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CN113524820B - Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113524820B
CN113524820B CN202110706442.8A CN202110706442A CN113524820B CN 113524820 B CN113524820 B CN 113524820B CN 202110706442 A CN202110706442 A CN 202110706442A CN 113524820 B CN113524820 B CN 113524820B
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wave
absorbing
layer
hollow fabric
composite material
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CN113524820A (en
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赵大娟
王晓文
周正亮
魏雅斐
赵忠博
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Sinoma Science and Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Fiberglass Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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Sinoma Science and Technology Co Ltd
Nanjing Fiberglass Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
    • H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
    • H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
    • H05K9/0088—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising a plurality of shielding layers; combining different shielding material structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/308—Heat stability
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种吸波复合材料及其制备方法。包括透波层、反射层，以及设置在透波层和反射层之间的吸波层；吸波层包括依次叠放的多层吸波中空织物复合材料，每层吸波中空织物复合材料包括中空织物和填充在中空织物纤维表面的分散有吸波剂的树脂。本发明通过将吸波剂溶在树脂中，将吸波树脂加入到中空织物的纤维上，由此制备的多层吸波中空织物复合材料种的吸波剂分散均匀，使得吸波复合材料整体性能优异，不存在界面性，具有轻质高强、抗分层、抗冲击的优良性能，且可根据电性能和力学性能要求进行设计设计不同的吸波铺层结构，以实现电性能、力学性能兼容，并满足其成型工艺可行性。

Figure 202110706442

The invention discloses a wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof. It includes a wave-transmitting layer, a reflecting layer, and a wave-absorbing layer arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing layer includes multiple layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials stacked in sequence, and each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material includes A hollow fabric and a resin filled with a wave-absorbing agent on the surface of the hollow fabric fibers. In the present invention, the wave-absorbing agent is dissolved in the resin, and the wave-absorbing resin is added to the fiber of the hollow fabric, so that the wave-absorbing agent of the multi-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material prepared by this method is evenly dispersed, so that the wave-absorbing composite material is as a whole Excellent performance, no interface, light weight, high strength, delamination resistance, impact resistance, and different wave-absorbing layer structures can be designed according to the requirements of electrical and mechanical properties to achieve electrical and mechanical properties Compatible, and meet the feasibility of its molding process.

Figure 202110706442

Description

一种吸波复合材料及其制备方法A kind of wave-absorbing composite material and preparation method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明属于吸波材料领域，具体涉及一种吸波复合材料及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the field of wave-absorbing materials, and in particular relates to a wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof.

背景技术Background technique

吸波材料是指能够对入射的电磁波进行吸收衰减，使电磁能转化为热能耗散掉或使电磁波通过干涉效应避免电磁波的反射或穿过材料。发展轻质高强的吸波材料在隐身和电磁兼容等领域具有重要意义。Absorbing material refers to the ability to absorb and attenuate incident electromagnetic waves, convert electromagnetic energy into heat energy and dissipate it, or prevent electromagnetic waves from reflecting or passing through materials through interference effects. The development of light-weight and high-strength absorbing materials is of great significance in the fields of stealth and electromagnetic compatibility.

要提高微波吸收材料的效能，应该构建能够产生多重损耗机制的微波吸收材料，可以使尽量多的电磁波进入材料内部进行衰减，从而实现强吸收、宽频带和耐高温等要求，并得到性能优异的微波吸收材料。根据电磁学理论，电磁波损耗取决于通过材料本征的介电损耗和磁损耗能力，通过良好的阻抗匹配能力从而改变材料的吸波能力。To improve the efficiency of microwave absorbing materials, microwave absorbing materials that can produce multiple loss mechanisms should be constructed, allowing as much electromagnetic waves as possible to enter the interior of the material for attenuation, so as to achieve the requirements of strong absorption, broadband and high temperature resistance, and obtain excellent performance. microwave absorbing material. According to the electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic wave loss depends on the intrinsic dielectric loss and magnetic loss ability of the material, and the wave absorption ability of the material can be changed through good impedance matching ability.

现有技术中常采用泡沫填充蜂窝夹芯材料制备吸波复合材料。In the prior art, foam-filled honeycomb sandwich materials are often used to prepare wave-absorbing composite materials.

CN108749229A公开了一种三明治结构吸波复合材料及制备方法，由中间层以及上下两侧的蒙皮构成的一体化三明治结构体，中间层为由碳纳米管/纤维素吸波泡沫填充的蜂窝材料，上蒙皮为具有电磁波透射特性的石英纤维布增强树脂材料，下蒙皮为具有电磁波反射特性的碳纤维布增强树脂材料。该结构型复合材料材料存在面-芯界面，出现分层现象，且蜂窝、泡沫与树脂的在高温下的热匹配性难。CN108749229A discloses a sandwich structure absorbing composite material and its preparation method. It is an integrated sandwich structure composed of a middle layer and skins on the upper and lower sides. The middle layer is a honeycomb material filled with carbon nanotube/cellulose absorbing foam , the upper skin is made of quartz fiber cloth reinforced resin material with electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics, and the lower skin is made of carbon fiber cloth reinforced resin material with electromagnetic wave reflection characteristics. The structural composite material has a surface-core interface, and delamination occurs, and the thermal matching of honeycomb, foam and resin at high temperature is difficult.

CN110588093A公开了一种吸波复合材料飞行器翼面部件及其制备方法。该部件由上吸波件、下吸波件和承力部分组成。其中上吸波件和下吸波件均为由透波纤维增强复合材料层、吸波层、屏蔽底层组成的三层结构。但是其吸波剂涂覆在织物表面，使得吸波剂留于织物的表面，存在吸波剂团聚、分散不均匀等问题，影响材料的吸波性能。CN110588093A discloses a wave-absorbing composite material aircraft wing surface component and a preparation method thereof. The component is composed of an upper wave-absorbing piece, a lower wave-absorbing piece and a load-bearing part. The upper wave-absorbing part and the lower wave-absorbing part are three-layer structures composed of a wave-transparent fiber-reinforced composite material layer, a wave-absorbing layer, and a shielding bottom layer. However, the wave absorbing agent is coated on the surface of the fabric, so that the wave absorbing agent remains on the surface of the fabric, and there are problems such as agglomeration and uneven dispersion of the wave absorbing agent, which affects the wave absorbing performance of the material.

CN202010527940.1公开了一种轻质复合吸波材料及其制备方法，包括磁性粉体和轻质基体，轻质基体由中空结构的微球与粘结剂复合而成，磁性粉体分散在微球之间。所述制备方法包括步骤：(1)配备轻质基体溶液：将溶剂与粘结剂混合搅拌均匀至完全分散，然后加入微球；将粘结剂和微球在溶剂中搅拌分散均匀形成轻质基体溶液；(2)制备轻质复合吸波材料：将磁性粉体加入步骤(1)得到的轻质基体溶液中，搅拌使磁性粉体均匀分散，固化除去溶剂得到所述轻质复合吸波材料。CN202010527940.1 discloses a light-weight composite wave-absorbing material and its preparation method, including magnetic powder and light-weight matrix. The light-weight matrix is composed of hollow microspheres and binders, and the magnetic powder is dispersed in micro between the balls. The preparation method includes steps: (1) preparing a light matrix solution: mixing and stirring the solvent and the binder until they are completely dispersed, and then adding microspheres; stirring and dispersing the binder and the microspheres in the solvent to form a light matrix solution. Matrix solution; (2) Preparation of light-weight composite wave-absorbing material: adding magnetic powder to the light-weight matrix solution obtained in step (1), stirring to disperse the magnetic powder evenly, solidifying and removing the solvent to obtain the light-weight composite wave-absorbing material Material.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于提供一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法。The object of the present invention is to provide a lightweight sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof.

实现本发明目的的技术解决方案为：一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料，包括透波层、反射层，以及设置在透波层和反射层之间的吸波层；吸波层包括依次叠放的多层吸波中空织物复合材料，每层吸波中空织物复合材料包括中空织物和填充在中空织物空腔内的分散有吸波剂的树脂。The technical solution to realize the purpose of the present invention is: a lightweight sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material, including a wave-transmitting layer, a reflective layer, and a wave-absorbing layer arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing layer includes Multi-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material stacked in sequence, each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material includes hollow fabric and resin filled with wave-absorbing agent dispersed in the cavity of the hollow fabric.

进一步的，所述透波层为纤维增强材料中空织物，玻璃纤维布，石英纤维布，芳纶纤维布，聚酰亚胺纤维布或短切毡。Further, the wave-transparent layer is a fiber-reinforced hollow fabric, glass fiber cloth, quartz fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, polyimide fiber cloth or chopped strand mat.

进一步的，所述吸波剂为电损耗和磁损耗吸波剂的至少一种。Further, the absorber is at least one of electric loss and magnetic loss absorbers.

进一步的，电损耗吸波剂为碳化硅纤维、石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管或导电高聚物；Further, the electric loss absorber is silicon carbide fiber, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotube or conductive high polymer;

磁损耗吸波剂为铁氧体、羰基铁粉或磁性金属晶须。The magnetic loss absorber is ferrite, carbonyl iron powder or magnetic metal whisker.

进一步的，中空织物的夹芯结构为“8”型、“W”型、“V”型、“π”型、“O”型、“Ⅱ”型或“Ⅹ”型，中空织物高度为5-30mm，中空织物的面密度为500g/㎡～2500g/㎡。Further, the sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is "8", "W", "V", "π", "O", "II" or "X", and the height of the hollow fabric is 5 -30mm, the surface density of the hollow fabric is 500g/㎡～2500g/㎡.

进一步的，每层吸波中空织物复合材料的树脂含量为30～60％，吸波剂和树脂的比例为0.5％～20％。Further, the resin content of each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%, and the ratio of wave-absorbing agent to resin is 0.5%-20%.

进一步的，树脂为环氧树脂、不饱和树脂、聚芳炔树脂、双马来酰亚胺树脂、腈基树脂、聚苯醚和氰酸脂树脂。Further, the resin is epoxy resin, unsaturated resin, polyaryne resin, bismaleimide resin, nitrile resin, polyphenylene ether and cyanate resin.

进一步的，中空织物空腔内还填充有吸波泡沫材料。Further, the cavity of the hollow fabric is also filled with a wave-absorbing foam material.

一种上述的复合材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned composite material, comprises the steps:

步骤(1)：准备材料：中空织物、纤维布、树脂和吸波剂；Step (1): Prepare materials: hollow fabric, fiber cloth, resin and wave absorbing agent;

步骤(2)：制备吸波树脂：将电损耗性或磁损耗型吸波剂按照一定比例分散混合至树脂中并搅拌均匀，得到吸波树脂；Step (2): Prepare the wave-absorbing resin: disperse and mix the electric-loss or magnetic-loss type wave-absorbing agent into the resin according to a certain proportion and stir evenly to obtain the wave-absorbing resin;

步骤(3)：制备单层吸波中空织物复合材料：在模具表面依次铺放纤维布、中空织物，采用真空导流成型工艺将吸波树脂与织物复合制备成电损耗性或磁损耗型的单层吸波中空织物复合材料；Step (3): Preparation of single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material: Lay fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of the mold in sequence, and use vacuum infusion molding process to compound wave-absorbing resin and fabric into electric loss or magnetic loss type Single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material;

步骤(4)：制备轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料：将反射层、多个单层吸波中空织物复合材料、透薄层依次铺放，采用袋压或模压或热压罐方法制备成型。Step (4): Preparation of light-weight sandwich-structured wave-absorbing composite materials: Lay the reflective layer, multiple single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials, and thin layers in sequence, and prepare them by bag pressing or molding or autoclave methods .

进一步的，步骤(3)中将吸波树脂与织物复合之间还包括如下步骤：向中空织物的空腔内填充泡沫材料。Further, the step (3) further includes the following step between combining the wave-absorbing resin and the fabric: filling the cavity of the hollow fabric with a foam material.

本发明与现有技术相比，其显著优点在于：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has significant advantages in that:

本发明通过将吸波剂溶在树脂中，将吸波树脂加入到中空织物的空腔内，由此制备的多层吸波中空织物复合材料种的吸波剂分散均匀，使得中空织物制备的轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料整体性能优异，不存在界面性，具有轻质高强、抗分层、抗冲击的优良性能，可根据电性能和力学性能要求进行设计设计不同的铺层结构，以实现电性能、力学性能兼容，并满足其成型工艺可行性；制成各种形状复杂的部件，既能减轻结构质量，又能提高有效载荷，且在高温时热稳定性高。In the present invention, the wave-absorbing agent is dissolved in the resin, and the wave-absorbing resin is added into the cavity of the hollow fabric, so that the wave-absorbing agent of the multi-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material prepared thereby is evenly dispersed, so that the hollow fabric prepared The light-weight sandwich structure type wave-absorbing composite material has excellent overall performance, no interface, and has excellent properties of light weight, high strength, delamination resistance, and impact resistance. Different lay-up structures can be designed according to the requirements of electrical and mechanical properties. In order to achieve the compatibility of electrical and mechanical properties, and meet the feasibility of its molding process; make various parts with complex shapes, which can not only reduce the structural quality, but also increase the payload, and have high thermal stability at high temperatures.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的复合材料结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the composite material of the present invention.

附图标记说明：Explanation of reference signs:

1-反射层，2-吸波层，3-透波层。1-reflecting layer, 2-absorbing layer, 3-transmitting layer.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详细描述。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

本发明提供一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料及其制备方法，克服了现有技术的不足，提供一种兼顾吸收频段宽、吸收强度高、结构强度高、重量轻的轻质夹层吸波复合材料，该轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，工艺简单、操作方便。The invention provides a light-weight interlayer structure type wave-absorbing composite material and a preparation method thereof, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provides a light-weight interlayer absorber with wide absorption frequency band, high absorption strength, high structural strength and light weight. A wave composite material, the preparation method of the lightweight sandwich structure type wave absorbing composite material has simple process and convenient operation.

实施例1Example 1

如图1所示，一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料由透波层3、吸波层2和反射层1组成。As shown in Figure 1, a lightweight sandwich-structured wave-absorbing composite material consists of a wave-transmitting layer 3, a wave-absorbing layer 2, and a reflective layer 1.

其中透波层的纤维增强材料为玻璃纤维布，吸波层由3层吸波中空织物复合材料组成。3层吸波中空织物复合材料中的每一层吸波中空织物复合材料中的吸波剂为磁损耗型，为铁氧体。每层吸波中空织物复合材料由吸波剂、中空织物、树脂基体三部分构成。The fiber reinforced material of the wave-transmitting layer is glass fiber cloth, and the wave-absorbing layer is composed of three layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials. The wave absorbing agent in each layer of the wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material in the three-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is a magnetic loss type and is ferrite. Each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material consists of three parts: wave-absorbing agent, hollow fabric, and resin matrix.

树脂基体可以为环氧树脂。中空织物复合材料的树脂含量为50％。The resin matrix can be epoxy resin. The resin content of the hollow fabric composite is 50%.

中空织物的夹芯结构为“8”型、中空织物高度为25mm。中空织物的面密度为1500g/㎡。The sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is "8" type, and the height of the hollow fabric is 25mm. The surface density of the hollow fabric is 1500g/㎡.

实施例2Example 2

本实施例的一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料由透波层3、吸波层2和反射层1组成。透波层的纤维增强材料为中空织物、石英纤维布、芳纶纤维布、短切毡等织物。A lightweight sandwich-structured wave-absorbing composite material in this embodiment is composed of a wave-transmitting layer 3 , a wave-absorbing layer 2 and a reflective layer 1 . The fiber reinforced material of the wave-transparent layer is hollow fabric, quartz fiber cloth, aramid fiber cloth, chopped strand mat and other fabrics.

吸波层2由2层吸波中空织物复合材料组成。2层吸波中空织物复合材料可由磁损耗型吸波中空织物复合材料或电损耗型吸波中空织物复合材料一种或多种组成。吸波中空织物夹层复合材料由吸波剂、中空织物、树脂基体三部分构成。The wave-absorbing layer 2 is composed of two layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials. The two-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material can be composed of one or more kinds of magnetic loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials or electric loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials. The wave-absorbing hollow fabric interlayer composite material consists of three parts: wave absorbing agent, hollow fabric and resin matrix.

吸波剂是电损耗和磁损耗吸波剂的至少一种。电损耗吸波剂可以为碳化硅纤维、石墨、炭黑、石墨烯、碳纳米管、导电高聚物，磁损耗吸波剂可以为铁氧体、羰基铁粉、磁性金属晶须。The wave absorber is at least one of electric loss and magnetic loss wave absorbers. The electric loss absorber can be silicon carbide fiber, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotube, conductive high polymer, and the magnetic loss absorber can be ferrite, carbonyl iron powder, magnetic metal whisker.

中空织物的夹芯结构为“W”型、“V”型、“π”型、“O”型、“Ⅱ”型或“Ⅹ”型等形式，中空织物高度为5-30mm。中空织物的面密度为500g/㎡～2500g/㎡。The sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is in the form of "W", "V", "π", "O", "II" or "X", and the height of the hollow fabric is 5-30mm. The surface density of the hollow fabric is 500g/㎡～2500g/㎡.

树脂基体为双马来酰亚胺树脂(BMI)、聚苯醚(PPO)和氰酸脂树脂(CE)。The resin matrix is bismaleimide resin (BMI), polyphenylene oxide (PPO) and cyanate resin (CE).

中空织物复合材料的树脂含量为30～60％。The resin content of the hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%.

实施例3Example 3

本实施例提出一种轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料的制备方法，该方法包括如下步骤：This example proposes a method for preparing a lightweight sandwich-structured wave-absorbing composite material, which includes the following steps:

(1)材料准备：准备不同规格的中空织物、纤维布、树脂、吸波剂等原材料；(1) Material preparation: Prepare raw materials such as hollow fabrics, fiber cloths, resins, and wave absorbers of different specifications;

(2)吸波树脂配置：按照一定比例将电损耗性或磁损耗型吸波剂分散混合至树脂中并搅拌均匀；(2) Wave-absorbing resin configuration: Disperse and mix the electric loss or magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent into the resin according to a certain proportion and stir evenly;

(3)制备单层吸波中空复合材料：在模具表面依次铺放纤维布、中空织物，采用真空导流成型工艺将吸波树脂与织物复合制备成电损耗性或磁损耗型的吸波中空织物复合材料；(3) Preparation of single-layer wave-absorbing hollow composite material: Lay fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of the mold in sequence, and use vacuum infusion molding process to compound wave-absorbing resin and fabric into electric loss or magnetic loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composites;

(4)制备轻质夹层结构型吸波复合材料：将反射层、吸波层、透薄层依次铺放，采用袋压方法制备成型。(4) Preparation of light-weight sandwich-structured wave-absorbing composite material: the reflective layer, the wave-absorbing layer, and the thin-transmitting layer are placed in sequence, and prepared by bag pressing.

实施例4Example 4

本实施例与实施例3相比，步骤(3)中在采用真空导流成型工艺将吸波树脂与织物复合制备成电损耗性或磁损耗型的吸波中空织物复合材料之前还包括如下步骤：Compared with Example 3, this embodiment includes the following steps before the vacuum infusion molding process is used to compound the wave-absorbing resin and the fabric to prepare an electric loss or magnetic loss type wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material in step (3) :

中空织物复合材料的空腔结构可根据使用要求进行预埋填充不同功能的泡沫材料，以实现隔热、隔音、阻抗匹配。The cavity structure of the hollow fabric composite material can be pre-embedded and filled with foam materials with different functions according to the requirements of use, so as to achieve heat insulation, sound insulation, and impedance matching.

实施例5Example 5

本实施例与实施例3相比，不同之处在于步骤(4)中将反射层、吸波层、透薄层依次铺放后，采用模压或热压罐方法制备成型。Compared with Example 3, this example differs in that in step (4), after the reflective layer, the wave-absorbing layer, and the thin-permeable layer are sequentially laid, molding is prepared by molding or autoclave method.

Claims (5)

1. A wave-absorbing composite material comprises a wave-transmitting layer, a reflecting layer and a wave-absorbing layer arranged between the wave-transmitting layer and the reflecting layer; the wave-absorbing layer comprises a plurality of layers of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials which are sequentially stacked, wherein each layer of wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material comprises a hollow fabric and resin filled on the surface of the hollow fabric fiber and dispersed with a wave-absorbing agent; the hollow fabric cavity is also filled with a wave-absorbing foam material; the sandwich structure of the hollow fabric is of an 8 type, a W type, a V type, a pi type, an O type, a II type or an X type, the height of the hollow fabric is 5-30mm, and the surface density of the hollow fabric is 500 g/square meter-2500 g/square meter;
the wave-absorbing composite material is prepared by the following method:
step (1): preparing materials: hollow fabrics, fiber cloths, resins and wave absorbers;
step (2): preparing a wave-absorbing resin: dispersing and mixing an electric loss type or magnetic loss type wave absorbing agent into the resin, and uniformly stirring to obtain wave absorbing resin;
step (3): preparing a single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material: sequentially laying fiber cloth and hollow fabric on the surface of a mould, filling wave-absorbing foam material into the cavity of the hollow fabric, and compounding wave-absorbing resin and the fabric by adopting a vacuum diversion forming process to prepare an electric loss or magnetic loss type single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material;
step (4): preparing a light interlayer structure type wave-absorbing composite material: sequentially laying the reflecting layer, the plurality of single-layer wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite materials and the wave-transmitting layer, and preparing and forming by adopting a bag pressing or mould pressing or autoclave method.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the wave-transmitting layer is a fiber reinforced hollow fabric, a glass fiber cloth, a quartz fiber cloth, an aramid fiber cloth, a polyimide fiber cloth or a chopped strand mat.
3. The composite of claim 1, wherein the wave absorber is at least one of an electrically lossy and a magnetically lossy wave absorber.
4. A composite material according to claim 3, wherein the electrically-lossy wave-absorbing agent is silicon carbide fibres, graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes or a conductive polymer;
the magnetic loss wave absorber is ferrite, carbonyl iron powder or magnetic metal whisker.
5. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the resin content of each layer of the wave-absorbing hollow fabric composite material is 30-60%, and the ratio of the wave-absorbing agent to the resin is 0.5-20%.
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