CN113551824A - Bolt connection interface pressure detection method and device based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient - Google Patents
Bolt connection interface pressure detection method and device based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient Download PDFInfo
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- CN113551824A CN113551824A CN202110789118.7A CN202110789118A CN113551824A CN 113551824 A CN113551824 A CN 113551824A CN 202110789118 A CN202110789118 A CN 202110789118A CN 113551824 A CN113551824 A CN 113551824A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0042—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a torque
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于超声反射系数的螺栓连接界面压力检测方法及装置，属于螺栓连接结合面压力检测领域。采用水浸超声探头扫描被连接件，利用不同压力下超声波反射系数变化规律，建立起超声反射系数与螺栓连接界面压力之间的对应关系，从而实现结合面压力的检测；同时通过超声探头检测螺栓预紧力大小，从而确定了不同预紧力下的结合面压力分布。本发明与以往的结合面压力测试相比，保留了原始接触状态，减少了反射系数和压力大小对应关系的标定过程，同时增加了实时预紧力监测环节，进一步提高了精度与效率。
The invention discloses a method and a device for detecting the pressure of a bolt connection interface based on an ultrasonic reflection coefficient, and belongs to the field of pressure detection of a bolt connection interface. The water immersion ultrasonic probe is used to scan the connected parts, and the corresponding relationship between the ultrasonic reflection coefficient and the pressure of the bolt connection interface is established by using the changing law of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient under different pressures, so as to realize the detection of the joint surface pressure; at the same time, the ultrasonic probe is used to detect the bolts. The size of the preload force determines the pressure distribution of the joint surface under different preload forces. Compared with the previous joint surface pressure test, the present invention retains the original contact state, reduces the calibration process of the reflection coefficient and the corresponding relationship of the pressure, and at the same time adds a real-time preload force monitoring link, further improving the accuracy and efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pressure detection of bolt connection combination surfaces, and particularly relates to a method and a device for detecting pressure of a bolt connection interface based on an ultrasonic reflection coefficient.
Background
The bolt connection has the characteristics of simple structure, convenience in assembly and disassembly and reliability in fastening, and is widely applied to engineering. The bolt generates certain initial assembly stress in the actual assembly process, which is one of important factors influencing the assembly performance of the bolt connection. Proper assembly stress is beneficial to realizing full contact of connected pieces, and excessive assembly stress easily causes the bolt connection to exceed the bearing limit, damages the structural integrity and has great influence on the whole service life of the connecting structure. Under the action of assembly stress, the connecting structure is easy to have faults of fatigue, fracture, leakage and the like, and the safety and reliability of equipment use are seriously influenced. The stress measurement of the bolt connection interface can prevent the occurrence of faults, ensure the uniform stress distribution of the joint surface, optimize the design of the bolt pretightening force and the like. Therefore, the research for scientifically and accurately measuring the pressure of the bolt connection joint surface is more and more emphasized by people.
The current testing means aiming at the pressure of the bolt connection and combination surface comprise a pressure-sensitive film detection method, a thin digital sensor detection method and an ultrasonic detection method. Although the pressure-sensitive film is simple and easy to use, the pressure-sensitive film changes the contact state of the connected piece due to the fact that the pressure-sensitive film needs to be pressed between the connected pieces, the contact pressure cannot be truly reflected, and meanwhile the pressure change situation cannot be monitored in real time; although the thin digital sensor can monitor pressure change in real time, the thickness of the thin digital sensor is large, the thin digital sensor also needs to be placed between connected pieces, the integrity and the completeness of the structure are damaged, the real contact condition of the connected pieces is greatly changed, and meanwhile, the geometric space limitation exists, and the pressure size and the distribution condition cannot be truly reflected.
The ultrasonic detection is a novel method, and the existing ultrasonic detection method basically needs a calibration process, the structure of the calibration process is inconsistent with the actual structure, the contact states of different connected pieces are different, and meanwhile, the fitting curve has errors; in addition, the variation of the pretightening force of the bolt cannot be detected at the same time, and the pressure distribution of the pretightening force is lacked. By utilizing the method and the device, the reflection coefficient of an actual structure is directly measured, the bolt pretightening force is measured simultaneously, the corresponding relation between the reflection coefficient and the interface pressure is established, the measurement precision is further improved, the pressure detection cost is reduced, and a more accurate and method test mode is provided for the pressure distribution detection of the bolt connection combination surface.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the existing joint surface pressure detection method and overcoming the errors and high cost caused by the calibration process, the invention provides a method and a device for detecting the pressure of a bolt connection interface based on an ultrasonic reflection coefficient. The invention can simultaneously detect the pressure of the bolt connection joint surface and the bolt pretightening force, thereby improving the accuracy of real-time monitoring; the pressure change is represented by the amplitude change of the ultrasonic first echo, so that the low-resolution error of double waves is avoided, and the measurement precision is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a bolt connection interface pressure detection device based on ultrasonic reflection coefficients comprises an ultrasonic water immersion probe 1, a clamp 2, a water flowing pipeline 3, a single plate 4, a connecting plate 5, an ultrasonic probe 7, an ultrasonic transceiver 8, an oscilloscope 9 and a PC (personal computer) terminal 10; the ultrasonic probe 7 is placed on the bolt 6 pasted with the piezoelectric ceramic plate, and the ultrasonic probe 7 is connected with the ultrasonic transceiver 8. The ultrasonic transceiver 8 uses a single-receiving and single-transmitting function, and can generate and receive signals; an output signal of the ultrasonic transceiver 8 is transmitted to an oscilloscope 9, the oscilloscope 9 is connected with a PC (personal computer) terminal 10, and the pretightening force of the bolt 6 is detected in real time; the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 moves along with the clamp 2 after being fixed by the clamp, the clamp 2 is arranged on a slide block a12 of the horizontal guide rail 13 or a slide block b14 of the vertical guide rail 11, and the two groups of guide rail slide blocks ensure the movement in two directions; one side surface of the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 is connected with a water flowing pipeline 3, water is used as a coupling agent to fill the space between the clamp 2 and the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1, and the ultrasonic focusing degree is increased; the signal wire on the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 is connected with the ultrasonic transceiver 8, and the single-receiving single-transmitting function of the ultrasonic transceiver 8 is used; the ultrasonic transceiver 8 is connected with the oscilloscope 9, and the oscilloscope 9 is connected with the PC terminal 10 for data transmission and data processing; bolts 6 extend through the connecting plate 5 into the veneer 4, and by preloading the bolts 6, a pressure is present between the veneer 4 and the connecting plate 5.
And a circle of waterproof adhesive tape is wound at the joint surface of the single plate 4 and the connecting plate 5 to prevent water flow from flowing in.
A bolt connection interface pressure detection method based on ultrasonic reflection coefficients comprises the following specific steps:
1) when the board 5 is not connected, detecting the reflection amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the single board 4 by the water immersion ultrasonic probe 1, and determining the initial reflection coefficient;
2) loading the bolt 6 by using a torque wrench to ensure that pressure exists between the veneer 4 and the connecting plate 5, detecting the pretightening force of the bolt 6 by using the ultrasonic probe 7, detecting the radial distribution range of the ultrasonic signal reflection coefficient along the bolt 6 by moving the water immersion ultrasonic probe 1, and determining the outer radius r of the contact pressurewInner radius of contact pressure rnAnd the contact area A;
wherein the contact area A is the outer radius r of the contact pressurewAnd contact pressure inner radius rnCalculated by difference, contact pressure outer radius rwIs determined by the intersection point of a single plate 4 signal and an interface rigidity curve, wherein the interface rigidity curve is determined by a relational expression of a reflection coefficient and interface rigidity, and the contact pressure inner radius rnIs the bolt hole boundary;
3) determining the interface rigidity K according to the reflection coefficient ratio R1And further by the interface stiffness K1And a proportional constant m of the pressure and the interface rigidity to obtain an interface pressure P;
reflection coefficient and interface stiffness K1The relation of (1):
mK1＝P
wherein z is the characteristic impedance of the polar plate, F is the ultrasonic center frequency, R is the ratio of the reflection coefficient, m is the proportionality constant of the pressure and the interface rigidity, F is the pretightening force of the bolt, R is the radial distance from the symmetric axis of the bolt 6, P is the interface pressure, R is the pressure of the interfaceaIs a screw threadKeyhole boundary rn，rbIs the connected element boundary.
Calibrating the pretightening force of the bolt 6 before operation; and in the test process, the condition that the temperature has no sudden change or large change is ensured.
Applying a specific torque to the bolt 6 through a torque wrench, and acquiring ultrasonic signals and performing filtering processing under the condition of ensuring that the temperature does not change suddenly; detecting the pretightening force of the bolt and detecting the interface pressure value at the same time; starting from a bolt loose state, the torque wrench is continuously screwed, the size of the pretightening force of the bolt 6 is increased, the interface rigidity is changed, and the change condition of the interface pressure is detected.
The key step of detecting pressure based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient:
1) when the connecting plate 5 is not arranged, detecting the reflection amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the single plate 4, and determining an initial reflection coefficient;
2) loading the bolts 6 by using a torque wrench, so that pressure exists between the connecting plates 5, detecting the pretightening force of the bolts 6, and simultaneously detecting the radial distribution range of the water immersion ultrasonic signal reflection coefficient along the bolts 6 by moving the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 to determine the distribution radius and the contact area of the contact pressure;
3) and calculating a reflection coefficient ratio, determining the interface rigidity, and calculating a proportionality constant through the interface rigidity and the contact area to obtain the interface pressure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior joint surface pressure test, the method provided by the invention maintains the original contact state, reduces the calibration process of the corresponding relation between the reflection coefficient and the pressure, increases the real-time pretightening force monitoring link, and further improves the precision and the efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of interface pressure detection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the interface pressure sensing device;
FIG. 3 is an overall schematic view of the interface pressure detecting apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a clamp;
FIG. 5 is a graph of interfacial pressure versus reflectance measurements.
In the figure: the ultrasonic water immersion probe comprises an ultrasonic water immersion probe 1, a clamp 2, a water flowing pipeline 3, a single plate 4, a connecting plate 5, an ultrasonic probe 6, an ultrasonic transceiver 8, an oscilloscope 9, a PC (personal computer) end 10, a vertical guide rail 11, a sliding block a12, a horizontal guide rail 13 and a sliding block b 14.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by specific examples, which are only for illustrating the present invention and do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.
1. Interface pressure building model based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient detection
The reflection coefficients of the original signal and the pressurized signal are different due to the discontinuity of the interface, and the ratio of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient (the reflection coefficient R in a zero-pressure state) is detectedmeasAnd a pressure state reflection coefficient Rref) To characterize the magnitude of the interfacial pressure.
Reflection coefficient versus interface stiffness:
wherein, K1The interface rigidity is, z is the characteristic impedance of the polar plate, f is the ultrasonic center frequency, and R is the ratio of the reflection coefficients.
With the application of a pretension force F, the interfacial stiffness differs from the conventional stiffness by a factor of the contact area a:
where k is the average stiffness of the interface, δzIs the relative normal displacement of the interface, PmeanIs the average contact pressure over the nominal area.
Thus, the average pressure versus interface stiffness is:
further, the local pressure P may be expressed as:
the proportionality constant between actual interface stiffness and pressure is the same as the integral of the sum of actual interface stiffness and normal force divided by the contact area, as follows:
mK1＝P
wherein the contact area A is defined by the contact outer radius rwAnd contact inner radius rnContact pressure outer radius r calculated by the differencewThe method is determined by the intersection point of a signal of a single plate 4 and an interface rigidity curve, wherein the interface rigidity curve is determined by a relational expression of a reflection coefficient and interface rigidity; contact pressure inner radius rnIs the bolt hole boundary.
In the test process, all pressure calculations are converted through a coefficient m calculated by actual interface rigidity, the pressure is increased along with the increase of the pretightening force, and meanwhile, the contact area defined by the radius of the pressure signal is not obviously changed along with the increase of the pressure.
2. Interface pressure testing device structure and working principle
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention is divided into two parts, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.
Establishing the relation between the ultrasonic reflection coefficient and the interface pressure:
1) ensuring that the temperature does not have sudden change or change greatly in the test process and calibrating the bolt pretightening force before operation;
2) a water flowing pipeline 3 is fixed beside the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1, water is used as a coupling agent for ultrasonic detection to ensure sufficient water flow, the clamp 2 is filled with water in the detection process and submerges the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1, the ultrasonic focusing degree is increased, in order to prevent a water flowing bolt from being influenced by the joint surface of a connecting piece to control the amplitude of an ultrasonic signal, a circle of waterproof adhesive tape is wound on the joint surface of the single plate 4 and the connecting plate 5 to control the water flow;
3) the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 corresponds to a corresponding area of the bolt 6, the ultrasonic water immersion probe is connected with an ultrasonic transceiver 8 through a signal line on the ultrasonic water immersion probe, the adjustment uses a single receiving and single sending function, signals can be generated and received, the ultrasonic transceiver 8 is connected with an oscilloscope 9 through a BNC line, the oscilloscope 9 and a PC end 10 carry out data transmission through a GPIB, and the PC end 10 adopts Labview to write a data processing program for signal acquisition and signal processing;
4) the ultrasonic water immersion probe 1 is fixedly controlled by the clamp 2, the movable clamp 2 is arranged on the slide block a12 of the horizontal guide rail 13 or the slide block b14 of the vertical guide rail 11, and the two groups of guide rail slide blocks ensure the movement in two directions;
5) an ultrasonic probe 7 is placed on a bolt 6 pasted with a piezoelectric ceramic piece, the single-receiving and single-transmitting functions of an ultrasonic transceiver 8 are used for transmitting the signals to an oscilloscope 9, the oscilloscope 9 is connected with a PC (personal computer) end 10 through a BNC (bayonet nut connector) line, and the bolt pretightening force is detected in real time through a PC end Labview program;
6) applying a specific torque to the bolt 6 through a torque wrench, acquiring an ultrasonic signal under the condition of ensuring that the temperature does not suddenly change, carrying out filtering processing, detecting the pretightening force of the bolt 6, and simultaneously detecting an interface pressure value;
7) starting from a bolt loose state, continuously screwing a torque wrench, increasing the pre-tightening force of the bolt, changing the rigidity of an interface, and detecting the change condition of the pressure of the interface;
3. the key step of detecting pressure based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient:
1) when the connecting plate 5 is not provided, detecting the reflection amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the single plate 4 by the water immersion ultrasonic probe 1, and determining the initial reflection coefficient;
2) loading the bolt 6 by using a torque wrench, so that pressure exists between the veneer 4 and the connecting plate 5, detecting the bolt pretightening force by using the ultrasonic probe 7, and driving the water immersion ultrasonic probe 1 to detect the radial distribution range of the ultrasonic signal along the bolt 6 by moving the clamp 2 connected with the slide block a12 of the horizontal guide rail 13 or the slide block b14 of the vertical guide rail 15, so as to determine the distribution radius and the contact area of the interface pressure;
3) and calculating a reflection coefficient ratio, determining the interface rigidity, and calculating a proportionality constant through the interface rigidity and the contact area to obtain the interface pressure.
Claims (5)
1. The device for detecting the pressure of the bolt connection interface based on the ultrasonic reflection coefficient is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic water immersion probe (1), a clamp (2), a water flowing pipeline (3), a single plate (4), a connecting plate (5), an ultrasonic probe (7), an ultrasonic transceiver (8), an oscilloscope (9) and a PC (personal computer) end (10); the ultrasonic probe (7) is placed on the bolt (6) stuck with the piezoelectric ceramic plate, and the ultrasonic probe (7) is connected with the ultrasonic transceiver (8); an output signal of the ultrasonic transceiver (8) is transmitted to an oscilloscope (9), the oscilloscope (9) is connected with a PC (personal computer) end (10), and the pretightening force of the bolt (6) is detected in real time; the ultrasonic water immersion probe (1) is fixed by a clamp (2), and the clamp (2) slides on the guide rail according to the detection requirement; one side surface of the ultrasonic water immersion probe (1) is connected with a water flowing pipeline (3), water is used as a coupling agent to fill the space between the clamp (2) and the ultrasonic water immersion probe (1), and the ultrasonic focusing degree is increased; a signal wire on the ultrasonic water immersion probe (1) is connected with an ultrasonic transceiver (8), the ultrasonic transceiver (8) is connected with an oscilloscope (9), and the oscilloscope (9) is connected with a PC (personal computer) end (10) for data transmission and data processing; the bolt (6) extends into the veneer (4) through the connecting plate (5), and pressure exists between the veneer (4) and the connecting plate (5) by preloading the bolt (6).
2. The device for detecting the pressure of the bolted connection interface based on the ultrasonic reflection coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein a circle of waterproof adhesive tape is wound at the joint surface of the single plate (4) and the connecting plate (5) to prevent water from flowing in.
3. A bolt connection interface pressure detection method based on ultrasonic reflection coefficients is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
1) when the board (5) is not connected, detecting the reflection amplitude of the ultrasonic signal of the single board (4) through the water immersion ultrasonic probe (1) to determine an initial reflection coefficient;
2) loading the bolt (6) by using a torque wrench to enable pressure to exist between the veneer (4) and the connecting plate (5), detecting the pretightening force of the bolt (6) by using the ultrasonic probe (7), detecting the radial distribution range of the ultrasonic signal reflection coefficient along the bolt (6) by moving the water immersion ultrasonic probe (1), and determining the contact pressure outer radius rwInner radius of contact pressure rnAnd the contact area A;
wherein the contact area A is the contact pressure outer radius rwAnd contact pressure inner radius rnThe difference between the two; outer radius of contact pressure rwThe method is determined by the intersection point of a signal of the single plate (4) and an interface rigidity curve, wherein the interface rigidity curve is determined by a relational expression of a reflection coefficient and interface rigidity; contact pressure inner radius rnIs the bolt hole boundary;
3) determining the interface rigidity K according to the reflection coefficient ratio R1And further by the interface stiffness K1And a proportional constant m of the pressure and the interface rigidity to obtain an interface pressure P;
reflection coefficient and interface stiffness K1The relation of (1):
mK1＝P
wherein z is the characteristic impedance of the polar plate, F is the ultrasonic center frequency, R is the ratio of the reflection coefficient, m is the proportionality constant of the pressure and the interface rigidity, F is the pretightening force of the bolt, R is the radial distance from the symmetric axis of the bolt (6), P is the interface pressure, R is the radial distance between the pretightening force of the bolt and the symmetric axis of the bolt (6)aIs the bolt hole boundary rn，rbIs the connected element boundary.
4. The method for detecting the pressure of the bolt connection interface based on the ultrasonic reflection coefficient is characterized in that the pretightening force of the bolt (6) is calibrated before operation; and in the test process, the condition that the temperature has no sudden change or large change is ensured.
5. The method for detecting the pressure of the bolt connection interface based on the ultrasonic reflection coefficient is characterized in that a specific torque is applied to the bolt (6) through a torque wrench, and an ultrasonic signal is collected and filtered under the condition that the temperature is ensured not to change suddenly; detecting the pretightening force of the bolt and detecting the interface pressure value at the same time; starting from a bolt loose state, the torque wrench is continuously screwed, the pre-tightening force of the bolt (6) is increased, the interface rigidity is changed, and the interface pressure change condition is detected.
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| CN202110789118.7A CN113551824B (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2021-07-13 | A method and device for detecting interface pressure of bolted joints based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient |
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| CN202110789118.7A CN113551824B (en) | 2021-07-13 | 2021-07-13 | A method and device for detecting interface pressure of bolted joints based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient |
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| CN115510594A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2022-12-23 | 中国航发沈阳发动机研究所 | Connection interface state control and detection method |
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| CN113551824B (en) | 2022-05-31 |
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