CN113513563A - A multi-speed hub transmission with three motors and two brakes - Google Patents
A multi-speed hub transmission with three motors and two brakes Download PDFInfo
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- CN113513563A CN113513563A CN202110488638.4A CN202110488638A CN113513563A CN 113513563 A CN113513563 A CN 113513563A CN 202110488638 A CN202110488638 A CN 202110488638A CN 113513563 A CN113513563 A CN 113513563A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
- F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/08—General details of gearing of gearings with members having orbital motion
- F16H57/10—Braking arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H2200/00—Transmissions for multiple ratios
- F16H2200/003—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds
- F16H2200/0034—Transmissions for multiple ratios characterised by the number of forward speeds the gear ratios comprising two forward speeds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含三电机两制动器的多档轮毂变速器，其特征主要由电动机、行星齿轮系、定子、第一制动器、第二制动器组成，第一制动器、第二制动器呈现串联式结构，通过交替制动实现档位的转换；另外本发明采用多电机输入，电机固联于行星架上，电机通过转轴直接将动力传递给行星轮，具有动力大、响应速度快等特点。本发明可实现2个前进挡，1个驻车档和1个空挡，同时具有涉及零件少、重量轻，结构紧凑、换挡方式简单，传动效率高和装配精度要求低等特点，对现有的电动车轮毂电机的传动结构提供了一种新的方案参考，具有较好的使用价值和应用前景。
The invention relates to a multi-speed hub transmission with three motors and two brakes, which is mainly composed of an electric motor, a planetary gear train, a stator, a first brake and a second brake. Alternate braking realizes gear shift; in addition, the invention adopts multi-motor input, the motor is fixed on the planet carrier, and the motor directly transmits power to the planetary wheel through the rotating shaft, which has the characteristics of large power and fast response speed. The invention can realize 2 forward gears, 1 parking gear and 1 neutral gear, and has the characteristics of few parts involved, light weight, compact structure, simple shifting method, high transmission efficiency and low assembly precision requirements, etc. The transmission structure of the electric wheel hub motor provides a new solution reference, which has better use value and application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hub motors of electric vehicles, and particularly relates to a multi-gear hub transmission with three motors and two brakes.
Background
Nowadays, electric vehicles are seen everywhere in daily life, and electric vehicles for the elderly have become more and more popular in recent years. In an electric vehicle, a hub motor technology is generally used, and a power device and a transmission device are integrated in a wheel by the hub motor, so that the power part of the electric vehicle is greatly simplified. However, with the increase of travel demands of daily life, the development speed of the hub motor of the electric vehicle is slow, the driving road condition of the electric vehicle is gradually complex, and the bearing, the driving speed and the resistance of the vehicle in daily life are greatly changed. When the vehicle runs on the urban horizontal road at a constant speed and the vehicle load is light, the running resistance is small. When climbing a slope or overloading, the running resistance of the vehicle becomes large, and the required driving force has a difference of several times or even more than ten times. In addition, when the electric vehicle needs to meet the driving power requirement under special road conditions and can drive at fifty kilometers per hour or even faster, the energy of the battery is consumed along with the lapse of driving time. The riding requirement of the electric vehicle under special road conditions cannot be met only by the storage battery of the electric vehicle. The planetary gear train structure in the hub motor is required to increase the torque and adjust the rotating speed range to meet the special running requirement of the electric vehicle. Meanwhile, in daily life, the electric vehicle needs to be frequently started/stopped and regulated in speed, corresponding gear setting is lacked, and only a single speed control handle is used, so that electric energy is wasted and the driving safety problem also exists. But the size of the hub motor is limited, and the hub motor cannot be easily realized by changing gear parameters, increasing gears and the like. Because the planetary gear train has multiple schemes, the transmission specific volume is easy to adjust, the gear shifting is convenient, and the scheme that the proper planetary gear train and the corresponding brake are matched can be designed to solve the problems.
Patent CN108242866A provides an in-wheel motor that adopts two-stage planetary gear, this in-wheel motor has first order planetary gear reduction mechanism and second level planetary gear reduction mechanism, has increased the reduction ratio to the output torque of motor has been increased, thereby has increased the efficiency platform of motor, can adapt to different road conditions and drive power stronger. The invention increases the reduction ratio and the output torque of the motor by adding the planetary gear train, but does not consider the problems of the size of the hub motor of the actual vehicle and the like, and has poor practicability.
Patent CN111224527B discloses an axial magnetic field hub motor, which comprises a main shaft, a hub and an end cover, as well as a motor and a planetary reduction mechanism. The hub motor has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and wide high-efficiency interval, and can greatly improve the endurance mileage of the electric bicycle. The invention does not consider the reduction ratio of the electric vehicle, improves the single-gear hub motor, and has the advantages that when the electric quantity is insufficient, the hub motor still cuts magnetic induction lines, the riding or pushing is difficult, and corresponding gears such as neutral gear and the like are lacked.
Patent CN104786824A discloses an electric vehicle wheel driving device, which is characterized by comprising a motor and a wheel reduction gear. The invention can integrate the motor and the hub reducer inside the wheel, shorten the axial size and fully utilize the space inside the wheel, thereby reducing the interference of the motor to the suspension and the steering mechanism during steering, prolonging the service life of the hub bearing and optimizing the driving performance of the vehicle. The invention researches the axial size of the hub motor, but the power input aspect of the hub motor and the design of the planetary gear train structure of the hub motor are lack of research after the axial size is reduced, and the invention is only a single-gear hub motor, lacks gears and is inconvenient to drive.
The existing electric vehicle hub motor transmission mostly adopts single-stage reduction gear transmission with only one speed ratio, which is difficult to meet the complicated and changeable power requirements of the electric vehicle, or the climbing capability is poor, the speed is slow, or even if the rotating speed of the driving motor is very high, the driving force and the speed can not be well considered, and the electric energy is wasted. The existing hub motor related inventions have a plurality of optimization schemes on the aspect of structural dimension, but the optimized hub motor input is not considered. If the electric vehicle adopts the hub motor transmission with multiple gears and three powers, the power performance of the electric vehicle can be obviously improved, and the requirements on a driving motor and a power battery pack can be reduced, so that the cost of a power system of the electric vehicle is reduced, and resources are saved. Therefore, the development of the hub motor transmission of the electric vehicle with the multi-gear speed change three motors is an important precondition for the popularization of the electric vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of high energy consumption, only single gear or difficult gear shifting and the like of the conventional hub motor transmission of the electric vehicle, the invention designs a novel multi-gear hub transmission driven by high-low gears, double brakes and three motors based on the characteristics of a planetary gear train and in consideration of actual working conditions, and the novel multi-gear hub transmission is beneficial to supplement of the conventional hub motor transmission of the electric vehicle.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
the invention relates to a multi-gear hub transmission with three motors and two brakes, which is characterized in that the two-gear transmission consists of a gear transmission module, a gear shifting control module and a power module; the multi-gear hub transmission with the three motors and the two brakes mainly comprises an electric slip ring, a rotor, a planet wheel, a center wheel, a piston rod, a piston cylinder stroke limiting block, a brake outer ring, a brake inner ring, an oil way, a reset spring, a steel sheet, a friction plate, a wire hole, a sealing ring, a planet carrier, a motor, a first brake, a second brake and a stator.
The gear transmission module comprises a central wheel, a planet wheel, a rotor and a planet carrier; the central wheel is externally meshed with the planetary wheel, and the planetary wheel is internally meshed with the rotor; the rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the planet wheel through a key; the stator shaft is provided with two shaft shoulders, an oil way and a wire hole; a bearing is arranged between the central wheel and the stator; a bearing is arranged between the planet carrier and the stator; the rotor and the stator are provided with bearings at two ends.
The gear shifting control module comprises a first brake and a second brake; the first brake and the second brake are in left-right series connection. The first brake and the second brake comprise piston cylinders consisting of brake outer rings and brake inner rings, piston rods, piston cylinder limit blocks, return springs, steel sheets, friction plates and sealing rings; the steel sheet is connected with the brake outer ring through a spline; the friction plate is connected with the central wheel or the planet carrier through a spline; the outer ring of the first brake is in contact with a shaft shoulder at the left end of the stator, and the inner ring of the first brake is in contact with the bearing, so that axial positioning is completed; and the outer ring of the second brake is in contact with the bearing, the inner ring of the second brake is in contact with the bearing, and the bearing is in contact with the right shaft shoulder of the stator to complete axial positioning. The parts on the shaft are installed in the order of first left and then right.
The power module comprises a motor and an electric slip ring; the number of the motors is 3-5, and the motors are symmetrically distributed; the shell of the motor is fixedly connected with the planet carrier; the electric slip ring is fixed on the shell of the motor; a rotating shaft of the motor is connected with the planet wheel through a key for power transmission; and the electric wire of the motor passes through the electric slip ring and then enters the wire hole of the stator to penetrate out of the hub motor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts three motors for power input, and the motors are arranged on the planet carrier, thereby having the characteristics of compact structure, large load and small occupied space. Through the synchronous control of the three motors, the planetary wheel is directly driven, so that the beneficial effects of saving transmission parts, ensuring high efficiency in the transmission process, quick operation response and the like can be achieved.
2. The invention adopts a transverse series connection structure of double brakes to realize gear shifting operation, solves the problems of gear lack and gear shifting difficulty of electric vehicles on the market, and has the characteristics of compact structure and high gear shifting efficiency. The invention has two forward gears, and a neutral gear and a parking gear are arranged in consideration of the actual condition of frequent starting/stopping of the electric vehicle.
3. The invention adopts the layout of the planetary gears, when different brakes are combined, different gear transmission routes start to work, the control structure is simple, the invention has the advantages of small transverse occupied space, large bearing capacity, good stability and the like, can meet the design requirements of different driving road conditions, and has stronger adaptability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a hub motor.
Fig. 2 is a first gear power transmission route diagram.
Fig. 3 is a power transmission route diagram of second gear.
Fig. 4 is a brake operation diagram of the parking position.
Wherein: 1 electric slip ring, 2 rotors, 3 planet wheels, 4 center wheels, 5 piston rods, 6 piston cylinder stroke-limiting blocks, 7 brake outer rings, 8 brake inner rings, 9 oil ways, 10 return springs, 11 steel sheets, 12 friction plates, 13 wire holes, 14 sealing rings, an H planet carrier, an M motor, a B1 first brake, a B2 second brake and an I stator. The arrow line a represents a power transmission route, and b represents an oil delivery route.
Detailed Description
As shown in figure 1, the invention relates to a three-power two-gear speed change hub motor device which is characterized by mainly comprising a motor M, a first brake B1, a second brake B2, a planetary gear train, a rotor 2 and a stator I.
The shell of the motor M is connected with the planet carrier H, the rotating shaft of the motor M is connected with the planet wheel 3 through a key, the electric wire of the motor M enters the wire hole 13 of the stator I through the electric slip ring 1 and penetrates out of the hub motor, and the motor M is mounted inside. In the planetary gear train, a central wheel 4 is externally meshed with a planetary wheel 3, the planetary wheel 3 is internally meshed with a rotor 2, and a stator I shaft is provided with two shaft shoulders, an oil path 9 and a wire hole 13; a bearing is arranged between the central wheel 4 and the stator I; a bearing is arranged between the planet carrier H and the stator I; the rotor 2 and the stator I are provided with bearings at two ends. The first brake B1 and the second brake B2 comprise piston cylinders consisting of a brake outer ring 7 and a brake inner ring 8, piston rods 5, piston cylinder distance limiting blocks 6, return springs 10, steel sheets 11, friction plates 12 and sealing rings 14; the steel sheet 11 is connected with the brake outer ring 7 through a spline; the friction plate 12 is connected with the central wheel 4 or the planet carrier H through a spline; a brake outer ring 7 of the first brake B1 is in contact with a left end shaft shoulder of the stator I, and an inner ring 8 of the first brake B1 is in contact with a bearing, so that axial positioning is completed; the outer ring 7 of the second brake B2 is in contact with a bearing, the inner ring 8 of the second brake B2 is in contact with a bearing, and the bearing is in contact with the right shaft shoulder of the stator I, so that the axial positioning is completed.
The working principle of the invention is illustrated as follows:
according to the speed per hour requirement of the existing electric vehicle and the requirement of gear shifting of the electric vehicle by combining special road conditions, the number of teeth of the designed gear is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Gear teeth number table
| Name of tooth number | Central wheel | Planet wheel | Rotor | Modulus of elasticity |
| Number of teeth | 77 | 31 | 139 | 1 |
The actuators for the respective gears are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 Shift actuator Enforcement Table
Note: in the table, "●" indicates binding and ". smallcircle" indicates separation;
with reference to fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and table 2, the transmission routes of the gears are described as follows:
1. forward first gear
As shown in fig. 2, when the electric motor M is started, hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder of the first brake B1 through the oil passage 9, the piston rod 5 is pushed to engage the steel plate 11 with the friction plate 12, and the first brake B1 brakes the brake, and the oil is supplied through a path indicated by an arrow B in fig. 2. At this time, the rotation speed of the planet carrier H is zero. The central wheel 4, the planet wheel 3, the rotor 2 form a fixed-axis wheel train. The output power of the motor M is transmitted to the planet wheel 3 through a key, the planet carrier H brakes at the moment, the rotating speed of the planet wheel 3 is absolute rotating speed, and the planet wheel 3 transmits the power to the rotor 2 to output the power. The transmission path of the power is shown by the arrow line a in fig. 2.
2. Forward second gear
As shown in fig. 3, when the electric motor M is started, hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinder of the second brake B2 through the oil passage 9, the piston rod 5 is pushed to engage the steel plate 11 with the friction plate 12, and the second brake B2 brakes, and the oil is supplied through a path indicated by an arrow B in fig. 3. The centre wheel 4 is now at zero speed. The central wheel 4, the planet wheel 3, the rotor 2 and the planet carrier H form a planet wheel train. Motor M output power transmits for planet wheel 3 through the key on the one hand, and on the other hand transmits for planet carrier H, and planet carrier H does not brake this moment, and planet wheel 3's output rotational speed is relative speed, and planet wheel 3 transmits power for rotor 2, carries out output power. The transmission path of the power is shown by the arrow line a in fig. 3.
3. Neutral gear
When the first brake B1 and the second brake B2 are simultaneously released, the motor M stops working, and the vehicle runs by inertia or is stationary.
4. Parking gear
When the vehicle is stopped and needs to be parked, as shown in fig. 4, hydraulic oil is supplied to the hydraulic cylinders of the first brake B1 and the second brake B2 through the oil passage 9, the piston rod 5 is pushed to enable the steel sheet 11 to be combined with the friction sheet 12, the first brake B1 and the second brake B2 brake, and the oil is supplied in a path shown by an arrow mark B in fig. 4. The first brake B1 and the second brake B1 are kept engaged, the motor M stops working, the planetary wheels 3 cannot rotate, and power cannot be transmitted to the rotor 2, so that the wheels cannot rotate.
Gear shifting process
In the first gear and the second gear, the first brake B1 is separated through the gear shifting control unit, the second brake B2 is engaged, a new planetary gear train movement is formed, and the motor M is still used as input power, so that the new planetary gear train movement conversion is realized.
In the second gear shifting, the second brake B2 is separated through the gear shifting control unit, the first brake B1 is engaged, a new gear train motion is formed, and the motor M is still used as input power to realize the new gear train motion conversion.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110488638.4A CN113513563B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Multi-gear hub transmission with three motors and two brakes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110488638.4A CN113513563B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Multi-gear hub transmission with three motors and two brakes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113513563A true CN113513563A (en) | 2021-10-19 |
| CN113513563B CN113513563B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202110488638.4A Active CN113513563B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Multi-gear hub transmission with three motors and two brakes |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103795181A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏大学 | Wheel hub motor with multiple inner motors connected in parallel |
| CN105526318A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-27 | 吉林大学 | Electric drive system based on two-gear transmission device |
| CN105736654A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-06 | 长安大学 | Two-stage gearbox of electric vehicle |
| CN106956584A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-18 | 深圳市万维博新能源技术有限公司 | Many motor multi gear wheel hub power devices |
| US9719584B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-08-01 | Guangzhou Sunmile Dynamic Technologies Corp., Ltd | Two-speed transaxle for electric vehicle |
| CN207939377U (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-02 | 马亚静 | A kind of multi gear position automatic gear-shifting hub for electric vehicle motor |
| CN109417332A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-03-01 | 法雷奥西门子新能源汽车(德国)有限公司 | Rotating electric machine |
-
2021
- 2021-04-26 CN CN202110488638.4A patent/CN113513563B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103795181A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-14 | 江苏大学 | Wheel hub motor with multiple inner motors connected in parallel |
| CN105526318A (en) * | 2016-01-22 | 2016-04-27 | 吉林大学 | Electric drive system based on two-gear transmission device |
| CN105736654A (en) * | 2016-04-20 | 2016-07-06 | 长安大学 | Two-stage gearbox of electric vehicle |
| CN109417332A (en) * | 2016-05-03 | 2019-03-01 | 法雷奥西门子新能源汽车(德国)有限公司 | Rotating electric machine |
| US9719584B1 (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2017-08-01 | Guangzhou Sunmile Dynamic Technologies Corp., Ltd | Two-speed transaxle for electric vehicle |
| CN106956584A (en) * | 2017-04-10 | 2017-07-18 | 深圳市万维博新能源技术有限公司 | Many motor multi gear wheel hub power devices |
| CN207939377U (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-10-02 | 马亚静 | A kind of multi gear position automatic gear-shifting hub for electric vehicle motor |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN113513563B (en) | 2024-06-11 |
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