CN113550743B - Oil well heat tracing production judgment method - Google Patents
Oil well heat tracing production judgment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113550743B CN113550743B CN202010337120.6A CN202010337120A CN113550743B CN 113550743 B CN113550743 B CN 113550743B CN 202010337120 A CN202010337120 A CN 202010337120A CN 113550743 B CN113550743 B CN 113550743B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a judging method for oil well heat tracing production, which comprises the following steps: step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced at the wellhead of an oil well under the condition of interval of a first set temperature and a first set time; step 2, preparing a temperature and viscosity relation curve of the crude oil sample; step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidifying point; and step 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not. The oil well heat tracing production judging method can determine the dynamic freezing points of crude oil under the conditions of different liquid yields and water contents in the flowing process of a shaft, and determine whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not by utilizing the relation between the dynamic freezing points and wellhead temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of oil exploitation, in particular to a judging method for oil well heat tracing production.
Background
At present, a plurality of thermal recovery wells in some oil fields in China are damaged by cables and do not go into heat tracing measures, but can still be produced normally, the analysis reasons are that part of the wells enter a high water content stage, the water content is over 95 percent, the oil-water mixed solution flows in the form of oil in water in the flowing process of a shaft, and the viscosity is low without heat tracing production; and the heat exchange between the part of the thermal recovery well and the stratum is insufficient in the flowing process of the shaft due to the large yield, the crude oil still keeps high temperature, and the viscosity is low, so that the production of heat tracing is not needed. The conventional freezing point testing method can not simulate the viscosity change of crude oil in the flowing process of a shaft under the conditions of different liquid yields and water contents, so that whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not can not be judged.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to determine whether oil wells need heat tracing production, the application provides an oil well heat tracing production judging method which can determine dynamic freezing points of crude oil under different liquid production and water content conditions in the flowing process of a shaft and determine whether oil wells need heat tracing production by utilizing the relation between the dynamic freezing points and wellhead temperature.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a judging method for oil well heat tracing production comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced at the wellhead of an oil well under the condition of interval of a first set temperature and a first set time;
step 2, preparing a temperature and viscosity relation curve of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidifying point;
and step 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not.
In step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃.
In step 1, the calculation formula of the first set time is:
t is a first set time, and the unit is min;
e is the ground temperature gradient, the unit is ℃/100m;
q is the crude oil yield of the oil well, and the unit is m 3 /d；
d is the inner diameter of the oil pipe in mm.
In step 1, the crude oil sample is an aqueous crude oil.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature;
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, enabling the crude oil sample to reduce the first set temperature and interval the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 for a plurality of times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature.
In step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the well is above the dynamic freezing point, the well is produced without heat tracing; when the wellhead temperature is below the dynamic freezing point, the well requires heat production.
When the oil well needs heat tracing production, the oil well heat tracing production judging method further comprises the following steps:
and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well.
In step 5, determining a downhole temperature field of the oil well, wherein the depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic freezing point in the downhole temperature field is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well reaches the wellhead and requires heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
The beneficial effects of the application are as follows: the oil well heat tracing production judging method can determine the dynamic freezing points of crude oil under the conditions of different liquid yields and water contents in the flowing process of a shaft, and determine whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not by utilizing the relation between the dynamic freezing points and wellhead temperature. When the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat production; when the wellhead temperature is below the dynamic freezing point, the well requires heat production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of determining heat tracing production of an oil well.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water bath.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a beaker.
FIG. 4 is a graph of temperature versus viscosity for crude oil samples.
FIG. 5 is a downhole temperature field of an oil well.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings in connection with embodiments.
A judging method for oil well heat tracing production comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced at the wellhead of an oil well under the condition of interval of a first set temperature and a first set time;
step 2, preparing a temperature and viscosity relation curve of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidifying point;
and step 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not, as shown in fig. 1.
In step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃, i.e. the viscosity is measured every time the crude oil sample is raised or lowered by 1 ℃. In step 1, the crude oil sample is an aqueous crude oil, i.e., the crude oil sample is a crude oil sample (i.e., a non-dehydrated crude oil sample) that is directly collected from the wellhead of the well and that contains crude oil and water without any treatment. In step 1, measuring the viscosity of the crude oil sample is performed in a room.
In step 1, the calculation formula of the first set time is:
t is a first set time, and the unit is min; at this time, t is the time for each 1℃interval (which may also be referred to as waiting) for the crude oil sample to rise or fall;
e is the ground temperature gradient, the unit is ℃/100m; the ground temperature gradient can be obtained by actual measurement, and is typically 3 ℃/100m, and in this embodiment, the following calculation is performed at 3 ℃/100m.
Q is the crude oil yield of the oil well, and the unit is m 3 /d, obtainable by collection at the wellhead of the well;
d is the inner diameter of the oil pipe in m, which can be obtained by direct measurement.
The crude oil static freezing point test adopts a fixed time interval for testing the dehydrated crude oil. Different from the static freezing point of crude oil, the dynamic freezing point test of the application considers the influence of yield on the temperature of the crude oil containing water, and the test result reflects the fluidity of the crude oil in a shaft during normal production of an oil well. The testing method comprises the following steps: and calculating the flow velocity in the oil pipes with different sizes according to the liquid production amount, and calculating the flowing distance of crude oil corresponding to each 1 ℃ drop in temperature in the shaft according to the ground temperature gradient, so as to obtain the time required by the different flow velocities to pass through the shaft distance. And determining the dynamic freezing point of the oil sample under the conditions of the liquid yield and the water content by testing the crude oil viscosity-temperature relation curve under the time interval through an indoor experiment.
The test time for each 1℃ interval of the increase or decrease of the crude oil sample will be described below by taking the inside diameter of the oil pipe in the oil well as 88.9mm or 73mm as an example, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Wherein, for example, the crude oil yield of the oil well is 10m 3 And/d, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 88.9mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured every 1 ℃ rise or fall and 21.7min intervals. For example, oil wells with crude oil production of 20m 3 And/d, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 88.9mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured every time the crude oil sample rises or falls by 1 ℃ and is separated by 10.8 min. For example, oil wells with crude oil production of 15m 3 And/d, the inner diameter of the oil pipe is 73mm, and the viscosity of the crude oil sample is measured every time the crude oil sample rises or falls by 1 ℃ and is separated by 9.6 min.
The step 1 comprises the following steps:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature (e.g., 60 ℃ to 70 ℃);
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, reducing the crude oil sample by the first set temperature (such as 1 ℃) and spacing the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 through 1.4 a plurality of times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature (e.g., 20 ℃ C. To 30 ℃ C.).
During this process, the viscosity value and corresponding temperature value of each measured crude oil sample are recorded. The crude oil yield of the oil well is 10m 3 The measurement method of the viscosity value of the crude oil can be referred to SY/T0520-2008 "balance method of crude oil viscosity measurement rotational viscometer", wherein the viscosity value of the crude oil is measured by using DV3T rheometer of Bowler-Nordheim company in U.S., and the rheometer comprises a water bath, a rotational viscometer, a degree probe and a rotor. The specific operation process is as follows:
step 1.1, starting a water bath kettle, heating the temperature to 60 ℃, pouring the crude oil sample into a beaker, and placing the beaker 2 into the water bath kettle so as to heat the crude oil sample to 60 ℃;
step 1.2, starting a rotary viscometer, zeroing and resetting an instrument, installing a temperature probe and a rotor, placing the temperature probe and the rotor in the crude oil sample in the beaker, rotating the rotor to a set value, and performing experimental record after the instrument shows that the viscosity of the oil sample to be measured is stable, namely measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample at the moment to be N1;
step 1.3, reducing the temperature of the water bath kettle by 1 ℃ and waiting for 21.7min;
step 1.4, recording the viscosity value of the crude oil sample displayed by the instrument, namely measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample at the moment to be N2;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 a plurality of times until the temperature of the water bath (and the crude oil sample) reaches 20 ℃, as shown in fig. 2 and 3.
And (5) after the experiment is finished, turning off the power supply, and cleaning and finishing the instrument. The above measurement procedure yielded 31 sets of corresponding viscosity and temperature values. The 31 sets of corresponding viscosity and temperature values were then made into a temperature versus viscosity curve for the crude oil sample as described in step 2, as shown in fig. 4.
And step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidifying point. Finding the inflection point of the temperature versus viscosity curve can be done using existing mathematical methods. For example, as shown in fig. 4, the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the viscosity curve is 45 ℃. This temperature is the dynamic freezing point (45 ℃) of the undehydrated crude oil in the well.
In step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the well is above the dynamic freezing point, the well is produced without heat tracing; when the wellhead temperature is below the dynamic freezing point, the well requires heat production. The temperature of the wellhead may be obtained by actual measurements. For example, the temperature of the wellhead of the well is obtained by actual measurement to be 50 ℃, and the well does not need heat production; alternatively, the well head temperature is 30 ℃ obtained by actual measurement, and the well requires heat production.
When the oil well needs heat tracing production, the oil well heat tracing production judging method further comprises the following steps: and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well. I.e., determining whether heat trace production is desired throughout the entire well depth of the well, or only within a certain depth, and specifically within which depth heat trace production is desired.
Specifically, in step 5, a downhole temperature field of the oil well is first determined, where the downhole temperature field is a relationship curve between downhole depth and temperature, and typically the downhole temperature gradually increases with increasing well depth, and the downhole temperature field may be obtained through actual measurement or software simulation after sampling. The depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic solidifying point in the underground temperature field is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well reaches the wellhead and needs heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
For example, the total depth of the oil well is 2500 m, the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is 16 ℃, the temperature of the wellhead 1100 m away from the wellhead is 45 ℃, and the temperature is the same as the dynamic solidifying point 45 ℃ of the crude oil in the oil well, 1100 m is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and heat tracing production is required from the wellhead to the underground 1100 m, as shown in fig. 5. If the temperature at 1500 m from the wellhead is 45 ℃ and is the same as the dynamic freezing point 45 ℃ of the crude oil in the oil well, 1500 m is the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, heat tracing production is required from the wellhead to 1500 m in the well, and the depth above the horizontal broken line in fig. 5 is the depth required for heat tracing production.
The oil well heat tracing production judging method can be carried out in an indoor laboratory, the dynamic freezing points of crude oil under the conditions of different liquid yields and water contents in the flowing process of a shaft can be determined, and whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not is determined by utilizing the relation between the dynamic freezing points and the wellhead temperature. When the temperature of the wellhead of the oil well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the oil well does not need heat production; when the wellhead temperature is below the dynamic freezing point, the well requires heat production. The dynamic freezing point can be used for judging the heat tracing limit of the oil well and optimizing heat tracing parameters so as to reduce the heat tracing cost.
The foregoing description of the embodiments of the application is not intended to limit the scope of the application, so that the substitution of equivalent elements or equivalent variations and modifications within the scope of the application shall fall within the scope of the patent. In addition, the technical characteristics and technical characteristics, the technical characteristics and technical scheme and the technical scheme can be freely combined for use.
Claims (8)
1. The oil well heat tracing production judging method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, measuring the viscosity of a crude oil sample produced at the wellhead of an oil well under the condition of interval of a first set temperature and a first set time;
step 2, preparing a temperature and viscosity relation curve of the crude oil sample;
step 3, finding out the temperature corresponding to the inflection point of the relation curve of the temperature and the viscosity, wherein the temperature is a dynamic solidifying point;
step 4, judging whether the oil well needs heat tracing production or not;
in step 1, the first set temperature is 1 ℃;
in step 1, the calculation formula of the first set time is:
t is a first set time, and the unit is min;
e is the ground temperature gradient, the unit is ℃/100m;
q is the crude oil yield of the oil well, and the unit is m 3 /d；
d is the inner diameter of the oil pipe in mm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the crude oil sample is an aqueous crude oil.
3. The method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well according to claim 1, wherein said step 1 comprises the steps of:
step 1.1, heating the crude oil sample to a first target temperature;
step 1.2, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.3, enabling the crude oil sample to reduce the first set temperature and interval the first set time;
step 1.4, measuring the viscosity value of the crude oil sample;
step 1.5, repeating steps 1.3 to 1.4 for a plurality of times until the crude oil sample reaches a second target temperature.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step 1.1, the first target temperature is 60 ℃ to 70 ℃.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein in step 1.5, the second target temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, when the temperature of the wellhead of the well is higher than the dynamic freezing point, the well is not required to be subjected to heat tracing production; when the wellhead temperature is below the dynamic freezing point, the well requires heat production.
7. The method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well according to claim 6, wherein when the oil well requires heat tracing production, the method for judging heat tracing production of an oil well further comprises the steps of:
and 5, determining the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein in step 5, a downhole temperature field of the oil well is determined, and a depth corresponding to the same temperature as the dynamic freezing point in the downhole temperature field is a heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well, and the heat tracing production limit depth of the oil well is equal to the wellhead required heat tracing production; the oil well does not need heat tracing production below the heat tracing production limit depth.
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