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CN113539223B - Helmholtz sound absorption device - Google Patents

Helmholtz sound absorption device Download PDF

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CN113539223B
CN113539223B CN202110781384.5A CN202110781384A CN113539223B CN 113539223 B CN113539223 B CN 113539223B CN 202110781384 A CN202110781384 A CN 202110781384A CN 113539223 B CN113539223 B CN 113539223B
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sound absorption
cavity
wall
sound
helmholtz
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CN113539223A (en
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杜敬涛
郭凡浩
贾康
刘杨
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Harbin Engineering University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G10MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects

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Abstract

The invention provides a Helmholtz sound absorption device, which comprises a neck pipe, a resonant cavity and a sound absorption cavity, wherein the neck pipe is communicated with the resonant cavity through a resonant cavity communication hole; the inner wall of the sound absorption cavity provided with the sound absorption cavity communicating hole is a first inner wall, and a spiral structure is arranged on the first inner wall; a track in a spiral line shape is arranged on the first inner wall, and a curved surface formed by extending from the track along a direction vertical to the first inner wall is in a spiral structure; and the initial opening of the spiral line is communicated with the sound absorption cavity communication hole. The Helmholtz sound absorption device can expand the frequency range of sound absorption waves and is widely applied to the field of noise control.

Description

一种亥姆霍兹吸声装置A Helmholtz sound absorption device

技术领域technical field

本发明属于振动噪声控制技术领域,涉及一种振动噪声控制装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration and noise control, and relates to a vibration and noise control device.

背景技术Background technique

现代工业、交通运输业蓬勃发展,随之而来的封闭空间的噪声问题也日益突出。管路、船舶舱室、汽车内部等封闭空间的噪声将会使相关机械设备产生“声疲劳”,恶化工作环境,降低人员工作效率。为了解决产生的噪声问题,对噪声进行控制与消除的技术得以发展。With the vigorous development of modern industry and transportation, the noise problem of enclosed spaces is also becoming more and more prominent. Noise in closed spaces such as pipelines, ship cabins, and interiors of automobiles will cause "acoustic fatigue" to related machinery and equipment, worsen the working environment, and reduce the work efficiency of personnel. In order to solve the problem of generated noise, techniques for controlling and eliminating noise have been developed.

噪声控制技术主要分为主动控制和被动控制两类技术。其中,主动控制系统中电子器件的引入会使系统复杂、昂贵,在某些情况下甚至会出现稳定性和可靠性问题。被动控制技术通常可以避免这一问题,例如亥姆霍兹共振器作为一种结构简单、在特定的频带内对噪声有良好的衰减能力的被动控制技术被广泛应用于封闭空间噪声控制领域。Noise control technology is mainly divided into two categories: active control and passive control. Among them, the introduction of electronic devices in active control systems can make the system complex, expensive, and in some cases even have stability and reliability issues. Passive control technology can usually avoid this problem. For example, Helmholtz resonator is widely used in the field of closed space noise control as a passive control technology with simple structure and good noise attenuation ability in a specific frequency band.

亥姆霍兹共振器最初被作为一个声音“频谱分析器”,随着理论的发展和技术的快速进步,它逐渐成为了放大、扩声、吸声的常用仪器。传统的亥姆霍兹吸声结构由封闭的共振腔、与共振腔连通的颈管组成,对低频噪声具有良好的吸收效果。当接收到外部声波时,亥姆霍兹吸声结构的颈部内的空气振动,共振腔中的空气产生恢复力,即系统中的声能由共振器颈部中的空气运动衰减,通过共振腔中的空气的刚度来调节。如果声波的频率等于系统的固有频率,则颈部气柱将产生严重的共振振动,克服摩擦阻力,消耗声能。Helmholtz resonator was originally used as a sound "spectrum analyzer". With the development of theory and the rapid progress of technology, it has gradually become a common instrument for amplification, sound reinforcement and sound absorption. The traditional Helmholtz sound absorption structure is composed of a closed resonant cavity and a neck tube connected to the resonant cavity, which has a good absorption effect on low-frequency noise. When an external sound wave is received, the air in the neck of the Helmholtz sound absorbing structure vibrates, and the air in the resonant cavity produces a restoring force, that is, the sound energy in the system is attenuated by the air movement in the resonator neck, through resonance The stiffness of the air in the cavity can be adjusted. If the frequency of the sound wave is equal to the natural frequency of the system, the air column of the neck will produce severe resonance vibration, overcome the frictional resistance and consume the sound energy.

传统亥姆霍兹吸声结构也具有一定的问题,即其能有效吸收其共振频率附近的声音,但共振频率在亥姆霍兹吸声结构设计之初就被确定,导致其吸声频带较窄,常被用作窄带低频吸声体;而且其吸声性能受限于结构的尺寸、材料等,吸声系数较低。The traditional Helmholtz sound absorption structure also has certain problems, that is, it can effectively absorb the sound near its resonance frequency, but the resonance frequency is determined at the beginning of the design of the Helmholtz sound absorption structure, resulting in a relatively low sound absorption frequency band. It is often used as a narrow-band low-frequency sound absorber; and its sound absorption performance is limited by the size and material of the structure, and the sound absorption coefficient is low.

故现有的亥姆霍兹吸声结构有待改进。Therefore, the existing Helmholtz sound absorption structure needs to be improved.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

为了克服传统亥姆霍兹吸声结构具有的上述问题,本发明提供了一种亥姆霍兹吸声装置。In order to overcome the above problems of the traditional Helmholtz sound absorption structure, the present invention provides a Helmholtz sound absorption device.

本发明的技术方案如下。The technical solution of the present invention is as follows.

一种亥姆霍兹吸声装置,包括颈管和共振腔,所述颈管和所述共振腔通过共振腔连通孔连通,还包括与所述共振腔连通的吸声腔,在所述共振腔的相对于所述共振腔连通孔的壁上设置有与所述吸声腔连通的吸声腔连通孔;设置有所述吸声腔连通孔的所述吸声腔的内壁为第一内壁,在所述第一内壁上设置有螺旋结构;在所述第一内壁上设置有螺旋线形状的轨迹,自所述轨迹沿垂直于所述第一内壁方向延伸形成的曲面为所述螺旋结构;所述螺旋线的初始开口与所述吸声腔连通孔连通。A Helmholtz sound absorption device includes a neck tube and a resonance cavity, the neck tube and the resonance cavity are communicated through a resonance cavity communication hole, and also includes a sound absorption cavity communicated with the resonance cavity. The wall of the cavity opposite to the communication hole of the resonance cavity is provided with a communication hole of the sound absorption cavity that communicates with the sound absorption cavity; the inner wall of the sound absorption cavity with the communication hole of the sound absorption cavity is the first inner wall , a helical structure is arranged on the first inner wall; a spiral-shaped track is arranged on the first inner wall, and the curved surface extending from the track in a direction perpendicular to the first inner wall is the spiral structure ; The initial opening of the helix is communicated with the communication hole of the sound-absorbing cavity.

可选地,所述螺旋线包括阿基米德螺旋线。Optionally, the helix comprises an Archimedes helix.

可选地,所述吸声腔连通孔包括圆孔,所述共振腔连通孔包括圆孔。Optionally, the sound absorption cavity communication hole includes a circular hole, and the resonance cavity communication hole includes a circular hole.

可选地,所述阿基米德螺旋线的起始点设置于所述吸声腔连通孔的边缘;所述阿基米德螺旋线的初始半径与所述吸声腔连通孔的半径相等。Optionally, the starting point of the Archimedes spiral is set at the edge of the communication hole of the sound absorption cavity; the initial radius of the Archimedes spiral is equal to the radius of the communication hole of the sound absorption cavity.

可选地,所述共振腔连通孔的中心点和所述吸声腔连通孔的中心点均设置在所述颈管的轴线的延长线上。Optionally, the center point of the resonant cavity communication hole and the center point of the sound absorption cavity communication hole are both set on the extension line of the axis of the neck tube.

可选地,所述共振腔连通孔的直径和所述吸声腔连通孔的直径相等。Optionally, the diameter of the resonant cavity communication hole is equal to the diameter of the sound absorption cavity communication hole.

可选地,所述延伸形成的曲面延伸到与所述第一内壁相对的所述吸声腔的第二内壁上。Optionally, the curved surface formed by the extension extends to a second inner wall of the sound absorbing cavity opposite to the first inner wall.

可选地,所述颈管的壁、所述共振腔的壁和所述吸声腔的壁的材质包括吸声材料。Optionally, the material of the wall of the neck tube, the wall of the resonance cavity and the wall of the sound absorption cavity includes sound absorption material.

可选地,在所述吸声腔的内壁上和/或所述螺旋结构上设置有吸声涂层。Optionally, a sound-absorbing coating is provided on the inner wall of the sound-absorbing cavity and/or on the helical structure.

本发明的技术效果:Technical effect of the present invention:

本发明的亥姆霍兹吸声装置,包括连通的颈管、共振腔和吸声腔。当接收到外部声波时,颈管内的空气振动,共振腔中的空气产生恢复力,当声波的频率与颈管和共振腔构成的亥姆霍兹吸声结构的自振频率一致时,共振腔内的空气发生共振,声波激发亥姆霍兹吸声结构产生振动,并使振幅达到最大。与此同时,吸声腔内的空气也发生同步振动。由于在吸声腔内设置了螺旋结构,设置了阻尼吸声涂层的螺旋结构具有负刚度特性,使得声波在沿螺旋结构形成的螺旋通道传递过程中更加紊乱,增大了传播介质(空气)与壁面碰撞、摩擦的可能,使得声波的能量更多地被消耗。因此,本发明的技术方案能够拓宽吸声装置的共振频率范围,可以吸收耗散的能量更多,实现了本发明的目的。The Helmholtz sound absorption device of the present invention comprises a connected neck tube, a resonance cavity and a sound absorption cavity. When an external sound wave is received, the air in the neck tube vibrates, and the air in the resonant cavity generates a restoring force. When the frequency of the sound wave is consistent with the natural frequency of the Helmholtz sound absorption structure formed by the neck tube and the resonant cavity, the resonant cavity will The air inside resonates, and the sound wave excites the Helmholtz sound-absorbing structure to vibrate and maximize the amplitude. At the same time, the air in the sound-absorbing cavity also vibrates synchronously. Since the helical structure is set in the sound-absorbing cavity, the helical structure with the damping sound-absorbing coating has negative stiffness characteristics, which makes the sound wave more turbulent during the transmission process along the helical channel formed by the helical structure, and increases the propagation medium (air) The possibility of collision and friction with the wall makes the energy of the sound wave more consumed. Therefore, the technical solution of the present invention can widen the resonance frequency range of the sound absorption device, and can absorb and dissipate more energy, thereby achieving the purpose of the present invention.

上述可选方式所具有的进一步效果,将在下文中结合具体实施方式加以说明。Further effects of the above-mentioned optional manners will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明亥姆霍兹吸声装置的一个实施例的正视剖视图。FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the Helmholtz sound absorbing device of the present invention.

图2为图1所示实施例的立体剖视图。FIG. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 .

图3为图1的俯视剖视图。FIG. 3 is a top sectional view of FIG. 1 .

图4为传统的亥姆霍兹吸声结构吸收声波后的声压分布图。Fig. 4 is the sound pressure distribution diagram after the traditional Helmholtz sound absorption structure absorbs the sound wave.

图5为本发明亥姆霍兹吸声装置吸收声波后的声压分布图。FIG. 5 is a sound pressure distribution diagram of the Helmholtz sound absorbing device of the present invention after absorbing sound waves.

图中标识说明如下:The symbols in the figure are explained as follows:

101、第一内壁;102、螺旋结构;103、第二内壁;104、吸声腔;105、吸声腔连通孔;106、共振腔;107、共振腔连通孔;108、颈管。101, first inner wall; 102, spiral structure; 103, second inner wall; 104, sound absorption cavity; 105, sound absorption cavity communication hole; 106, resonance cavity; 107, resonance cavity communication hole; 108, neck tube.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下结合附图所示的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings.

如图1所示,沿图1中自下而上的方向,本发明的亥姆霍兹吸声装置包括顺序连通的颈管108、共振腔106和吸声腔104。共振腔106和吸声腔104均为空腔结构。颈管108与共振腔106连通处为共振腔连通孔107。共振腔106与吸声腔104通过吸声腔连通孔105连通。共振腔连通孔107与吸声腔连通孔105相对设置,且共振腔连通孔107的中心点和吸声腔连通孔105的中心点均设置在颈管108的轴线的延长线上。吸声腔连通孔105和共振腔连通孔107均为圆孔,两者的孔径相等。As shown in FIG. 1 , along the direction from bottom to top in FIG. 1 , the Helmholtz sound absorption device of the present invention includes a neck tube 108 , a resonance cavity 106 and a sound absorption cavity 104 that are communicated in sequence. The resonant cavity 106 and the sound absorption cavity 104 are both cavity structures. The place where the neck tube 108 communicates with the resonance cavity 106 is the resonance cavity communication hole 107 . The resonance cavity 106 communicates with the sound absorption cavity 104 through the sound absorption cavity communication hole 105 . The resonance cavity communication hole 107 is disposed opposite to the sound absorption cavity communication hole 105 , and the center point of the resonance cavity communication hole 107 and the center point of the sound absorption cavity communication hole 105 are both set on the extension line of the axis of the neck tube 108 . Both the sound absorption cavity communication hole 105 and the resonance cavity communication hole 107 are round holes, and the diameters of the two are equal.

在吸声腔105内设置有具有负刚度特性的螺旋结构102。对于螺旋结构102的描述如下:设置了吸声腔连通孔105的吸声腔104的内壁为第一内壁101,在第一内壁101上设置螺旋线形状的轨迹,自该螺旋线形状的轨迹沿垂直于第一内壁101方向延伸至第二内壁103处形成的曲面即为螺旋结构102。第二内壁103是与第一内壁101相对的吸声腔104的内壁。前述螺旋线为阿基米德螺旋线。参考图3可见,该阿基米德螺旋线的起始点(即阿基米德螺旋线的中心起始点)设置于吸声腔连通孔105的边缘,且阿基米德螺旋线的初始半径与吸声腔连通孔105的半径相等。A helical structure 102 having negative stiffness characteristics is provided in the sound absorbing cavity 105 . The description of the helical structure 102 is as follows: the inner wall of the sound-absorbing cavity 104 with the sound-absorbing cavity communicating hole 105 is the first inner wall 101 , and a helical-shaped trajectory is set on the first inner wall 101 . The curved surface extending from the direction perpendicular to the first inner wall 101 to the second inner wall 103 is the helical structure 102 . The second inner wall 103 is the inner wall of the sound absorbing cavity 104 opposite to the first inner wall 101 . The aforementioned helix is an Archimedes helix. Referring to FIG. 3, it can be seen that the starting point of the Archimedes helix (that is, the starting point of the center of the Archimedes helix) is set at the edge of the communication hole 105 of the sound absorption cavity, and the initial radius of the Archimedes helix is the same as The radii of the sound absorption cavity communication holes 105 are equal.

颈管108的壁、共振腔106的壁和吸声腔104的壁的材质为吸声材料。吸声材料可以采用已知的吸声材料,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(有机玻璃、亚克力板)。吸声腔104的内壁和螺旋结构102上设置有吸声涂层。吸声涂层材料也采用已知的涂层材料,例如多孔聚氨酯吸声材料。The wall of the neck tube 108, the wall of the resonance cavity 106 and the wall of the sound absorption cavity 104 are made of sound absorption material. The sound-absorbing material can be a known sound-absorbing material, such as polymethyl methacrylate (plexiglass, acrylic plate). A sound-absorbing coating is provided on the inner wall of the sound-absorbing cavity 104 and the helical structure 102 . The sound-absorbing coating material also employs known coating materials, such as porous polyurethane sound-absorbing materials.

以下对本发明的亥姆霍兹吸声装置的工作过程进行描述,以进一步阐明本发明的技术方案。The working process of the Helmholtz sound absorption device of the present invention is described below to further clarify the technical solution of the present invention.

声波从颈管108进入到共振腔106中,在共振腔106中激发振动,这一振动通过吸声腔连通孔105引发吸声腔104中的空气发生同步振动。由于吸声腔连通孔105和共振腔连通孔107同轴设置且孔径相同,因此声波的传递到吸声腔104中不会发生声压损失,振动的能量能够顺畅地传递到吸声腔104中。如果有声压损失,损失的振动能量会驻留在共振腔106中,会有部分振动能量不能被吸声腔014吸收。The sound wave enters the resonant cavity 106 from the neck tube 108 and excites vibration in the resonant cavity 106 , and this vibration causes the air in the sound absorbing cavity 104 to vibrate synchronously through the sound absorbing cavity communication hole 105 . Since the sound-absorbing cavity communicating hole 105 and the resonating cavity communicating hole 107 are coaxially arranged and have the same diameter, there is no sound pressure loss when the sound wave is transmitted to the sound-absorbing cavity 104 , and the vibration energy can be smoothly transmitted to the sound-absorbing cavity 104 . If there is a sound pressure loss, the lost vibration energy will reside in the resonant cavity 106 , and part of the vibration energy cannot be absorbed by the sound absorption cavity 014 .

在吸声腔104中振动的声波沿具有负刚度特性的螺旋结构102的螺旋方向进行传递时,会与螺旋结构102的壁面碰撞、摩擦而被消耗,因此能够有效吸收声波的能量。图4和图5显示了传统的亥姆霍兹吸声结构与本发明亥姆霍兹吸声装置在同样试验条件下对比试验结果。对比图4和图5的结果可以看到,本发明亥姆霍兹吸声装置能够拓展吸收声波的频率范围。When the sound wave vibrating in the sound absorption cavity 104 is transmitted along the helical direction of the helical structure 102 with negative stiffness characteristics, it will collide with and rub against the wall surface of the helical structure 102 and be consumed, so the energy of the sound wave can be effectively absorbed. Figures 4 and 5 show the comparative test results of the traditional Helmholtz sound-absorbing structure and the Helmholtz sound-absorbing device of the present invention under the same test conditions. Comparing the results in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , it can be seen that the Helmholtz sound absorbing device of the present invention can expand the frequency range of absorbing sound waves.

值得注意的是,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非因此限定本发明的专利保护范围,本发明还可以采用等同技术进行替换。故凡运用本发明的说明书及图示内容所作的等效变化,或直接或间接运用于其他相关技术领域均包含于本发明所涵盖的范围内。It should be noted that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the patent protection of the present invention, and the present invention can also be replaced by equivalent technologies. Therefore, any equivalent changes made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A Helmholtz sound absorption device, comprising a neck tube and a resonance chamber, wherein the neck tube and the resonance chamber are communicated through a resonance chamber communication hole, characterized in that: the wall of the resonant cavity opposite to the resonant cavity communication hole is provided with a sound absorption cavity communication hole communicated with the sound absorption cavity; the inner wall of the sound absorption cavity provided with the sound absorption cavity communicating hole is a first inner wall, and a spiral structure is arranged on the first inner wall; a track in a spiral line shape is arranged on the first inner wall, and a curved surface formed by extending from the track along a direction vertical to the first inner wall is in a spiral structure; and the initial opening of the spiral line is communicated with the sound absorption cavity communication hole.
2. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 1 wherein: the helix comprises an archimedes helix.
3. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 2 wherein: the sound absorption cavity communication hole comprises a circular hole, and the resonance cavity communication hole comprises a circular hole.
4. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 3 wherein: the starting point of the Archimedes spiral is arranged at the edge of the sound absorption cavity communication hole; the initial radius of the Archimedes spiral line is equal to the radius of the sound absorption cavity communication hole.
5. A Helmholtz sound absorbing device as recited in claim 4, wherein: the center point of the resonant cavity communicating hole and the center point of the sound-absorbing cavity communicating hole are both arranged on the extension line of the axis of the neck pipe.
6. A Helmholtz sound absorbing device as recited in claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the resonant cavity communicating hole is equal to that of the sound absorption cavity communicating hole.
7. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 1 wherein: the curved surface formed by the extension extends to a second inner wall of the sound absorption cavity opposite to the first inner wall.
8. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 1 wherein: the wall of the neck pipe, the wall of the resonant cavity and the wall of the sound absorption cavity are made of sound absorption materials.
9. A helmholtz sound absorbing device according to claim 1 wherein: and a sound absorption coating is arranged on the inner wall of the sound absorption cavity and/or the spiral structure.
CN202110781384.5A 2021-07-11 2021-07-11 Helmholtz sound absorption device Active CN113539223B (en)

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