CN113533033A - Measuring Instrument for Young's Modulus of Metal Wire Based on the Principle of Hydraulic Micro-displacement Amplifier - Google Patents
Measuring Instrument for Young's Modulus of Metal Wire Based on the Principle of Hydraulic Micro-displacement Amplifier Download PDFInfo
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- CN113533033A CN113533033A CN202110812383.2A CN202110812383A CN113533033A CN 113533033 A CN113533033 A CN 113533033A CN 202110812383 A CN202110812383 A CN 202110812383A CN 113533033 A CN113533033 A CN 113533033A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/064—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with hydraulic indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
- G01N3/062—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with mechanical indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/14—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by dead weight, e.g. pendulum; generated by springs tension
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0605—Mechanical indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0611—Hydraulic or pneumatic indicating, recording or sensing means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于液压微小位移放大器原理的金属丝杨氏模量测量仪器，属于测量装置领域，主要包括砝码、砝码盘、注射器、输液管、毛细管和刻度尺，待测量杨氏模量的金属丝呈竖直设置，金属丝的上端紧固在铁架台上，下端穿过固定件的中心孔连接在砝码盘的上表面；注射器、毛细管和输液管连通后构成微小位移放大器；毛细管呈竖直设置，毛细管由疏水材料制成；刻度尺用于显示毛细管内部的液面所在位置。通过加减砝码，砝码盘的上下移动体现在注射器活塞的位移上，注射器活塞的位移导致注射器中压力的变化，使毛细管中水位变化。本发明具有放大倍数更大，观测更加精准，操作更加简便，实验仪器简单，实验现象直观。
The invention discloses a wire Young's modulus measuring instrument based on the principle of hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier, which belongs to the field of measuring devices and mainly includes weights, weight plates, syringes, infusion tubes, capillaries and scales. Young's modulus to be measured The modulus wire is arranged vertically, the upper end of the wire is fastened on the iron frame, and the lower end is connected to the upper surface of the weight plate through the central hole of the fixing piece; the syringe, the capillary tube and the infusion tube are connected to form a tiny displacement amplifier ; The capillary is arranged vertically, and the capillary is made of hydrophobic material; the scale is used to display the position of the liquid level inside the capillary. By adding and subtracting weights, the up and down movement of the weight plate is reflected in the displacement of the syringe piston. The displacement of the syringe piston causes the pressure in the syringe to change and the water level in the capillary to change. The invention has the advantages of larger magnification, more accurate observation, simpler operation, simple experimental instrument and intuitive experimental phenomenon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of measuring devices, and particularly relates to a wire Young modulus measuring instrument based on the principle of a hydraulic micro displacement amplifier.
Background
Young's modulus is a physical quantity describing the resistance of a solid material to deformation, also called tensile modulus, which is an important physical quantity characterizing the properties of the solid material, is one of the bases for selecting the solid material, and is a common parameter in engineering technology. The method is characterized in that physics is a natural science based on experiments, the physical experiments play an important role in physical teaching, the Young modulus measurement is an important experiment in college physical experiment courses, the Young modulus measurement is mainly used for measuring the Young modulus of a metal wire at present, but most of the most representative methods for measuring the Young modulus of the metal wire at present use an optical amplification principle, but the principle has high requirements on instrument adjustment, large influence of human factors and large errors of measurement and experiment results.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wire Young modulus measuring instrument based on a hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier principle aiming at the problems that the existing method for measuring the Young modulus of a wire by applying a light amplification principle has large influence of human factors and large errors of measurement and experimental results.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: wire Young modulus measuring instrument based on small displacement amplifier principle of hydraulic pressure, including iron stand platform and spirit level, the spirit level sets up on the iron stand platform, its characterized in that: the device comprises a fixed part, weights, a weight tray, a syringe, a perfusion tube, a capillary tube and a graduated scale, wherein a metal wire of which the Young modulus is to be measured is vertically arranged, the upper end of the metal wire is fastened on an iron support, and the lower end of the metal wire penetrates through a central hole of the fixed part and is connected to the upper surface of the weight tray; the fixed part is fixed on the iron support; the weights are placed on the weight tray; the piston end of the injector is fixed on the lower surface of the weight plate, and the needle end of the injector is communicated and hermetically connected with the infusion tube; one end of the infusion tube, which is far away from the injector, is communicated with the lower end of the capillary tube and is connected with the lower end of the capillary tube in a sealing way; the capillary tube is vertically arranged, the upper end of the capillary tube is fixed on an iron support through an armature, and the capillary tube is made of a hydrophobic material; the graduated scale and capillary parallel arrangement, the graduated scale is fixed on the iron stand platform and with the laminating of capillary, the graduated scale is used for showing the liquid level position in the capillary.
Further, the fixing piece is of a cuboid or cylindrical structure and is provided with a central hole for the metal wire to pass through, and the radius of the central hole is equal to the outer diameter of the metal wire.
Furthermore, the armature is provided with a groove for embedding the capillary tube therein
Further, the hydrophobic material is polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE, polyvinyl chloride PVC or polybutylene terephthalate PBT.
Through the design scheme, the invention can bring the following beneficial effects: compared with the prior mirror ruler method, the Young modulus measuring instrument for the metal wire based on the hydraulic micro displacement amplifier principle has the advantages that the Young modulus measuring instrument for the metal wire is larger in amplification factor, more accurate in observation, simpler and more convenient to operate, simple in experimental instrument and intuitive in experimental phenomenon, and the micro displacement amplifier is formed by connecting the injector, the capillary tube and the infusion tube, so that the experimental cost is low.
In conclusion, the method can realize the Young modulus measurement of the metal wire at extremely low manufacturing cost, and has the advantages of more accurate observation and relatively small error.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limitation and are not intended to limit the invention in any way, and in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wire young modulus measuring instrument based on the principle of a hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the fixing member.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the hydraulic micro displacement of the present invention.
The respective symbols in the figure are as follows: 1-iron stand table; 2-a level meter; 3-a metal wire; 4-a fixing piece; 5-weight; 6-weight plates; 7-a syringe; 8-a transfusion tube; 9-a capillary tube; 10-graduated scale.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the metal wire young modulus measuring instrument based on the hydraulic micro displacement amplifier principle comprises an iron support 1, a level gauge 2, a fixing member 4, a weight 5, a scale pan 6, a syringe 7, a perfusion tube 8, a capillary tube 9 and a graduated scale 10, wherein the level gauge 2 is arranged on the iron support 1, the balance of the iron support 1 is adjusted by the level gauge 2, after the balance is adjusted, a metal wire 3 to be measured for young modulus is vertically arranged and freely suspended, the upper end of the metal wire 3 is fastened on the iron support 1, and the lower end of the metal wire 3 penetrates through a central hole of the fixing member 4 and is connected to the upper surface of the scale pan 6; the fixing piece 4 is fixed on the iron stand 1, the fixing piece 4 is of a cuboid or cylindrical structure and is provided with a central hole for the metal wire 3 to pass through, the radius of the central hole is equal to the outer diameter of the metal wire 3, and the fixing piece 4 can support the metal wire 3 to prevent the metal wire 3 from shaking when force is applied; the weight 5 is arranged on the weight tray 6, and the weight 5 is used for exerting force; the piston end of the injector 7 is fixed on the lower surface of the weight tray 6, and the needle end of the injector 7 is communicated and hermetically connected with the infusion tube 8; one end of the infusion tube 8, which is far away from the injector 7, is communicated with and hermetically connected with the lower end of the capillary tube 9; the capillary 9 is vertically arranged, and the upper end of the capillary 9 is placed into the groove of the armature so as to be fixed on the iron stand 1; the capillary tube 9 is made of a hydrophobic material, and the hydrophobic material is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); the graduated scale 10 and the capillary 9 parallel arrangement, graduated scale 10 are fixed on iron stand platform 1 and are laminated with capillary 9, and graduated scale 10 is used for showing the inside liquid level position of capillary 9.
When the weight 5 is added or subtracted, the up-and-down moving body of the weight tray 6 is on the displacement of the piston of the injector 7, the piston displacement of the injector 7 causes the pressure in the injector 7 to change, so that the water level in the capillary 9 is changed, and the data is recorded through the reading of the graduated scale 10;
the injector 7, the infusion tube 8 and the capillary 9 are connected to form the micro displacement amplifier; the syringe 7 is used for changing air pressure; the function of the liquid conveying pipe 8 is to weaken the capillary phenomenon of liquid in the liquid conveying pipe 8, the capillary 9 is connected to the liquid conveying pipe 8, the water level is changed through hydraulic change, the capillary 9 is made of hydrophobic materials, and the viscous resistance of the liquid is reduced.
For the convenience of observation, the water in the invention adopts red ink; it should be noted that, in order to reduce the influence of the weight tray 6 on the adjustment of the plumb direction, one to two basic weights 5 must be added on the weight tray 6, and under the condition of certain load, the plumb direction can be automatically adjusted, so that the influence of the combination of the weight tray 6 and the metal wire 3 is reduced to a small extent; when the weight 5 is added or subtracted, the weight is lightly held to reduce the swing and the up-and-down vibration of the weight tray 6, and after the red ink in the capillary tube 9 basically stops moving, the data can be read, and the constant temperature condition of the external experimental environment is controlled.
The invention relates to a working principle of a wire Young modulus measuring instrument based on the hydraulic micro displacement amplifier principle, which comprises the following steps:
from hooke's law:
wherein Y is the Young's modulus of the wire 3 and has a unit of N.m-2F is the axial external force of the wire 3, L is the length of the wire 3, and d is the diameter of the wire 3.
Referring to fig. 3, the young's modulus Y of the wire 3 is measured by the principle of the hydraulic micro-displacement amplifier of the present invention: when the metal wire 3 stretches, the piston of the injector 7 slightly moves h, and the liquid level in the capillary 9 correspondingly changes by delta x, wherein delta x is x in fig. 31-x0，x1Is the reading of the liquid level in the capillary 9 after the piston of the syringe 7 has moved a little h, x0For initial capillary 9 level readings, the volume of water is held constant by a small displacement, h and Δ x are related as follows:
finishing to obtain:
wherein D is the inner diameter of the injector 7, phi is the inner diameter of the capillary 9, thus obtaining:
from equation (4), the relative standard uncertainty of Y can be obtained:
wherein E isYIs the relative standard uncertainty of the young's modulus Y of the wire 3; l is the length of the wire 3; d is the diameter of the wire 3; d is the inner diameter of the syringe 7; phi is the inner diameter of the capillary 9; Δ x is the liquid level relative displacement of the capillary 9;
the average value of the relative displacement of the liquid level of the capillary 9; u. ofLIs the uncertainty of the length of the wire 3; u. ofdUncertainty in the diameter of the wire 3; u. ofDIs the uncertainty of the inner diameter of the syringe 7; u. ofφIs the uncertainty of the inner diameter of the capillary 9; u. ofΔxIs the uncertainty of the relative displacement of the liquid level of the capillary 9.
The Young modulus measuring instrument for the metal wire based on the principle of the hydraulic micro displacement amplifier measures the Young modulus Y of the metal wire 3 in the following operation process: firstly, filling the capillary tube 9 with the red ink to keep the liquid level at a proper position; secondly, keeping the weight tray 6 and the injector 7 in the vertical direction to enable the metal wire 3 in the vertical direction to freely move up and down, then adding a 1kg basic weight 5 on the weight tray 6, and automatically straightening the metal wire 3 at the moment to measure the Young modulus under the condition; finally, adding and subtracting weights 5 to record data; and recording the change of the scale value of the liquid level of the capillary 9, and calculating the change of the relative displacement of the liquid level.
Data measurement and analysis:
the inner diameter phi of the capillary 9 is 1 mm;
the length L of the metal wire 3 is 62.5 cm;
the inner diameter D of the injector 7 is 10 mm;
measuring the diameter d of the wire 3;
wherein m represents the mass of the basic weight 5, m is 1kg,
is the average value of the diameter of the wire 3, xiThe reading of the liquid level in the capillary 9 when the weight is added; x'iThe reading of the liquid level in the capillary 9 when the weight is reduced; using formula of difference-by-difference method
To represent
And
the difference between the (i +4) th measurement and the (i) th measurement is the relative displacement of the liquid level of the capillary 9;
represents the average of the level readings of the ith measurement capillary 9;
represents the average of the level readings of the (i +4) th measurement capillary 9; average value of relative displacement of liquid surface of capillary 9
It was 5.59 cm.
Data processing:
the length L of the wire 3, the inner diameter D of the syringe 7, and the average diameter of the wire 3
Average value of relative displacement of liquid surface of capillary 9
The inner diameter phi of the capillary 9 and the external force F applied to the wire (note: the average value of the relative displacement of the liquid level obtained by the interval difference method
Corresponding weightThe number of the yards is 4, so that the external force F borne by the metal wire 3 is 4mg, m is the mass of each weight 5, g is the gravity acceleration, and g is 10 m.s-2And substituting the formula (4) to obtain a near true value of the Young modulus of the metal wire 3:
calculation of uncertainty of each physical quantity:
calculating the uncertainty of the liquid level relative displacement Δ x of the capillary 9:
class A rating component
Class B rating component
uBΔx＝0.1cm；
Standard uncertainty of synthesis of Δ x
The uncertainty of the diameter d of the wire 3 is calculated:
class A rating component
Wherein n represents the total number of times of measuring in the wire 3, n.gtoreq.3, diA value corresponding to the diameter of the measurement wire 3 at the i-th time is shown,
is the average of the diameters of the wires 3;
class B rating component
uBd＝0.0005cm；
d standard uncertainty of synthesis
The uncertainty of the length L of the wire 3, the inner diameter phi of the capillary 9 and the inner diameter D of the syringe 7 is calculated:
uL＝0.1cm，uD＝0.01cm，uφ＝0.001cm；
relative standard uncertainty of young's modulus Y of the wire 3:
synthetic standard uncertainty of young's modulus Y of wire 3:
And (3) measuring results:
the embodiment of the invention can be used for obtaining the following advantages:
the amplification factor is increased from 20 times to 100 times, and the precision is improved.
Secondly, the experimental instrument is simpler to operate and easier to manufacture.
And the cost of the experimental system is low.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114608963A (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2022-06-10 | 电子科技大学 | Metal wire Young modulus measuring device and method based on exhaust method |
| CN115389548A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 扬州大学 | Cement mortar shrinkage testing device |
| CN118883373A (en) * | 2024-09-24 | 2024-11-01 | 延安大学 | A method and device for determining the concentration of surfactant solution in oil displacement |
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| CN114608963B (en) * | 2022-03-25 | 2023-11-28 | 电子科技大学 | A metal wire Young's modulus measurement device and measurement method based on the exhaust method |
| CN115389548A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-25 | 扬州大学 | Cement mortar shrinkage testing device |
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