CN113532961B - U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas collection method - Google Patents
U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas collection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113532961B CN113532961B CN202110954248.1A CN202110954248A CN113532961B CN 113532961 B CN113532961 B CN 113532961B CN 202110954248 A CN202110954248 A CN 202110954248A CN 113532961 B CN113532961 B CN 113532961B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 151
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 146
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011288 experimental setting treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002680 soil gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2294—Sampling soil gases or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/26—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state with provision for intake from several spaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N2001/1006—Dispersed solids
- G01N2001/1012—Suspensions
- G01N2001/1025—Liquid suspensions; Slurries; Mud; Sludge
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- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for collecting U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas, comprising the following steps: A. manufacturing a soil sample acquisition device; B. manufacturing a U-shaped gas collecting tube; C. collecting an undisturbed soil column; D. the U-shaped gas collecting tube is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and a soil sample culture device is assembled and installed; E. manufacturing a gas flux collection device; F. adding urea into the soil surface layer of each treated soil column exogenously, carrying out drop drying treatment after flooding culture, and carrying out continuous culture; G. and (3) collecting nitrous oxide emission flux gas samples of the culture column in time during the culture period, collecting a volume gas sample from the layered silica gel tube from top to bottom, and measuring the nitrous oxide gas concentration. Comprises a soil sample culture device, a gas flux collection device and a stainless steel square plate base. The PVC bottom plate sets up in the device bottom, and the PVC pipe is located PVC bottom plate top, and the two links up the department and seals with silica gel. The method is easy to implement and convenient to operate. Simple structure, low cost, strong operability, convenient carrying, transportation, disassembly and assembly and convenient observation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of simulated flooding and dry falling of rice field soil nitrous oxide (emission), and particularly relates to a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas collection method and a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas collection device.
Background
Nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) is an important greenhouse gas with a contribution to global warming up to 6% and its global warming potential is 300 times that of carbon dioxide within 100 years. Atmospheric nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) concentration is increasing at a rate of about 0.3% per year, nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emissions also promote depletion of the ozone layer (Braker, 2011). Paddy field soil is one of main farmland soil types in China, and is more important nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emission source of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emissions account for 22% of the total land (Bai Renpiao, 2013). Research shows that measures such as field baking, dry-wet alternation and the like in the management mode of paddy field water-saving irrigation can lead to nitrous oxide (N) in paddy field soil 2 O) (Cai et al, 1997).
Due to nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emission flux mainly measuring nitrous oxide (N) at soil-gas interface 2 O) release dynamics, reflecting nitrous oxide (N) per unit area 2 O) total gas but lack nitrous oxide (N) at different sections of soil 2 O) production, conversion and conversion of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emission contribution awareness. In-situ collection of soil profile nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) gas is accurately measured and calculated to obtain nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) key technology of the discharge flux. Therefore, the invention uses U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) by collecting the original soil column (0-20 cm) of the rice, placing the original soil column in indoor constant temperature culture, adding urea into the soil from an external source, and then flooding and drying 2 O) gas collection device system for monitoring nitrous oxide (N) in different soil layers 2 O) emissions, explore nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emissions and soil profile nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) intrinsic relation law of concentration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) the gas collection method is easy to implement and convenient to operate. Is beneficial to simulating the nitrous oxide (N) of undisturbed rice soil in the field 2 O) the discharge process, the defect that the measurement result is deviated due to the influence of temperature, box size and other factors in the conventional static box gas collection method is overcome, and the defect that the soil gas cannot be collected anytime and anywhere when the soil gas is collected by adopting a positioning embedded sampling bottle method is overcome. The method can realize the nitrous oxide (N) at different section parts of the soil body under the condition of constant temperature and without implantation 2 O) production, conversion and conversion of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emission is accurately detected, so that accurate determination of nitrous oxide (N) can be realized by a subsequent meteorological chromatograph 2 O) emissions.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) gas collection's device has overcome general static case thermal-insulated effect not good, easily arouse measuring error, and most equipment is bulky, the quality is heavier, carry, transport and install inconvenient defect, also overcome open dynamic case when using, the air current pressure is difficult to control, the operation difficulty, thereby probably can lead to the undulant defect of data, the while has also overcome the whole system precision requirement height, the price is expensive, be difficult for developing the defect of large tracts of land monitoring, the device simple structure, small in size light, low cost, wide application, the operability is strong, carry, transport, easy dismounting and convenient observation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
u-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) a gas collection method, which comprises the following steps:
A. manufacturing a soil sample collection device: a PVC pipe barrel with the outer diameter (De) of 16cm, the inner diameter (D) of 15cm and the height (H) of 25cm is used for self-making a soil sample collection device, a depth score line and a direction arrow line with the depth of 20cm are marked on the pipe wall, a matched barrel bottom plate is made of a PVC plate, and the soil sample collection device is not sealed before sampling.
B. Manufacturing a U-shaped gas collecting tube: the inlet silica gel tubes (De 14 mm, D10 mm, air permeation and water impermeability) are cut into a plurality of 15cm (2-8, according to the dosage) (and two ends of the tube are sealed by matched silica gel plugs for standby) and are used for collecting gas samples of all soil layers of the culture soil column. Every two silica gel tubes are connected with one end by a U-shaped stainless steel capillary tube (D3 mm) for later use.
C. Collecting an undisturbed soil column: the soil original soil column (0-20 cm) of the rice is collected by the prepared PVC sampling barrel, the structural integrity of the soil column is ensured as much as possible, after the soil sample is collected, the fresh-keeping film is wrapped after the bottom is sealed by the prepared matched PVC bottom plate, and the soil sample is transported back to a laboratory.
D. The U-shaped gas collecting tube is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and the soil sample culture device is assembled and installed: two parallel holes (D14 mm) are drilled at the positions of the pipe wall at the heights of 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 and cm from the soil surface layer respectively along the horizontal direction, the connected U-shaped gas collecting pipes are filled into reserved holes of all soil layers, and finally one side of a silica gel pipe is inserted into the outside by using a 2 mm stainless steel needle connected with a three-way valve.
E. Manufacturing a gas flux collection device: the gas flux collection device uses a PVC pipe (De 16cm,D 15cm,H 25 cm) with the same size, a (De 20.6 cm D20 cm,H 29.5 cm) PVC plate is sealed at one end and then is used as the top, a fan is arranged inwards at the top of the cover, a power supply and a three-way valve are connected outwards for gas collection, and the gas flux collection device is used as the gas flux collection device (all interfaces are sealed by using the south China large 704 silica gel). The stainless steel square plate capable of fixing the gas flux collecting device is arranged on the upper portion of the soil sample culturing device, and water is used for sealing before sampling (deionized water is added into the stainless steel square plate, and the depth of a water layer is about 2cm and is kept unchanged).
F. After the barrel wall is completely sealed, starting experimental setting treatment: the fertilization standard is 200 kg N.h-2, and the fertilization mode is to add urea { CO (NH) 2 ) 2 Urea addition for each column treated was: each column was advanced at 10:00 am on 2018, 4, 13 daysPerforming wetting treatment (to make each soil surface layer be in a state of water layer), and disposing carbamide { CO (NH) of 7. g.L-1 2 ) 2 Solution 100 mL carbamide { CO (NH) at 9:00 am on 2018, 4, 27 2 ) 2 The solution was slowly and uniformly added to the soil surface of each column and the soil surface was maintained at a free water depth of 2 cm. Immediately thereafter, the gas in each soil layer silicone tube was replaced with high purity helium: the replacement was repeated 3 times in succession. Starting timing, representing flooding 1 d by flooding 24 h, and then 1 d for each 24 h; drop-drying treatment was performed at a time of day 21:00 after flooding 28 d, with drop-drying 12 h representing drop-drying 1 d, and then each 24 h was 1 d, and 63 d was continuously cultured.
G. Nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) collection nitrous oxide (N) was collected at 1 st, 4 th, 7 th, 9 th, 11 th, 14 th, 16 th, 19 th, 21 th, 24 th, 28 th, 30 th, 32 th, 35 th, 38 th, 40 th, 42 th, 44 th, 46 th, 48 th, 50 th, 53 th, 55 th, 58 th, 61 th, 63 th, d th, respectively 2 O) gas. Each gas collection time was 9 am: 00. initially, each treatment 1 h nitrous oxide (N 2 And O) collecting the discharged flux gas sample, placing the gas flux collection device on a groove of a culture soil column for gas sampling during gas sampling, sealing by water, turning on a power supply to enable a top fan to rotate so as to fully mix the gas in the gas flux collection device, and then using a syringe to connect a three-way valve at the top of the device for gas sampling. Samples of gas were taken at 0 min and 60 min, 30 mL samples were collected each time, and the samples were measured in 48 h. Then 5 mL volumes of gas samples (high-purity He gas is supplemented with 30 mL) are respectively collected from the layered silica tube from top to bottom by a syringe, and nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) concentration. Can monitor nitrous oxide (N) in different soil layers 2 O) emissions.
Through the technical measures of the seven steps, the most critical steps are as follows:
step C, step D and step G of the present invention: the undisturbed soil column is collected, so that the simulation of paddy field soil under the condition of flooding and dry falling is facilitated; the gas collection experiment is carried out in a laboratory, so that the influence of temperature on the gas emission is avoided; adopts U-shaped layered soilNitrous oxide (N) 2 The O) gas collection method can collect soil gas at any time and any place on the basis of not damaging the original structure of the soil.
U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) gas collection device: the device consists of three main structures, including a soil sample culture device, a gas flux collection device and a stainless steel square plate base (8). The contact area of the stainless steel square plate and the PVC pipe in the soil sample culture device is sealed by 704 glue, and the gas flux collection device is covered on the stainless steel square plate base before collecting the gas sample, and the joint is sealed by water. The soil sample culture device comprises a PVC bottom plate, a PVC pipe, four groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes, a stainless steel needle head and a three-way valve; the soil sample culture device is characterized in that: the PVC bottom plate set up in the device bottom, the PVC pipe be located the PVC bottom plate directly over, the two junction is sealed with big 704 silica gel in south. Four groups of U-shaped gas collecting tubes are arranged in the PVC tube up and down, the four groups of U-shaped gas collecting tubes are respectively inserted into the reserved holes at the positions 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 and cm of the height of the tube wall from the soil surface layer to be connected with the tube wall, and the joint is sealed by using Nangu 704 silica gel. The U-shaped gas collecting tube consists of a silica gel plug, a silica gel tube and a U-shaped stainless steel capillary tube. Two ends of each section of the silica gel pipe are respectively sealed by silica gel plugs, and every two sections of the silica gel pipes are horizontally arranged in parallel in the left-right direction. The U-shaped stainless steel capillary tube is respectively connected with the outward ports of the left silica gel tube and the right silica gel tube. The interfaces of the sealing barrel wall and each part and the joints are sealed by using Nanzhong 704 silica gel. The right silicone tube was connected to the outside thereof by inserting a right silicone plug through a 2 mm stainless steel needle. The three-way valve is connected to the outer end of the stainless steel needle. The U-shaped gas collecting tube is used for collecting gas samples of all soil layers (all joints outside are sealed by using south big 704 silica gel so as to keep the whole air tightness of the PVC tube). The stainless steel square tray base covers the top of the soil sample culture device, a circle (diameter 10 cm) is dug in the middle of the stainless steel square tray base (8), the soil sample culture device is placed in the circle, the bottom of the soil sample culture device is supported by a PVC pipe of the soil sample culture device, and the contact area between the stainless steel square tray and the PVC pipe is sealed by 704 glue. The gas flux collection device comprises a PVC pipe, a three-way valve, a stainless steel capillary tube, a PVC plate (top), an electric fan and an electric wire, wherein the gas is communicatedThe measuring and collecting device uses a PVC pipe with the same size as the bottom, and seals one end of the PVC plate to be used as the top; one end of the stainless steel capillary tube extends inwards through the small hole at the top of the cover, and the other end of the stainless steel capillary tube is outwards connected with the three-way valve and is used for collecting nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) gas discharge flux. An electric fan is arranged inwards at the top of the cover, and an electric wire is connected to the outside for uniformly mixing gas before gas collection (each interface is sealed by using the south China large 704 silica gel). The gas flux collection device is covered on a stainless steel square plate base before collecting a gas sample, and the joint is sealed by water to form a closed system.
The U-shaped gas collecting tube in the other part is a key part. The U-shaped gas collecting tube is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and finally the three-way valve is connected outside to simulate the original rice soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 And O) in the discharging process, the U-shaped gas collecting tube is used for collecting gas samples of all soil layers. The device overcomes the defect that the nitrous oxide (N) in unit soil area can only be detected in the past 2 O) the problem of net discharge of gas, and the problem that when the former collects the soil gas by adopting a positioning implantation sampling bottle method, the original structure of the soil needs to be destroyed and the soil gas cannot be collected anytime and anywhere. The device can conveniently and accurately detect nitrous oxide (N) at different section parts of the soil body 2 O) production, conversion and conversion of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emissions, thereby exploring the relationship between the two.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects
1. Nitrous oxide in soil (N) 2 O) is discharged as nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) produces a result common to the effects of consumption. The traditional soil gas collection mode is based on the soil surface, and can only collect nitrous oxide (N) discharged by the soil surface 2 O) gas, which is soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) net emissions. The invention adopts the U-shaped gas collecting tube to be installed in each soil layer reserved hole, and finally, the three-way valve is connected outside to facilitate the layered collection of gas samples with different depths.
2. The novel gas collection device of practicality is simple in structure, reasonable in design, 4 groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes are arranged in the PVC pipe of the soil sample culture device up and down, and the novel gas collection device has the advantages of low cost, wide application range and strong operability.
In a word, the method can accurately collect nitrous oxide (N2O) generated by the undisturbed soil column at different soil depths, and the device is simple and the operation method is easy to implement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 And O) a structural schematic diagram of the gas collection device.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped gas collector.
Wherein: 1-PVC bottom plate, 2A-first PVC pipe, 2B-second PVC pipe, 3-silica gel plug, 4-silica gel pipe, 5-U-shaped stainless steel capillary, 6-stainless steel syringe needle, 7A-first three-way valve (commercially available), 7B-second three-way valve (commercially available), 8-stainless steel square dish, 9-stainless steel capillary, 10-PVC board (top), 11-electric fan (ordinary), 12-electric wire.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
The experiment described in the example is to measure nitrous oxide (N) in different soil layers in the process of flooding and drying of undisturbed paddy soil in different soil matrixes in south China 2 O) the gas emission dynamics.
Example 1:
u-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) a gas collection method, which comprises the following steps:
A. manufacturing a soil sample collection device: the PVC pipe barrel with the outer diameter (De) of 16cm, the inner diameter (D) of 15cm and the height (H) of 25cm is used for self-manufacturing a soil sample collecting device, a matched barrel bottom plate is manufactured by a PVC plate at the depth score line and the direction arrow line of the pipe wall mark of 20cm, and the soil sample collecting device is not sealed before sampling.
B. Manufacturing a U-shaped gas collecting tube: the inlet silica gel tube (De 14 mm, D10 mm, air permeability and water impermeability, up to 15cm pieces (2-8 pieces depending on the amount of use) is used, two ends of the tube are sealed by matched silica gel plugs for later use, and the tube is used for collecting gas samples of all soil layers of a culture soil column.
C. Collecting an undisturbed soil column: the soil original soil column (0-20 cm) of the rice is collected by the prepared PVC sampling barrel, the structural integrity of the soil column is ensured as much as possible, after the soil sample is collected, the fresh-keeping film is wrapped after the bottom is sealed by the prepared matched PVC bottom plate, and the soil sample is transported back to a laboratory.
D. The U-shaped gas collecting tube is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and the soil sample culture device is assembled and installed: two holes (D14 mm) are drilled in parallel along the horizontal direction at the heights of the pipe wall from the soil surface layers 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 and cm respectively, the connected U-shaped gas collecting pipes are filled into reserved holes of each soil layer, and finally one side of the silica gel pipe is inserted into the outside by using a 2 mm stainless steel needle connected with a three-way valve. The device is used for collecting soil gas samples with different depths in a layered manner (the external south big 704 silica gel is sealed so as to keep the whole air tightness of the PVC pipe).
E. Manufacturing a gas flux collection device: the gas flux collection device uses a PVC pipe (De 16cm,D 15cm,H 25 cm) with the same size, a (De 20.6 cm D20 cm,H 29.5 cm) PVC plate is sealed at one end and then is used as the top, a fan is arranged inwards at the top of the cover, and the fan is externally connected with a power supply and a three-way valve for gas collection, so that gas samples are uniformly mixed before gas collection (all interfaces are sealed by using south China large 704 silica gel for external use). A stainless steel square plate capable of fixing a gas flux collecting device is arranged on the upper portion of the soil sample culture device, water is used for sealing before sampling (deionized water is added into the stainless steel square plate, and the depth of a water layer is about 2cm and is kept unchanged), so that a closed system is formed.
F. After the barrel wall is completely sealed, starting experimental setting treatment: the fertilization standard is 200 kg N.h- 2 The fertilization mode is to add urea { CO (NH) 2 ) 2 } (Urea- 15 N 2 ) The urea addition of each treated soil column is as follows: each soil column was subjected to a wetting treatment (the surface layer of each soil was made to be slightly water-layer) at 10:00 am on 2018, 4 and 13, and 7.58 g.L was placed -1 Is { CO (NH) 2 ) 2 Solution 100 mL carbamide { CO (NH) at 9:00 am on 2018, 4, 27 2 ) 2 Slowly and uniformly adding the solution into the soil surface layer of each soil column to maintain the soil surface to be 2cm free water depth. Then immediately replacing the gas in each soil layer silicone tube with high purity helium (3 times of continuous repeated replacement) in order to remove residual air from the silicone tube to the actual nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) contamination and interference of gases. Starting timing, representing flooding 1 d by flooding 24 h, and then 1 d for each 24 h; drop-drying treatment was performed at a time of day 21:00 after flooding 28 d, with drop-drying 12 h representing drop-drying 1 d, and then each 24 h was 1 d, and 63 d was continuously cultured.
G. Nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) collection nitrous oxide (N) was collected at 1 st, 4 th, 7 th, 9 th, 11 th, 14 th, 16 th, 19 th, 21 th, 24 th, 28 th, 30 th, 32 th, 35 th, 38 th, 40 th, 42 th, 44 th, 46 th, 48 th, 50 th, 53 th, 55 th, 58 th, 61 th, 63 th, d th, respectively 2 O) gas. Each gas collection time was 9 am: 00. initially, each treatment 1 h nitrous oxide (N 2 And O) collecting the discharged flux gas sample, placing the gas flux collection container on a groove of a culture soil column for gas sampling (the contact part of the upper part of a soil sample culture device and a stainless steel square disc base), sealing by water, turning on a power supply to enable a top fan to rotate so as to fully mix the gas in the gas flux collection device, and then using a syringe to connect a three-way valve at the top of the device for gas sampling. Samples of gas were taken at 0 min and 60 min, 30 mL samples were collected each time, and the samples were measured in 48 h. Then 5 mL volumes of gas samples (high-purity He gas is supplemented with 30 mL) are respectively collected from the layered silica tube from top to bottom by a syringe, and nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) concentration.
Through the implementation, nitrous oxide (N) at different section parts of the soil body can be realized under the condition of constant temperature and without implantation 2 O) production, conversion and conversion of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emission is accurately detected, and accurate determination of nitrous oxide (N) by a subsequent meteorological chromatograph is ensured 2 O) emissions.
Example 2:
as can be seen from fig. 1 and 2, a U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide (N 2 O) gas collection device, the device comprising soilSample culture apparatus, gas flux collection system, stainless steel square dish base (8) are sealed with 704 glue with PVC pipe contact area in the soil sample culture apparatus, cover on stainless steel square dish base (8) before gathering the gas sample, and the junction is sealed with water. The method is characterized in that: the soil sample culture device comprises a PVC bottom plate (1), a first PVC pipe (2A), four groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes, stainless steel needle heads (6) and a first three-way valve (7A), wherein the PVC bottom plate (1) is arranged at the bottommost end of the device, the first PVC pipe (2A) is positioned above the PVC bottom plate (1), and the joint of the two is sealed by using south big 704 silica gel. Four groups of U-shaped gas collecting tubes are arranged up and down in the first PVC tube (2A), the four groups of U-shaped gas collecting tubes are respectively inserted into the reserved holes at the heights of 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 and cm of the tube wall from the soil surface layer to be connected with the tube wall, and the joint is sealed by using large-size-south 704 silica gel. The stainless steel square plate base (8) is covered on the top of the soil sample culture device, the size of the stainless steel square plate base (8) is 18cm x 3 cm (length x width x height), a circle (diameter is 10 cm) is dug in the middle of the stainless steel square plate base (8), the soil sample culture device is placed in the circle, the bottom is supported by a second PVC pipe (2B) of the soil sample culture device, contact areas of the stainless steel square plate (8) and the first PVC pipe (2A) and the second PVC pipe (2B) are sealed by 704 glue, the gas flux collection device takes the first PVC pipe (2A) and the second PVC pipe (2B) (De 16cm,D 15cm,H 25 cm) with the same size as the bottom, and takes a PVC plate (10) with one end sealed as the top; one end of the stainless steel capillary tube (9) penetrates through the small hole at the top of the cover to extend inwards, and the other end of the stainless steel capillary tube (9) is outwards connected with the second three-way valve (7B) and is used for collecting the discharge flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) gas. An electric fan (11) is arranged inwards at the top of the cover, an electric wire (12) is connected to the outside, and the U-shaped gas collecting tube consists of a silica gel plug (3), a silica gel tube (4) and a U-shaped stainless steel capillary tube (5). Two ends of each section of silicone tube (4) are respectively sealed by a silicone plug (3), and every two sections of silicone tubes (4) are horizontally arranged in parallel in the left-right direction. The U-shaped stainless steel capillary tube (5) is respectively connected with the outward ports of the left and right silicone tubes (4). Sealing the interfaces between the barrel wall and each part, and connecting the interfacesSeal with south big 704 silica gel. The U-shaped gas collecting tube is externally inserted with a 2 mm stainless steel needle head (6) into a right silica gel plug (3) and is connected to a right silica gel tube (4). The first three-way valve (7A) is connected to the outer end of the stainless steel needle head (6). The U-shaped gas collecting tube is used for collecting gas samples of all soil layers (all joints outside are sealed by using south big 704 silica gel so as to keep the whole air tightness of the PVC tube). The gas flux collection device comprises a second PVC pipe (2B), a second three-way valve (7B), a stainless steel capillary (9), a top PVC plate (10), an electric fan (11) and an electric wire (12). Is used for mixing gas before gas production (each interface is sealed by external use Nanguo 704 silica gel). Before the gas sample is collected, the gas flux collection device is covered on a stainless steel square plate base (8), and the joint is sealed by water to form a closed system.
Through the specific components, the U-shaped gas collecting tube can conveniently and accurately detect nitrous oxide (N) at different section parts of the soil body 2 O) production, conversion and conversion of nitrous oxide (N) 2 O) emissions, thereby exploring the relationship between the two.
Claims (5)
1. A U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas collection method comprises the following steps:
A. manufacturing a soil sample collection device: self-manufacturing a soil sample collection device by using a PVC pipe barrel, marking a 20cm depth score line and a direction arrow line on the pipe wall, manufacturing a matched barrel bottom plate by using a PVC plate, and sealing the matched barrel bottom plate before sampling;
B. manufacturing a U-shaped gas collecting tube: cutting an inlet silica gel pipe to 15cm, sealing two ends of the pipe with matched silica gel plugs for later use, collecting gas samples of each soil layer of the culture soil column, and connecting each two silica gel pipes with one end through a U-shaped stainless steel capillary for later use;
C. collecting an undisturbed soil column: collecting soil undisturbed soil columns 0-20 and cm of rice by using a manufactured PVC sampling barrel, sealing the bottom by using a manufactured matched PVC bottom plate after collecting soil samples, wrapping a preservative film, and transporting the preservative film back to a laboratory;
D. the U-shaped gas collecting tube is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and the soil sample culture device is assembled and installed: two holes are drilled in parallel along the horizontal direction at the heights of the pipe wall from the soil surface layers 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 and cm respectively, a connected U-shaped gas collecting pipe is arranged in each soil layer reserved hole, and finally a 2 mm stainless steel needle connected with a three-way valve is inserted into one side of the silica gel pipe outside and used for collecting gas samples of each soil layer;
E. manufacturing a gas flux collection device: the gas flux collection device uses a PVC pipe with the same size, a PVC plate is used as the top after one end is sealed, a fan and a stainless steel needle are arranged inwards at the top of the cover, a power supply and a three-way valve are connected outwards for gas collection, each interface is sealed outside by 704 silica gel, a stainless steel square plate for fixing the gas flux collection device is arranged at the upper part of the soil sample culture device, and the stainless steel square plate is sealed by water before sampling;
F. after the barrel wall is completely sealed, starting experimental setting treatment: the fertilization rate is 200 kg N.h- 2 The fertilization mode is to add urea from an external source, and each treatment soil column urea is added as follows: each column was subjected to a wet treatment at 10:00 AM on day 1 after the start of the culture, and 7.58 g.L was placed -1 Slowly and uniformly adding 100 mL of the carbamide solution into the soil surface layer of each soil column at 9:00 am after 4-6 days, and keeping the free water depth of the soil surface at 2 cm; replacing the gas in the silicone tubes of each soil layer with high-purity helium, and continuously and repeatedly replacing for 3 times; starting timing, representing flooding 1 d by flooding 24 h, and then 1 d for each 24 h; carrying out drop drying treatment on the water flooded 28 and d at the time of 21:00 of the day, wherein the drop drying 12 h represents drop drying 1 d, and then each 24 h is 1 d, and continuously culturing 63 d;
G. collection of nitrous oxide gas was collected at 1 st, 4 th, 7 th, 9 th, 11 th, 14 th, 16 th, 19 th, 21 th, 24 th, 28 th, 30 th, 32 th, 35 th, 38 th, 40 th, 42 th, 44 th, 46 th, 48 th, 50 th, 53 th, 55 th, 58 th, 61 th and 63 th, d th, respectively, each gas collection time was 9 a.m.: 00. firstly, collecting nitrous oxide emission flux gas samples of each treatment 1 h, placing a gas flux collection container on a groove of a culture soil column for gas sampling during gas sampling, sealing with water, turning on a power supply to enable a top fan to rotate so as to fully mix gas in the gas flux collection device, and using a syringe to connect a three-way valve at the top of the device for gas sampling; collecting gas samples at 0 min and 60 min respectively, collecting 30 mL gas samples each time, and measuring the collected gas samples in 48 h; respectively collecting 5 mL volumes of gas samples from the layered silicone tube from top to bottom by using a syringe, and measuring the concentration of nitrous oxide;
the utility model provides a gaseous collection system of U type layering soil nitrous oxide, the device includes soil sample culture apparatus, gas flux collection system, stainless steel square dish base (8), and stainless steel square dish base (8) is sealed with 704 glues in the PVC pipe contact area in the soil sample culture apparatus, and cover on stainless steel square dish base (8) before gathering the gas sample, and junction water seal, its characterized in that: the soil sample culture device comprises a PVC bottom plate (1), a first PVC pipe (2A), four groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes and a first three-way valve (7A), wherein the PVC bottom plate (1) is arranged at the bottom end of the device, the first PVC pipe (2A) is positioned above the PVC bottom plate (1), the joint of the first PVC pipe and the first PVC pipe is sealed by 704 silica gel, the four groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes are vertically arranged in the first PVC pipe (2A), the four groups of U-shaped gas collecting pipes are respectively inserted into a preformed hole at the positions of the height of the pipe wall from the soil surface layer 2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 cm and are connected with the pipe wall, the joint is sealed by 704 silica gel, a stainless steel square plate base (8) is covered at the top of the soil sample culture device, a circle is dug in the middle of the stainless steel square plate base, the soil sample culture device is put into the circle, the stainless steel square plate base (8) and the first PVC pipe (2A) and the second PVC pipe (2B) are connected with the second PVC pipe (2B) by 704 gel, the gas flux collecting device comprises the second PVC pipe (2B), the second PVC valve (7B), the second capillary tube (2B) and the second capillary valve (2B) are connected with the capillary tube (10) and the capillary tube (2B) and the capillary tube) are connected with the capillary tube (10) and the capillary tube (10) through the capillary tube.
2. The method for collecting the U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the U-shaped gas collecting tube consists of a silica gel plug (3), a silica gel tube (4) and U-shaped stainless steel capillary tubes (5), wherein two ends of each section of the silica gel tube (4) are respectively sealed by the silica gel plug (3), every two sections of the silica gel tubes (4) are arranged in parallel in the left-right horizontal direction, the U-shaped stainless steel capillary tubes (5) are respectively connected with the outward ports of the left-right silica gel tubes (4), the wall of the sealing barrel is sealed by 704 silica gel, and the joint is sealed by all parts.
3. The method for collecting the U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the outside of the U-shaped gas collecting tube is inserted into the right silica gel plug (3) by a 2 mm stainless steel needle head (6) and is connected to the right silica gel tube (4).
4. The method for collecting the U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the gas flux collection device is covered on a stainless steel square plate base (8) by taking a first PVC pipe (2A) and a second PVC pipe (2B) with the same size as the bottoms, and the joint is sealed by water to form a closed system.
5. The method for collecting the U-shaped layered soil nitrous oxide gas according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the first three-way valve (7A) is connected to the outer end of the stainless steel needle head (6).
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