CN113519557A - 一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法及其用途 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及蟑螂防治灭杀领域，尤其涉及从蟑螂虫沙中制备蟑螂聚集信息素提取物的方法及其用途；包括如下步骤：将蟑螂虫沙经50℃低温干燥8h，粉碎、过筛，置超临界CO2萃取装置中萃取，萃取时加入携带剂，收集萃取物，即得到蟑螂聚集信息素提取物；其引诱效果良好，制备工艺简单，可满足大规模灭杀蟑螂的需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蟑螂防治灭杀领域，尤其涉及一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物及其用途。
背景技术
蟑螂作为一种生命力极强的害虫，广泛的分布于各种生活和生产场景中，给人类的生产、生活及生命安全造成极大的损失和安全隐患。蟑螂是一种聚集类昆虫，在其虫沙中发现聚集信息素。
亚临界流体萃取是以亚临界状态的流体或亚临界流体的混合溶液为溶媒，与溶质在系统内相继经过浸提、蒸发脱溶、压缩、冷凝回收等过程，从天然产物中提取目标组分的一种新技术。当所用溶剂以亚临界流体状态存在时，分子的扩散性能增强，传质速度加快，对天然产物中弱极性以及非极性物质的渗透性和溶解能力显著提高。亚临界环境下萃取，不破坏热敏性成分、目的物完全，被视为绿色环保、前景广阔的一项变革性技术。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物及其用途，满足大规模引诱杀灭蟑螂的实际需求。
为解决上述的技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，将蟑螂虫沙经40℃～60℃干燥6h，粉碎，置亚临界萃取装置中萃取，收集萃取物，即得到蟑螂虫沙萃取物。
作为优选，携带剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇中的一种或几种。
作为优选，亚临界萃取条件为：料溶比1：0.5～1：10，压力0.3～4.0MPa，温度20～80℃，提取时间20min～300min。
作为优选，料溶比1：1.3，压力0.4MPa，温度30℃，提取时间60min。
作为优选，萃取溶剂为丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、二甲醚、液化石油气、六氟化硫、正己烷、环己烷、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮中一种或多种的混合物。
作为优选，所述亚临界萃取溶剂其温度和压力均低于该化合物的临界值。
一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的用途，蟑螂虫沙萃取物用于蟑螂引诱剂的制备。
作为优选，蟑螂引诱剂中含有蟑螂虫沙萃取物，蚕蛹粉或鱼粉，熟制面粉、熟制玉米粉、熟制米粉、熟制黄豆粉、熟制豌豆粉、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物，花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、葵花子油、棕榈油、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物。
作为优选，其原料按照重量分配比包括：
作为优选，所述蟑螂引诱剂，其原料按照重量分配比包括：
作为优选，所述蟑螂引诱剂，其原料按照重量分配比包括：
优选地，所述蟑螂引诱剂，其原料按照重量分配比包括：
作为优选，将蟑螂引诱剂按一定比例加入到杀蟑胶饵的配方中。
作为优选，蟑螂引诱剂直接包装成带孔小袋，放入蟑螂屋中。
与现有技术相比，本发明至少具有以下有益效果之一：
(1)、同时加入食物型引诱剂和蟑螂虫沙萃取物，使引诱性倍增。
(2)、原料组分中同时含有易挥发的吸引蟑螂成分，也含有难挥发吸引蟑螂成分，能够达到长效引诱蟑螂的效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明引诱箱结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
一、蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备
实施例1
蟑螂虫沙经50℃干燥6h，粉碎，称取2kg，置亚临界萃取装置中，携带剂为乙醇，萃取溶剂为正丁烷，料溶比1：1.3，压力0.4MPa，温度30℃，提取时间60min，收集萃取物即得。
实施例2
蟑螂虫沙经50℃干燥6h，粉碎，称取1.5kg，置亚临界萃取装置中，携带剂为甲醇，萃取溶剂为乙醇，料溶比1：10，压力0.6MPa，温度60℃，提取时间40min，收集萃取物即得。
实施例3
蟑螂虫沙经50℃干燥6h，粉碎，称取1kg，置亚临界萃取装置中，携带剂为乙酸乙酯，萃取溶剂为正己烷，料溶比1：1，压力0.3MPa，温度40℃，提取时间80min，收集萃取物即得。
根据上表可知，本发明使用亚临界萃取方法，可以从蟑螂虫沙中萃取含有信息素的萃取物，其中以实施例1中的操作条件萃取物得率最高。
二、用实施例1制备的蟑螂虫沙萃取物用于蟑螂引诱剂制备
实施例4
本实施例的蟑螂引诱剂由以下质量分配比的各组分进行制备：
实施例5
本实施例的蟑螂引诱剂由以下质量分配比的各组分进行制备：
蟑螂虫沙萃取物 100％。
实施例6
本实施例的蟑螂引诱剂由以下质量分配比的各组分进行制备：
蟑螂虫沙萃取物 1％；
鱼粉 99％。
实施例7
本实施例的蟑螂引诱剂由以下质量分配比的各组分进行制备：
测试上述实施例制备的引诱剂的引诱效果，测试方法如下：
将环境温度调为25±℃，湿度控制在55％，用图1的引诱箱子，在右侧箱口处放置蟑螂粘捕板，于粘捕板中间分别放置1袋相同包装的实施例蟑螂引诱剂和市售的蟑螂引诱剂A。将50头美洲大蠊置于左侧箱体中，30min后待虫趋于平静，缓缓移走两侧箱体中间的隔板。摄像机进行远程监测，防止人为观察造成误差。6h后开始观察计数，以每六小时作为计数点，观察24h。右侧箱体对应引诱物诱集虫数，左侧为未选择虫数。
表1实施例4～7与在售引诱剂A的测试效果
从表1的测试结果可知，4个实施例蟑螂引诱剂的诱捕蟑螂效果明显优于市销销量靠前的引诱剂A。
以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制，故凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：将蟑螂虫沙经40℃～60℃干燥6h，粉碎，置亚临界萃取装置中萃取，萃取时加入携带剂，收集萃取物，即得到蟑螂虫沙萃取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：携带剂为甲醇、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：亚临界萃取条件为：料溶比1：0.5～1：10，压力0.3～4.0MPa，温度20～80℃，提取时间20min～300min。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：料溶比1：1.3，压力0.4MPa，温度30℃，提取时间60min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：萃取溶剂为丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷、二甲醚、液化石油气、六氟化硫、正己烷、环己烷、乙醇、甲醇、丙酮中一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的制备方法，其特征在于：所述亚临界萃取溶剂其温度和压力均低于该化合物的临界值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的用途，其特征在于：蟑螂虫沙萃取物用于蟑螂引诱剂的制备。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的用途，其特征在于：蟑螂引诱剂包括蟑螂虫沙萃取物，蚕蛹粉或鱼粉，熟制面粉、熟制玉米粉、熟制米粉、熟制黄豆粉、熟制豌豆粉、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物，花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、葵花子油、棕榈油、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的用途，其特征在于：其原料按照重量分配比包括：
蟑螂虫沙萃取物0.1％～100％；
蚕蛹粉或鱼粉0％～99％；
花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、葵花子油、棕榈油、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物0％～10％；
熟制面粉、熟制玉米粉、熟制米粉、熟制黄豆粉、熟制豌豆粉、熟制花生粉一种或多种的混合物0％～90％。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的一种蟑螂虫沙萃取物的用途，其特征在于：将蟑螂引诱剂按一定比例加入到杀蟑胶饵的配方中或者直接包装成带孔小袋，放入蟑螂屋中。
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