the DC-DC booster and the whole vehicle step-down DC converter in sequence;
monitoring the SOC electric quantity in the super capacitor at regular time, and once the SOC electric quantity is lower than the lower limit of a charging threshold, controlling the closing of an MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end to ensure that the electric quantity output by the fuel cell sequentially passes through the DC-DC booster and the bidirectional DC-DC converter to charge the super capacitor until the SOC electric quantity reaches the upper limit of the charging threshold, controlling the opening of the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end to stop charging the super capacitor;
regularly monitoring the residual capacity of the lithium battery according toNMeasuring the residual electric quantity of the lithium battery again to judge whether the lithium battery fails; if the lithium battery fails, the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end is controlled to be closed, so that the super capacitor charges the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment, and the MOS switch of the bidirectional DC-DC converter close to the fuel cell stack end is controlled to be disconnected until the electric quantity of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment is full.
7. The operation assisting device of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the data processing and control unit executes the following program when the motor of the entire vehicle is ready to start:
controlling MOS switches of the bidirectional DC-DC converter and the thermistor, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be closed, MOS switches of the DC-DC booster, the whole vehicle step-down DC converter and the lithium battery, which are close to the fuel cell stack end, to be opened, and MOS switches of the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be opened, so that the super capacitor heats cooling liquid in the fuel cell stack through the bidirectional DC-DC converter;
in the heating process, monitoring the real-time temperature of the fuel cell stack, and once reaching a preset temperature, controlling the MOS switch of the thermistor close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched off, and controlling the DC-DC booster and the MOS switch of the lithium battery close to the fuel cell stack end to be switched on, so that the super capacitor supplies power to the fuel cell stack;
the MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment are controlled to be closed, so that the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment simultaneously supply power to a whole vehicle low-voltage power utilization system and a fuel cell low-voltage system;
and monitoring the output current of the fuel cell, and controlling MOS switches at the output ends of the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to be switched off to finish vehicle starting until the output current of the fuel cell reaches the preset load-carrying current.
8. An operation assist control method of a vehicle-mounted fuel cell, characterized by comprising the steps of:
acquiring the running state of a motor of the whole vehicle in real time;
if the vehicle is in a normal running state, identifying whether a parking instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the power is not received, controlling a fuel cell stack to supply power to a whole vehicle motor, and respectively charging a super capacitor, whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and FC low-voltage power supply equipment; if so, shutting down the whole vehicle;
if the vehicle is in a shutdown state, identifying whether a starting instruction of the whole vehicle is received; if the temperature of the fuel cell stack is not received, detecting the temperature of the fuel cell stack at regular time, controlling the super capacitor to heat and preserve the temperature of the fuel cell stack once the temperature of the fuel cell stack exceeds a lower threshold, and controlling the power supply of the fuel cell stack to execute shutdown purging; and if the current is received, controlling the super capacitor to supply power for the fuel cell stack, and simultaneously controlling the whole vehicle low-voltage power supply equipment and the FC low-voltage power supply equipment to respectively supply power for the whole vehicle low-voltage power system and the fuel cell low-voltage system until the vehicle is started.
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