CN113522172A - System and method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis - Google Patents
System and method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis Download PDFInfo
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- CN113522172A CN113522172A CN202110973878.3A CN202110973878A CN113522172A CN 113522172 A CN113522172 A CN 113522172A CN 202110973878 A CN202110973878 A CN 202110973878A CN 113522172 A CN113522172 A CN 113522172A
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
- B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
- B29B17/04—Disintegrating plastics, e.g. by milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics, and in a first aspect, the system for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics comprises a conveying device, a charging machine, a high-temperature pyrolyzer and a pumping and discharging machine which are sequentially connected; the second aspect provides a method for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics, which comprises the following steps: a) conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine for temporary storage; b) after filling inert gas into the high-temperature pyrolyzer and exhausting air, heating the high-temperature pyrolyzer, adding waste plastic into the high-temperature pyrolyzer by a feeder after the temperature is raised to the temperature required by pyrolysis, and pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the high-temperature pyrolyzer to obtain combustible gas, residual liquid and solid; c) and the combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer through a pump-drainage machine, and the residual liquid and the solid are discharged from a discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolyzer. The invention has the advantages of low investment, simple process, high flexibility, high environmental protection value and good economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste plastic pyrolysis, in particular to a system and a method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis.
Background
In recent years, the annual plastic scrap amount of Chinese continent reaches 7000 million tons, and the plastic scrap amount is continuously increased, wherein the recovery accounts for about 30 percent, the landfill accounts for about 32 percent, the incineration accounts for about 31 percent, and the abandonment accounts for about 7 percent. The traditional garbage incineration treatment method is difficult to eliminate secondary pollution caused by toxic gas and the like even if two-stage high-temperature incineration is carried out, the device is complex and high in investment, and economic benefit is difficult to obtain. Landfill pollutes soil and water environment and is difficult to decompose. The existing recycling method mainly adopts secondary processing and recycling, most of the existing recycling methods belong to physical recycling methods, waste plastics need to be cleaned before recycling, water and time are wasted, secondary pollution is caused, and the quality of products made of recycled materials is low. Some international companies have technologies for making oil and gas from waste plastics and similar devices, but the process is complex, the investment is huge, the large-scale popularization is difficult, and the long-distance transportation of the waste plastics also needs to consume energy and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, in order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a system and a method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problem of waste plastic treatment, the invention provides a system and a method for pyrolyzing waste plastics into combustible gas at high temperature, which have the advantages of low investment, simple process, high flexibility and good economic benefit.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, a first aspect of the present invention provides a system for preparing fuel gas by pyrolyzing waste plastics at high temperature, comprising a conveying device, a feeder, a high-temperature pyrolyzer and a pump drainage machine which are connected in sequence;
the conveying device is used for conveying the waste plastics to the charging machine;
the charging machine is provided with a charging port and a discharging port and is used for charging the conveyed waste plastics into the high-temperature pyrolyzer; the feed inlet is communicated with the conveying device;
the high-temperature pyrolyzer comprises an inert gas system, a heater and a pyrolyzer and is used for pyrolyzing the waste plastics; the inert gas system comprises an inert gas source, an inert gas pipeline and an inert gas outlet and is used for discharging air in the pyrolyzer; the heater is used for heating the pyrolyzer; the pyrolyzer comprises a feed inlet, a pyrolyzer cavity, an inert gas inlet, a gas outlet and a discharge port, wherein the feed inlet is communicated with a discharge port of the feeder, and the inert gas inlet is communicated with an inert gas outlet of the inert gas system;
the exhauster further comprises an exhaust pipeline and an exhaust port, wherein the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the gas outlet of the pyrolyzer and used for exhausting gas in the cavity of the pyrolyzer.
Further, the system further comprises a crusher; the crusher is provided with a waste plastic feeding port and a crushed plastic discharging port and is used for crushing waste plastics; the crushed plastic outlet is connected with the conveying device.
Furthermore, the high-temperature pyrolyzer also comprises a rotating machine, and the rotating machine is connected with the pyrolyzer through a transmission mechanism and used for driving the pyrolyzer to rotate.
The second aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics, which comprises the following steps:
a) conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine for temporary storage;
b) after filling inert gas into the high-temperature pyrolyzer and exhausting air, heating the high-temperature pyrolyzer, adding waste plastic into the high-temperature pyrolyzer by a feeder after the temperature is raised to the temperature required by pyrolysis, turning the waste plastic in the high-temperature pyrolyzer along with the rotation of a pyrolyzer barrel, and continuously pyrolyzing the waste plastic to obtain combustible gas, residual liquid and solid;
c) and the combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer through a pump-discharger, and the residual liquid and the solid are discharged from a discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolyzer.
The main processing object of the invention is waste plastics, including but not limited to high polymer materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate and products thereof, rubber and products thereof or other high polymer which can be pyrolyzed at a certain temperature. The invention firstly adopts the crusher to crush the waste plastics, which is convenient for subsequent transmission and feeding, the transmission device transmits the crushed waste plastics to the charging machine for temporary storage, which can ensure the continuity of the system operation, and the high-temperature pyrolyzer discharges the combustible gas generated by pyrolyzing the waste plastics from the gas outlet by the pump-out machine and sends the combustible gas to the subsequent process equipment for storage and utilization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages of less required equipment, lower investment, relatively simple process, large or small designed treatment capacity of a single set of device, various annual treatment capacity from thousands of tons to one hundred thousand tons, economic and developed land, county and city, capability of meeting the local waste plastic treatment requirement by one set or a plurality of sets, good economic benefit and suitability for large-scale popularization.
2. The waste plastics treated by the method disclosed by the invention are wide in types, can be single-variety plastics, can also be mixed plastics of various plastic varieties, such as high-molecular polymers including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester and the like, can also be used for treating waste rubber, can be subjected to high-temperature pyrolysis on the waste plastics to generate combustible gas (the main components are hydrocarbon and hydrogen, and are referred to as pyrolysis gas for short), not only can the waste plastics be thoroughly decomposed to solve the problem of white pollution which is extremely difficult to decompose in natural environment, but also overcomes the defect that secondary pollution such as dioxin, toxic wastewater and the like is easily generated in the traditional garbage incineration system and device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-a crusher; 2-a conveying device; 3-a feeder; 4-high temperature pyrolyzer; 41-a pyrolyzer; 42-a heater; 43-nitrogen system; 44-a rotary machine; 410-pyrolyzer chamber; 411-the feed inlet; 412-gas outlet; 413-a discharge outlet; 432-nitrogen line; 441-a transmission mechanism; 5-a pump drainage machine.
Detailed Description
A system for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis is shown in figure 1 and comprises a conveying device 2, a feeder 3, a high-temperature pyrolyzer 4 and a pump-discharger 5 which are connected in sequence;
the conveying device 2 is used for conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine 3;
the charging machine 3 is provided with a charging port and a discharging port and is used for charging the conveyed waste plastics into the high-temperature pyrolyzer 4; the feed inlet is communicated with the conveying device 2;
the high-temperature pyrolyzer 4 includes an inert gas system 43, a heater 42, and a pyrolyzer 41 for pyrolyzing the waste plastics; the inert gas system 43 comprises an inert gas source, an inert gas pipeline 432 and an inert gas outlet, and is used for discharging air in the pyrolyzer 41; the heater 42 is used for heating the pyrolyzer 41; the pyrolyzer 41 comprises a feed inlet 411, a pyrolyzer cavity 410, an inert gas inlet, a gas outlet 412 and a discharge outlet 413, wherein the feed inlet 411 is communicated with a discharge hole of the feeder 3, and the inert gas inlet is communicated with an inert gas outlet of the inert gas system 43;
the exhauster 5 further includes an exhaust pipeline and an exhaust port, and the exhaust pipeline is used for exhausting the gas in the pyrolyzer cavity 410, and the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the gas outlet 412 of the pyrolyzer 41.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the system further comprises a crusher 1; the crusher 1 is provided with a waste plastic feeding port and a crushed plastic discharging port and is used for crushing waste plastics; the crusher 1 is connected to the conveyor 2. The type of the crusher is not limited, and the crusher, such as a splitting machine or a granulator, is the crusher provided by the invention as long as the device capable of changing the plastic with larger volume and area into the plastic with smaller volume or area; wherein, the smaller volume means that the diameter or the length and the width are both less than several centimeters; the small area means that the area of the material with the thickness of less than 1 mm is less than several centimeters, and the specific size of the material is based on the convenience in conveying and feeding.
In some embodiments of the invention, as shown in fig. 1, the high temperature pyrolyzer 4 further includes a rotating machine 44 connected to the pyrolyzer 41 via a transmission mechanism 441 for driving the pyrolyzer 41 to rotate. When the rotating machine 44 drives the pyrolyzer 41 to rotate, the plastic which is not decomposed in the pyrolysis process is continuously overturned in the pyrolyzer 41 along with the rotation of the pyrolyzer 41, so that the pyrolysis speed can be increased, and the discharge of residues is facilitated; the driving method of the rotating machine 44 may be electric driving, pneumatic driving, hydraulic driving, etc., and any equipment or device that provides power for the rotation of the pyrolyzer 41 is regarded as the rotating machine 44 according to the present invention.
The present invention is not limited to the type of the conveying device 2, as long as the device capable of conveying waste plastics or pulverized waste plastics to the charging machine 3 is the conveying device 2 according to the present invention, such as a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, or the like.
In the present invention, the inert gas in the inert gas system 43 is nitrogen, argon or other inert gases; the function of the inert gas system 43 includes two aspects: firstly, the pyrolyzer 41 is sealed, so that gas, materials and the like needing to be isolated, such as air and the like, are prevented from entering the pyrolyzer 41; secondly, when the system is started, the gases such as oxygen or air which may exist in the pyrolyzer 41 and affect the normal pyrolysis are purged.
The type of the heater 42 is not limited in the present invention, and may be a gas type, a fuel type, or other mechanism or device capable of heating the heater, such as an electric heating type. The function of the heater 42 is to raise the pyrolyzer to a higher temperature at which the plastic can be pyrolyzed and to maintain the temperature in the pyrolyzer 41 within the desired pyrolysis temperature range while the system is in operation.
The exhauster 5 of the present invention may be a variety of equipments capable of exhausting gas, and as long as the equipments are capable of exhausting gas in the pyrolyzer 41, the equipments are all the exhauster 5 of the present invention, such as a vacuum pump, a blower, etc.; if the gas in the pyrolyzer 41 is discharged by the positive pressure generated by the gasification and expansion of the pyrolysis process, a vacuum pump or a fan or the like is not required.
A preparation method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic pyrolysis comprises the following steps:
a) conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine for temporary storage;
b) filling inert gas into the high-temperature pyrolyzer and exhausting air, heating the high-temperature pyrolyzer to a temperature required by pyrolysis, adding waste plastic into the high-temperature pyrolyzer by a feeding machine, and pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the high-temperature pyrolyzer to obtain combustible gas, residual liquid and solid;
c) and the combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer through a pump-discharger, and the residual liquid and the solid are discharged from a discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolyzer.
The waste plastics in the invention include, but are not limited to, high polymer materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate and the like and products thereof, rubber and products thereof, or other high polymer which can be pyrolyzed at a certain temperature. The waste plastics are generally crushed waste plastics which are crushed into required shapes and sizes by a crusher; the required shape and size refer to the shape and size convenient for conveying and charging; if the target waste plastic morphology to be pyrolyzed itself meets the transport and charging requirements, no crusher crushing treatment is required.
In some embodiments of the invention, the feeder is capable of continuously or intermittently feeding waste plastics into the high temperature pyrolyzer.
In some embodiments of the invention, the inert gas is nitrogen, argon, or other inert gas.
In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature required for pyrolysis is 300 ℃ or greater.
In some embodiments of the invention, the high-temperature pyrolyzer can rotate during pyrolysis, so that the waste plastics which are not pyrolyzed completely are continuously turned over in the high-temperature pyrolyzer, thereby accelerating the pyrolysis speed of the waste plastics and being beneficial to discharging pyrolysis residues.
In some embodiments of the invention, the combustible gas is discharged from the gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer and then sent to a storage tank or directly combusted or generated or purified by an internal combustion engine; in other embodiments of the present invention, the combustible gas after exiting requires cooling equipment to cool; in other embodiments of the invention, when the combustible gas is used in the generation of electricity by an internal combustion engine, the combustible gas is scrubbed before entering a generator set to remove components that may affect the normal operation of the generator set.
The invention can obtain good economic benefit, and 1 ton of waste plastic can be pyrolyzed to obtain 990kg of combustible gas (about 750 m)3) The internal combustion engine is used for generating electricity to obtain about 2280 kW.h of electricity, and the annual electricity generation yield is about 2223 ten thousand yuan if a set of waste plastic device with the annual treatment capacity of 1.5 ten thousand tons and the price of on-line electricity is calculated according to 0.65 yuan; about 50kg of hydrogen can be extracted from 1 ton of waste plastic pyrolysis gas, and the annual treatment capacity of the device is 1.5 ten thousand tons of waste plastic according to the current hydrogen market price of 40 yuan per kilogram, and the sales income of purified hydrogen can reach 3000 ten thousand yuan; and the combustible gas after the hydrogen extraction is reused for power generation, and the power generation amount is reduced by about 10% compared with the power generation amount of the gas before the extraction.
In actual operation, the quality, the power generation amount and the purified hydrogen amount of combustible gas generated by actual pyrolysis of 1 ton of waste plastics are different due to different specific types of waste plastics and different gas components generated by cracking.
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Examples
The system and method for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 1, taking an example of 24 tons (1.0 ton/hour) of waste plastics per day.
In the preparation system for preparing the fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of the waste plastics, the full-automatic operation of the crusher 1 can be realized except that the crusher needs manual feeding and operation.
About 24 tons of waste plastics are collected per day on average, crushed into a desired shape and size by a crusher, and temporarily stored in a material-taking place of the conveyor 2, and the waste plastics are crushed in an amount of 1.0 ton/hour on average to ensure continuous operation of the system.
Before the system operates, the rotating machine 44 drives the pyrolyzer 41 to rotate at a certain speed through the transmission mechanism 441, the conveying device 2 conveys part of the waste plastics to the charger 3 for temporary storage, and enough waste plastics amount in the charger 3 is maintained;
after the system is started, the exhauster 5 starts to exhaust air from the pyrolyzer cavity 410 of the high-temperature pyrolyzer 4, and simultaneously opens the nitrogen system 43 to introduce nitrogen into the pyrolyzer cavity 410 so as to exhaust air and other gases which can affect normal pyrolysis in the pyrolyzer cavity, and closes a relevant connecting port of the pyrolyzer 41, so that unnecessary gases and other substances are prevented from entering the pyrolyzer cavity 410; the heater 42 is started to heat the pyrolyzer 41, after the pyrolyzer 41 is heated to the effective pyrolysis temperature of the waste plastics (above 300 ℃), the charging machine 3 starts to charge the waste plastics into the pyrolyzer 41 (the average charging speed is 1.0 ton/h), the temperature of the waste plastics is rapidly raised to the pyrolysis temperature, the waste plastics are gradually pyrolyzed to generate combustible gases such as hydrocarbon and hydrogen, and the undecomposed plastics are overturned along with the rotation of the pyrolyzer 41 in the pyrolyzer 41 and are continuously and fully pyrolyzed. The combustible gas generated by pyrolysis is continuously discharged from the pyrolyzer 41 through the gas outlet 412 under the action of the exhauster 5, and is sent to a storage or direct combustion or a subsequent process such as power generation or purification of an internal combustion engine.
In the running process of the system, the conveying device 2 conveys the waste plastics to the charging machine in real time according to the amount of the waste plastics temporarily stored in the charging machine 3; the heater 42 adjusts the temperature in real time according to the temperature fluctuation and requirement of the pyrolyzer 41 to maintain the normal pyrolysis temperature. Maintaining a waste plastic feed of 1 ton/hour, the amount of combustible gas produced is about 750Nm3H (about 990 kg/h). Some high molecular components which are difficult to be pyrolyzed into gaseous substances form residual liquid near the discharge opening 413 due to different types of waste plastics, and simultaneously, non-decomposable impurities mixed in the waste plastics and inorganic components added in the deep processing of the plastics are separated as solids near the discharge opening 413, and the residual liquid and the solids are separatedThe body is discharged through the discharge opening 413. Because of the different types of waste plastics and the entry of inert gas used for sealing, the gas obtained by pumping contains a small amount of non-combustible gas components.
The preparation system for preparing combustible gas by pyrolyzing 1.0 ton of waste plastics to generate about 750m3The combustible gas, such as the steam boiler heated by direct combustion, can generate about 12 tons of saturated steam with 1.0MPa, and 1837 kW.h can be generated by a steam turbine generator unit.
750m produced by pyrolysis of 1 ton of waste plastics3The combustible gas is generated by an internal combustion engine set to obtain about 2280 kW.h of electric power, the operation lasts for 8600 hours in year, and the annual power generation income is about 1274.52 ten thousand yuan if the price of the on-grid electricity is calculated according to 0.65 yuan. About 50kg of hydrogen can be extracted from 1 ton of waste plastic pyrolysis gas, the hydrogen can be sold into 1720 ten thousand yuan after being operated for 8600 hours per year according to the current hydrogen market price of 40 yuan per kilogram, and the electricity can be generated by the combustible gas after the hydrogen is extracted, so that the electricity can be reduced by about 10 percent compared with the electricity generated by the combustible gas fully fed into the internal combustion engine set.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A system for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis is characterized by comprising a conveying device (2), a feeder (3), a high-temperature pyrolyzer (4) and a pump drainage machine (5) which are connected in sequence;
the conveying device (2) is used for conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine (3);
the charging machine (3) is provided with a charging port and a discharging port and is used for charging the conveyed waste plastics into the high-temperature pyrolyzer; the feed inlet is communicated with the conveying device (2);
the high-temperature pyrolyzer (4) comprises an inert gas system (43), a heater (42) and a pyrolyzer (41) for pyrolyzing the waste plastics; the inert gas system (43) comprises an inert gas source, an inert gas pipeline (432) and an inert gas outlet, and is used for discharging air in the pyrolyzer (41); the heater (42) is used for heating the pyrolyzer (41); the pyrolyzer (41) comprises a feed inlet (411), a pyrolyzer cavity (410), an inert gas inlet, a gas outlet (412) and a discharge outlet (413), wherein the feed inlet (411) is communicated with a discharge hole of the feeder (3), and the inert gas inlet is communicated with an inert gas outlet of the inert gas system (43);
the exhauster (5) further comprises an exhaust pipeline and an exhaust port, the exhaust pipeline is used for exhausting gas in the pyrolyzer cavity (410), and the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the gas outlet (412) of the pyrolyzer (41).
2. The system for producing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 1, further comprising a crusher (1); the crusher (1) is provided with a waste plastic feeding port and a crushed plastic discharging port and is used for crushing waste plastics; the broken plastic outlet is connected with the conveying device (2).
3. The system for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 2, wherein the crusher (1) is a slitter or a pelletizer.
4. System for the high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastic for the production of fuel gas according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high-temperature pyrolyzer (4) further comprises a rotary machine (44), said rotary machine (44) being connected to the pyrolyzer (41) via a transmission mechanism (441) for driving the pyrolyzer (41) in rotation.
5. The system for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the heater (42) is selected from any one of a gas-type heater, a fuel-type heater, and an electric heating-type heater.
6. The system for preparing fuel gas by high-temperature pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 1, wherein the exhauster (5) is a vacuum pump, a blower.
7. A preparation method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic pyrolysis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a) conveying the waste plastics to a charging machine for temporary storage;
b) filling inert gas into the high-temperature pyrolyzer and exhausting air, heating the high-temperature pyrolyzer to a temperature required by pyrolysis, adding waste plastic into the high-temperature pyrolyzer by a feeding machine, and pyrolyzing the waste plastic in the high-temperature pyrolyzer to obtain combustible gas, residual liquid and solid;
c) and the combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer through a pump-discharger, and the residual liquid and the solid are discharged from a discharge port of the high-temperature pyrolyzer.
8. The process for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 7, further comprising at least one of the following technical features:
a1) in the step a), the waste plastics comprise polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polymethyl methacrylate materials and products thereof, rubber and products thereof, or other high molecular polymers which can be pyrolyzed at a certain temperature;
a2) in the step a), the charging machine continuously or intermittently charges the waste plastics into the high-temperature pyrolyzer;
a3) in the step a), the waste plastics are crushed waste plastics which are crushed into required shapes and sizes by a crusher;
b1) in the step b), the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;
b2) in the step b), the temperature required by pyrolysis is more than or equal to 300 ℃;
b3) in the step b), the high-temperature pyrolyzer can rotate in the pyrolysis process;
c1) in step c), the combustible gas comprises hydrocarbon and hydrogen;
c2) and in the step c), the combustible gas is discharged from a gas outlet of the high-temperature pyrolyzer through the exhauster and then is sent to a storage device or is directly combusted or is generated or purified by an internal combustion engine.
9. The process for producing fuel gas by pyrolysis of waste plastics according to claim 8, wherein the desired shape and size are for easy transportation and charging.
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| CN202110973878.3A CN113522172A (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2021-08-24 | System and method for preparing fuel gas by waste plastic high-temperature pyrolysis |
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