CN113494523B - A heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing, which comprises a support ring, several point-supported elastic tilting pads, several fixed pads and a thrust plate; the support ring and the thrust plate are arranged coaxially, Several point-supported elastic tilting tiles are evenly distributed on the support ring in the circumferential direction; several fixed tiles are evenly distributed on the thrust plate along the circumferential direction; A. A tile seat, an elastic layer, a support layer and a rigid ball head; the tile surface wear-resistant layer A is made of any material among polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramics and hard alloy. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the friction pair made of high hardness material, the elastic layer made of high damping elastic material and the rigid ball head structure are integrated into a single thrust pad, which improves the overall performance of the thrust pad and enables the thrust pad to have high Load carrying capacity, high wear resistance, shock absorbing and load sharing functions, and impact resistance.

Description

A heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing

technical field

The invention relates to a thrust bearing, in particular to a heavy-duty point-supported elastic tiltable pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing.

Background technique

The load-carrying performance and wear resistance of water-lubricated thrust bearings limit its large-scale application. In the field of underwater propulsion systems of ships, the vibration reduction function and low noise characteristics of water-lubricated thrust bearings must also be considered to improve the concealment of ships. At present, water-lubricated thrust bearings generally use high-molecular polymers, nylon, laminates and other materials to make friction pairs of thrust pads. These materials will soon fail due to wear and tear in sediment-water lubricated environments. Develop or select materials with high load-carrying capacity and Wear-resistant water-lubricating materials are the key to solving problems such as bearing performance and wear resistance. Due to the low-noise characteristics of the bearing, in the structural optimization design of the bearing, it is considered to integrate the elastic large damping material and the rigid ball head support structure into the thrust pad, and develop a point-supported elastic tilting function with flexible adaptive tilt function and vibration absorption function. Tile is a more feasible solution.

Studies have found that increasing the hardness of the friction pair materials of water-lubricated thrust bearings can significantly improve the load-carrying performance and wear resistance of the bearings. Such materials include polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, cemented carbide, ceramics, etc. Polycrystalline diamond has been used in water lubricated thrust bearings. At present, the authorized and published Chinese patents related to sliding thrust bearings developed with polycrystalline diamond materials include "Diamond Sliding Thrust Bearing" (Notice No.: CN203835953U); (publication number: CN 112727919 A); foreign patents include "BEARING ASSEMBLIES, AND BEARING APPARATUSES AND MOTOR ASSEMBLIES USING SAME" (US20120255789A1); "BEARING ELEMENTS, BEARING ASSEMBLIES, AND RELATED METHODS" (US20130182980A1 ); "METHODS OF OPERATING A BEARING APPARATUS INCLUDING TILTINGPADS" (US20140355914A1), etc. However, the structures of the above sliding thrust bearings are relatively simple, and most of the thrust pads on the thrust disc or support ring are fixed pad structures, and the thrust pads do not have the ability to change the inclination angle adaptively under working conditions, which is prone to local contact scratches or excessive stress And so on, resulting in tile damage. The US patent "TILTING PAD BEARING ASSEMBLIES, AND BEARING APPARATUSES AND METHODS OF USING THE SAME" (US20200347877A1) discloses a tilting pad thrust bearing based on polycrystalline diamond material, but the pad does not have elastic coordination ability (load sharing function), When the height difference of the pads is large, the local contact stress may be too large, and the bearing does not have the function of damping and absorbing vibrations, and the structure may be induced to generate large frictional vibrations under high speed conditions.

In addition to polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, cemented carbide, and ceramic materials have high hardness and wear resistance, and are also excellent materials for the development of wear-resistant friction pairs of water-lubricated tilting pad thrust bearings. Reports on the application of these materials in water-lubricated tilting pad thrust bearings have been found. At the same time, no relevant patents on point-supported elastic tilting pad thrust bearings have been retrieved at home and abroad.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing to solve the problems of the existing water-lubricated thrust bearings in terms of load capacity, wear resistance, load balancing capacity and vibration reduction. poor performance etc.

The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing, including a support ring, several point-supported elastic tilting pads, several fixed pads and a thrust plate; the support ring and the thrust plate Arranged coaxially, the support ring is connected with the fixed base, and several point-supported elastic tilting pads are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction on the support ring, constituting the non-rotating part of the thrust bearing; the thrust plate is connected with the rotating shaft, and several fixed pads are uniformly Distributed on the thrust plate, it constitutes the rotating part of the thrust bearing; the point-supported elastic tilting pad installed on the support ring is arranged opposite to the fixed pad installed on the thrust plate, and the contact surface of the two constitutes the frictional working surface of the thrust bearing; The point-supported elastic tilting tile includes a tile surface wear-resistant layer A, a substrate layer A, a tile seat, an elastic layer, a support layer and a rigid ball head connected sequentially from top to bottom; the tile surface wear-resistant layer A and the fixed tile The surface of the rigid ball head is directly opposite, and the contact surface is a frictional working surface; the upper part of the rigid ball head is fixed on the support layer, and the lower surface of the rigid ball head is a hemispherical surface, which is installed on the support ring; the wear-resistant layer A of the tile surface adopts It can be made of any material among polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramics and cemented carbide.

According to the above scheme, the tile seat is provided with a top groove, the substrate layer A is connected with the tile surface wear-resistant layer A as a whole and installed in the top groove of the tile seat, and the four corners of the top groove are processed with arc-shaped groove; the support layer is provided with a bottom groove, the upper surface of the rigid ball head is flat, and the upper part of the rigid ball head is fixed in the bottom groove.

According to the above scheme, the substrate layer A is made of hard alloy, stainless steel or copper-based material; the elastic layer is made of synthetic rubber or metal rubber material; both the tile seat and the support layer can be made of stainless steel or copper-based metal material make.

According to the above scheme, when the elastic layer is made of synthetic rubber, the elastic layer is connected with the tile seat and the support layer by bonding or vulcanization; when the elastic layer is made of metal rubber, the elastic layer is connected with the tile seat and the support layer by welding .

According to the above scheme, the fixed tile is a double-layer composite structure, including a tile surface wear-resistant layer B and a substrate layer B arranged in sequence from top to bottom; wherein, the tile surface wear-resistant layer B and the tile surface wear-resistant layer A are formed directly The friction pair is made of the same material; the substrate layer B is connected and fixed with the thrust plate, and the substrate layer B and the substrate layer A are made of the same material.

According to the above scheme, the support ring is an annular groove-like structure, including an inner ring, an outer ring and an annular support plate connecting the inner and outer rings, and the annular support plate of the support ring is spaced apart in the upper direction and is fitted with a rigid ball head. In the installation groove, the lower surface of the rigid ball head is a hemispherical surface, which is set in the installation groove, and the distance between the top of the rigid ball head and the bottom of the supporting layer is 1-2 mm larger than the depth of the installation groove.

According to the above scheme, the top of the inner ring and the outer ring are circumferentially spaced with limiting grooves; the inner arc surface and outer arc surface of the tile seat are respectively connected with limiting trunnions, and the limiting trunnions are adapted to the limiting grooves. .

According to the above scheme, the top of the inner ring of the support ring is provided with an inner retaining ring, and the top of the outer ring of the support ring is provided with an outer retaining ring. After the limit trunnion is installed in the limit groove, the inner and outer retaining rings are pressed respectively groove.

According to the above solution, the inner ring and the outer ring are respectively provided with corresponding through holes.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. In the present invention, the friction pair made of high-hardness material, the elastic layer made of high-damping elastic material and the rigid ball head structure are integrated into a single thrust pad. Abrasiveness, the rigid ball head structure at the bottom of the tile can enhance the ability of the tile to tilt and swing flexibly, and the high damping elastic material in the interlayer can improve the vibration absorption and load sharing function of the thrust block of the tile thrust block, as well as better impact resistance. Through the innovative design of the thrust pad structure, manufacturing materials and manufacturing process, the present invention enables the thrust pad to simultaneously have high load-bearing capacity, high wear resistance, flexible tilting and swinging ability, vibration-absorbing and load-sharing functions, and better impact resistance Performance and other advantages, to meet the needs of ships, underwater vehicles, etc. for high-load, wear-resistant, low-noise water-lubricated thrust bearings.

2. The structure of the present invention is simple and reasonable, the bearing parts are few, and the manufacturing process is simple.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a specific embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the point-supported elastic tiltable tile in this embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view of B-B in Fig. 2 .

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the supporting ring in this embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a support ring for installing 10 point-supported elastic tilting tiles in this embodiment.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a thrust plate with 13 fixed tiles installed in this embodiment.

In the figure: 1, support ring; 1-1, limit groove; 1-2, installation groove; 1-3, countersunk bolt hole; 1-4, through hole; 2, point support elastic tilting tile; 2- 1. Wear-resistant layer A of the tile surface; 2-2, substrate layer A; 2-3, tile seat; 2-4, elastic layer; 2-5, support layer; 2-6, rigid ball head; 2-7, Limiting trunnion; 2-8, arc groove; 3, fixed tile; 3-1, tile wear-resistant layer B; 3-2, substrate layer B; 4, thrust plate; 5, outer retaining ring; 6, inner retaining ring.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

A heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing as shown in Figure 1, Figure 5 and Figure 6, including a support ring 1, several point-supported elastic tilting pads 2, several fixed pads 3 and a thrust plate 4 The support ring 1 and the thrust plate 4 are coaxially arranged, and the support ring 1 is connected to the fixed base (the bottom of the support ring 1 is processed with several countersunk bolt holes 1-3, which are used to connect with the fixed base bolts ), several point support elastic tilting pads 2 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the support ring 1, forming the non-rotating part of the thrust bearing; connected with the rotating shaft by bolts), a number of fixed tiles 3 are evenly distributed on the thrust plate 4 along the circumferential direction, constituting the rotating part of the thrust bearing; The tiles 3 are arranged opposite to each other, and the contact surface of the two constitutes the friction working surface of the thrust bearing, which is used to bear the axial force in the water environment.

As shown in Figures 2 to 3, the point-supported elastic tilting tile 2 is a multi-layer composite structure that is fan-shaped as a whole (it can also be made into a circle or a rectangle), including a wear-resistant layer on the tile surface that is sequentially connected from top to bottom. A2-1, substrate layer A2-2, tile seat 2-3, elastic layer 2-4, support layer 2-5 and rigid ball head 2-6; the tile surface wear-resistant layer A2-1 and fixed tile 3 The surface is facing, and the contact surface is a frictional working surface; specifically, the tile seat 2-3 is provided with a top groove, and the substrate layer A2-2 is connected with the tile surface wear-resistant layer A2-1 as a whole and then installed on the tile seat In the top groove of 2-3; the upper surface of the rigid ball head 2-6 is a plane, the lower surface is a hemispherical surface, the support layer 2-5 is provided with a bottom groove, and the upper part of the rigid ball head 2-6 is fixed on In the bottom groove, the lower part of the rigid ball head 2-6 is installed on the support ring 1. In the present invention, the elastic layer 2-4 and the rigid ball head 2-6 are integrated on a point-supported elastic tilting pad 2, so that the point-supported elastic tilting pad 2 not only has the functions of shock absorption and load sharing, but also Possesses flexible and self-adaptive tilting and swinging capabilities. Preferably, the four corners of the top groove are processed with arc-shaped grooves 2-8, which are used to release the stress generated by the deformation of the tile seat 2-3, and prevent the wear-resistant layer A2-1 of the tile surface from being broken due to excessive local stress.

In the present invention, the tile surface wear-resistant layer A2-1 is made of any material in polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramics and hard alloy, but not limited to the above four materials; the substrate layer A2 -2 Made of hard alloy, stainless steel or copper-based materials. The elastic layer 2-4 can be made of high-damping elastic materials such as synthetic rubber or metal rubber, but not limited to the above two materials; when the elastic layer 2-4 is made of synthetic rubber, it can be bonded or vulcanized with the tile The seat 2-3 is connected to the support layer 2-5; when the elastic layer 2-4 is made of metal rubber, the tile seat 2-3 is connected to the support layer 2-5 by welding. Both the tile seat 2-3 and the supporting layer 2-5 can be made of stainless steel or copper-based metal materials. Rigid ball heads 2-6 are made of high-hardness corrosion-resistant stainless steel and are interchangeable.

Preferably, as shown in Figure 4, the support ring is an annular groove structure, including an inner ring, an outer ring, and an annular support plate connecting the inner and outer rings, and the annular support plate of the support ring 1 is circumferentially spaced with The rigid ball head 2-6 is fitted with the installation groove 1-2, and the lower surface of the rigid ball head 2-6 supporting the elastic tilting pad 2 is a hemispherical surface, which is located in the installation groove 1-2, and the rigid ball head 2 The distance between the top of -6 and the bottom of the supporting layer 2-5 is 1-2 mm larger than the depth of the installation groove 1-2. In this embodiment, the number of mounting grooves 1-2 matches the number of rigid ball heads 2-6.

Preferably, the inner ring and the outer ring are respectively provided with corresponding through holes 1-4 (the axes of the corresponding through holes on the inner and outer rings coincide), which are used to exclude sand, particles, etc. The accumulation of debris affects the flexibility of tile swing; the top of the inner ring and the outer ring are circumferentially spaced with limiting slots 1-1; the inner arc surface and outer arc surface of the tile seat 2-3 are respectively connected to limit The trunnions 2-7, the axes of the two limit trunnions 2-7 coincide, the limit trunnions 2-7 are adapted to the limit groove 1-1; the top of the inner ring of the support ring 1 is provided with an inner retaining ring 6. The top of the outer ring of the support ring 1 is provided with an outer retaining ring 5, and after the limiting trunnion 2-7 is installed in the limiting groove 1-1, the inner and outer retaining rings press the limiting groove 1-1 respectively.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the limiting trunnion 2-7 is smaller than the width of the limiting groove 1-1, and the length of the limiting trunnion 2-7 is slightly smaller than the radial depth of the limiting groove 1-1. After installing all the point-supported elastic tilting tiles 2 on the support ring 1, install the inner retaining ring 5 and the outer retaining ring 6 on the support ring 1 respectively, and press the opening of the limiting groove 1-1 tightly. This structure and matching design can ensure that the point-supported elastic tilting tile 2 swings flexibly on the support ring 1 without falling.

In the present invention, the fixed tile 3 is fixedly installed on the thrust plate 4 by welding or bonding, it does not have the ability of swinging or self-adaptive tilting, and only moves with the thrust plate. The fixed tile 3 is a double-layer composite structure, including a tile surface wear-resistant layer B3-1 and a substrate layer B3-2 arranged in sequence from top to bottom; wherein, the tile surface wear-resistant layer B3-1 and the tile surface wear-resistant layer A2 -1 is opposite to form a friction pair, both of which are made of the same material; the base layer B3-2 is connected and fixed to the thrust plate 4, and the base layer B3-2 is made of the same material as the base layer A2-2.

The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

The thrust disc 4 is directly installed on the rotating shaft and rotates with the rotating shaft; the support ring 1 is directly installed on the fixed base. When working, the thrust plate 4 rotates and transmits the axial force to the tile surface wear-resistant layer A2-1 of the point-supported elastic tilting tile 2 through the tile surface wear-resistant layer B3-1 of the fixed tile 3, and the point-supported elastic tilting tile 2. Then transmit the axial force to the fixed base to complete the transmission of the axial force from the rotating part to the stationary part. The cooling water flows freely through the gaps around the point-supported elastic tilting pad 2 or the fixed pad 3 to lubricate the frictional working surface and take away the frictional heat. When the axis of rotation of the thrust disc 4 is tilted relative to the support ring 1, the thrust bearing may change from two frictional surface contact loads to local point contact loads, resulting in excessive local stress and bearing damage. At this time, point support elastic tilting pads The rigid ball head 2-6 of 2 plays a role to make the supporting elastic tiltable pad 2 adaptively tilt, so as to reduce the local large contact stress. Because in the bearing development process, the heights of the elastic tilting pads 2 supported by each point cannot be completely consistent, which may lead to a large difference in the axial load borne by each pad during work. At this time, the point support elastic tilting The elastic layers 2-4 of the tiles 2 will function and their elastic deformability will make the loading of the individual tiles as uniform as possible. In addition, when there is an impact load on the rotating shaft, the elastic layer 2-4 can absorb part of the vibration energy due to its certain damping, reduce vibration transmission, and play a role of vibration reduction and vibration isolation.

According to tests, the maximum bearing specific pressure of the heavy-duty point-supported elastic tilting pad water-lubricated sliding thrust bearing in the water-lubricated environment exceeds 20 MPa, and the PV value is greater than 100 MPa·m· ^s In fluid lubricated sliding bearings, the PV value is used to represent the working capacity of the bearing (it can also be used to represent the working condition load of the bearing); P is the pressure (Mpa) on the working surface of the bearing, and V is the average sliding speed of the friction surface ( m/s); the unit of PV value is Mpa m/s; the higher the allowable PV value of the bearing, the stronger its working capacity), the service life calculated according to the amount of wear is more than 30,000 hours, and the bearing capacity and life are average Far beyond the existing water-lubricated sliding thrust bearings.

Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art can still understand the foregoing The technical solutions recorded in each embodiment are modified, or some of the technical features are equivalently replaced, but within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., shall be included in the present invention within the scope of protection.

Claims (4)

1. The sliding thrust bearing of the heavy load point support elastic tilting pad Shui Runhua is characterized by comprising a support ring, a plurality of point support elastic tilting pads, a plurality of fixed pads and a thrust disc; the support ring and the thrust disc are coaxially arranged, the support ring is connected with the fixed base, and a plurality of countersunk bolt holes are formed in the bottom of the support ring 1 and are used for being connected with the fixed base through bolts; a plurality of point support elastic tilting pads are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the support ring to form a non-rotating part of the thrust bearing; the thrust disc is connected with the rotating shaft, and a plurality of bolt holes are uniformly distributed on the peripheral surface of the thrust disc and are used for being connected with the rotating shaft through bolts; the fixed tiles are uniformly distributed on the thrust disc along the circumferential direction to form a rotating part of the thrust bearing; the point support elastic tilting pad arranged on the support ring is arranged opposite to the fixed pad arranged on the thrust disc, and the contact surface of the point support elastic tilting pad and the fixed pad forms a friction working surface of the thrust bearing and is used for bearing axial force under water environment; the point-supported elastic tilting pad comprises a pad wear-resistant layer A, a substrate layer A, a pad seat, an elastic layer, a supporting layer and a rigid ball head which are sequentially connected from top to bottom; the tile surface wear-resistant layer A is opposite to the surface of the fixed tile, and the contact surface is a friction working surface; the upper part of the rigid ball head is fixed on the supporting layer, and the lower part of the rigid ball head is arranged on the supporting ring; the tile surface wear-resistant layer A is made of any one of polycrystalline diamond, cubic boron nitride, ceramic and hard alloy; the tile seat is provided with a top groove, the substrate layer A and the tile surface wear-resistant layer A are connected into a whole and then are arranged in the top groove of the tile seat, and arc-shaped grooves are processed at four corners of the top groove and are used for releasing stress generated by deformation of the tile seat and preventing the tile surface wear-resistant layer A from being broken due to overlarge local stress; the support layer is provided with a bottom groove, the upper surface of the rigid ball head is a plane, and the upper part of the rigid ball head is fixed in the bottom groove;

the support ring is of an annular groove structure and comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and an annular support plate connected with the inner ring and the outer ring, and mounting grooves matched with the rigid ball heads are circumferentially arranged on the annular support plate of the support ring at intervals; the lower surface of the rigid ball head is a hemispherical surface and is arranged in the mounting groove, the distance between the top of the rigid ball head and the bottom of the supporting layer is 1-2 mm greater than the depth of the mounting groove, and the number of the mounting grooves is matched with that of the rigid ball heads; limiting grooves are formed in the tops of the inner ring and the outer ring at intervals in the circumferential direction; the inner cambered surface and the outer cambered surface of the tile seat are respectively connected with a limiting trunnion which is matched with the limiting groove; the diameter of the limiting trunnion is smaller than the width of the limiting groove, and the length of the limiting trunnion is slightly smaller than the radial depth of the limiting groove; an inner check ring is arranged at the top of the inner ring of the supporting ring, an outer check ring is arranged at the top of the outer ring of the supporting ring, and after the limiting trunnion is arranged in the limiting groove, the inner check ring and the outer check ring respectively compress the limiting groove; the fixed tile is fixedly arranged on the thrust disc in a welding or bonding mode, does not have the capability of swinging or self-adapting inclination, and only moves along with the thrust disc, and is of a double-layer composite structure and comprises a tile surface wear-resistant layer B and a substrate layer B which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; wherein, the tile surface wear-resistant layer B and the tile surface wear-resistant layer A are opposite to form a friction pair, and the two are made of the same material; the substrate layer B is fixedly connected with the thrust disc, and the manufacturing materials of the substrate layer B and the substrate layer A are the same; the thrust disc is directly arranged on the rotating shaft and rotates along with the rotating shaft; the support ring is directly arranged on the fixed base; the thrust disc rotates and transmits axial force to the tile surface wear-resistant layer A of the point support elastic tilting pad through the tile surface wear-resistant layer B of the fixed pad, and the point support elastic tilting pad transmits the axial force to the fixed base to complete the transmission of the axial force from the rotating piece to the static piece; the cooling water freely flows through gaps around the point support elastic tilting pad or the fixed pad to lubricate the friction working surface.

2. The water lubricated sliding thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein the substrate layer a is made of cemented carbide, stainless steel or copper-based material; the elastic layer is made of synthetic rubber or metal rubber materials; the tile seat and the supporting layer can be made of stainless steel or copper-based metal materials.

3. The water lubricated sliding thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein when the elastic layer is made of synthetic rubber, the elastic layer is connected to the shoe and the supporting layer by means of adhesion or vulcanization; when the elastic layer is made of metal rubber, the elastic layer is connected with the support layer through the welding mode tile seat.

4. The water lubricated sliding thrust bearing according to claim 1, wherein through holes corresponding in position are formed in the inner ring and the outer ring, respectively.

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