CN113482870B - Carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with double-gate structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon nano tube gas field ionization thruster with a double-grid structure, and belongs to the technical field of space propulsion. The invention mainly comprises a gas diffusion chamber, an ionization chamber and a secondary acceleration chamber. The gas diffusion chamber comprises a ventilation base, a first isolation layer, an emitting electrode base, a carbon nano tube emitting electrode and an emitting electrode cold-pressing wiring terminal. The gas enters the gas diffusion chamber through the ventilation base to be diffused; the gas working medium enters the ionization chamber through the vent hole on the carbon nano tube emitter, and the gas ionization and one-time acceleration are realized in the ionization chamber by electrifying the emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal and the extraction grid cold-pressing wiring terminal. The ionized gas ions enter the secondary acceleration chamber through the air holes of the extraction grid, the cold-pressing wiring terminal of the extraction grid and the cold-pressing wiring terminal of the acceleration grid are electrified, the ions after secondary acceleration are sprayed out through the air holes of the acceleration grid, and the control of the particle speed is met by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid and the acceleration grid of the secondary acceleration chamber.

Description

A carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with double grid structure

technical field

The invention relates to a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure, which belongs to the technical field of space propulsion.

Background technique

Micro-thrust based on carbon nanotube field ionization is a new concept of micro-electric thruster, which is mainly used for fine attitude and orbit control and position maintenance of space micro-nano satellites. The thruster utilizes the high aspect ratio and array structure of carbon nanotubes on the emitter to generate high field strength to achieve ionization of the gas working medium, and accelerates the ejection under the action of the electric field to generate thrust.

As mentioned in the invention patent CN113027717A, a micro thruster based on carbon nanotube microporous array electrodes uses cold-pressed terminals and terminals for electrical connection. The size of the conductive ring terminals is too long and the structure is unstable, and this This connection method has caused a certain degree of damage to the structural balance of the thruster.

The structure and layout of the existing technical solutions all use a single-gate structure. This structure can realize the ionization and acceleration of the working fluid at the same time, but the speed of the extracted ions can only be changed by the potential difference between the gate and the emitter, and the adjustable range smaller.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster structure with a double grid structure, which can realize the ionization, acceleration and extraction of the gas working medium to form a thrust, which can be changed by changing the potential difference between the double grids in the acceleration chamber. Satisfy the control of particle speed; the carbon nanotube emitter, extraction grid and acceleration grid are fixed by positioning grooves, the structure is simple and reliable, and short-circuit failure can be avoided; The use of separate binding posts can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster.

The purpose of this invention is to realize through following technical scheme:

The invention discloses a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure, which is mainly composed of a gas diffusion chamber, an ionization chamber and a secondary acceleration chamber. The gas diffusion chamber is mainly composed of a ventilation base, a first isolation layer, an emitter base, a carbon nanotube emitter, and an emitter cold-pressed terminal. The ionization chamber is mainly composed of a carbon nanotube emitter, a spacing adjustment sheet, an extraction grid, an extraction grid fixing plate, and an extraction grid cold-pressed terminal. The secondary acceleration chamber is mainly composed of an extraction grid, an extraction grid fixing plate, a second isolation layer, an acceleration grid, an acceleration grid fixing plate, and an acceleration grid cold-pressed terminal. The carbon nanotube emitter is shared by the gas diffusion chamber and the ionization chamber. The extraction grid and the extraction grid fixing plate are shared by the ionization chamber and the secondary acceleration chamber.

The base of the emitter is made of metal material, and the end in contact with the emitter is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the emitter. The first isolation layer is made of insulating material for blocking conduction between the vent base and the emitter base. The carbon nanotube emitter is used to generate gas ionization, and the substrate is provided with ventilation holes. The spacer is made of insulating material and provides space between the carbon nanotube emitter and the extraction grid. The extraction grid fixing plate is made of metal material, and one end in contact with the extraction grid is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the extraction grid. The second isolation layer is made of insulating material and is used for blocking the conduction of the extraction grid fixing plate and the accelerating grid fixing plate. The accelerating grid fixing plate is made of metal material, and one end in contact with the accelerating grid is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the accelerating grid.

Install the vent base, the first isolation layer, and the emitter base in sequence, place the bolt in the limit hole, and place the carbon nanotube emitter in the positioning groove on the emitter base. The emitter cold-pressed terminal is fixed on the bolt inside the thruster through a nut, without using a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster. The emitter cold-pressed terminal is connected with the emitter base to provide voltage for the emitter. The ventilation base, the first isolation layer and the emitter base form a gas diffusion chamber.

Place the extraction grid in the positioning groove in the extraction grid fixing plate, install the spacing adjustment sheet and the extraction grid fixing plate in sequence; fix the extraction grid cold-pressed terminal on the extraction grid fixing plate through nuts, and fix it. On the bolts inside the thruster, there is no need to use a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster. The extraction grid cold-pressed terminal is connected with the extraction grid fixing plate to provide voltage for the extraction grid. The carbon nanotube emitter, the spacing adjustment sheet, the extraction grid, and the extraction grid fixing plate form an ionization chamber. Ionization and one acceleration.

Place the acceleration grid in the positioning groove in the acceleration grid fixing plate, install the second isolation layer and the acceleration grid fixing plate in sequence; fix the acceleration grid cold pressing terminal on the acceleration grid fixing plate by nuts, It is fixed on the bolt inside the thruster without using a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster. The acceleration grid cold-pressed terminal is connected with the acceleration grid fixing plate to provide voltage for the acceleration grid. The extraction grid, the extraction grid fixing plate, the second isolation layer, the acceleration grid, and the acceleration grid fixing plate form a secondary acceleration chamber, and the extraction grid cold-pressed terminals and the acceleration grid cold-pressed terminals are added to the secondary acceleration chamber. Electricity realizes the secondary acceleration of ions, forms thrust by extracting ions, and satisfies the control of particle speed by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid and the acceleration grid in the secondary acceleration chamber.

The carbon nanotube emitter, the extraction grid and the acceleration grid are fixed by the positioning groove, the structure is simple and reliable, and short-circuit failure can be avoided.

The working method of a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure disclosed by the invention is as follows: the gas enters the gas diffusion chamber through the vent base to complete the diffusion; the gas working medium enters the ionization through the vent hole on the carbon nanotube emitter The ionization and primary acceleration of the gas is realized in the ionization chamber by energizing the cold-pressed terminal of the emitter and the cold-pressed terminal of the extraction grid. The ionized gas ions enter the secondary acceleration chamber through the air holes of the extraction grid, and the secondary acceleration of the ions is realized by energizing the cold-pressed terminals of the extraction grid and the cold-pressed terminals of the acceleration grid. Thrust is generated by ejecting from the pores of the acceleration grid, and the control of particle velocity is satisfied by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid and the acceleration grid in the secondary acceleration chamber.

Beneficial effects:

1. A carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster structure with a double grid structure disclosed in the present invention, the extraction grid, the extraction grid fixing plate, the second isolation layer, the acceleration grid, and the acceleration grid fixing plate form a secondary structure. The acceleration chamber realizes the secondary acceleration of ions by electrifying the cold-pressed terminals of the extraction grid and the cold-pressed terminals of the acceleration grid, and generates thrust by extracting ions, and by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid and the acceleration grid in the secondary acceleration chamber way to satisfy the control of particle velocity.

2. The carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster structure with double grid structure disclosed in the present invention, the carbon nanotube emitter, extraction grid and acceleration grid are fixed by positioning grooves, the structure is simple and reliable, and short circuit can be avoided Fault.

3. A carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster structure with a double grid structure disclosed in the present invention, the emitter cold-pressed terminal is fixed on the bolt inside the thruster through the nut; the extraction grid is cold-pressed by the nut The terminal is fixed on the extraction grid fixing plate and on the bolt inside the thruster; the acceleration grid cold-pressed terminal is fixed on the acceleration grid fixing plate through the nut, and is fixed on the bolt inside the thruster; through the above structure It is ensured that the cold-pressed terminal of the emitter, the cold-pressed terminal of the extraction grid, and the cold-pressed terminal of the accelerating grid are arranged inside the thruster, without using a separate terminal, so that the influence of the electrical connection on the structure of the thruster is as small as possible. , and can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure

Figure 2 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure

Among them: 1-ventilation base, 2-first isolation layer, 3-emitter base, 4-carbon nanotube emitter, 5-spacing adjustment sheet, 6-extraction grid, 7-extraction grid fixing plate, 8- The second isolation layer, 9-acceleration grid, 10-acceleration grid fixing plate.

Detailed ways

In order to better illustrate the purpose and advantages of the present invention, the content of the invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure disclosed in this embodiment is mainly composed of a gas diffusion chamber, an ionization chamber, and a secondary acceleration chamber; the gas diffusion chamber is mainly composed of three parts. It consists of a vent base 1, a first isolation layer 2, an emitter base 3, a carbon nanotube emitter 4, and an emitter cold-pressed terminal; the ionization chamber is mainly composed of a carbon nanotube emitter 4, a spacing adjustment sheet 5, and an extraction grid 6. The extraction grid fixing plate 7 and the extraction grid cold pressing terminal are composed of; the secondary acceleration chamber is mainly composed of the extraction grid 6, the extraction grid fixing plate 7, the second isolation layer 8, the acceleration grid 9, the acceleration grid The fixed plate 10 and the acceleration grid are composed of cold-pressed terminals; the carbon nanotube emitter 4 is shared by the gas diffusion chamber and the ionization chamber; the extraction grid 6 and the extraction grid fixed plate 7 are the ionization chamber and the secondary acceleration room sharing;

The emitter base 3 is made of metal material, and the end in contact with the emitter is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the emitter; the first isolation layer 2 is made of an insulating material for blocking the conduction between the vent base 1 and the emitter base 3. The carbon nanotube emitter 4 is used to generate gas ionization, and the base is provided with ventilation holes; the spacing adjustment sheet 5 is made of insulating material, providing a distance of 600 μm between the carbon nanotube emitter 4 and the extraction grid 6; the extraction grid The pole fixing plate 7 is made of metal material, and the end in contact with the extraction grid 6 is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the extraction grid 6; the second isolation layer 8 is made of insulating material and is used to block the extraction grid fixing plate 7 and the accelerating grid fixing plate 10 are connected; the accelerating grid fixing plate 10 is made of metal material, and the end that is in contact with the accelerating grid 9 is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the accelerating grid 9;

Install the ventilation base 1, the first isolation layer 2, and the emitter base 3 in turn, place the bolt in the limit hole, and place the carbon nanotube emitter 4 in the positioning groove on the emitter base 3; The emitter cold-pressed terminals are respectively fixed on the symmetrical bolts inside the thruster, without using a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster; The electrode provides voltage; the ventilation base 1, the first isolation layer 2, and the emitter base 3 form a gas diffusion chamber;

The extraction grid 6 is placed in the positioning groove in the extraction grid fixing plate 7, and the spacing adjustment sheet 5 and the extraction grid fixing plate 7 are installed in sequence; On the plate 7, it is fixed on the bolt inside the thruster, without using a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster; 6. Provide voltage; the carbon nanotube emitter 4, the spacing adjustment sheet 5, the extraction grid 6, and the extraction grid fixing plate 7 form an ionization chamber. Electricity, realizes the ionization and primary acceleration of the gas in the ionization chamber;

Place the acceleration grid 9 in the positioning groove in the acceleration grid fixing plate 10, install the second isolation layer 8 and the acceleration grid fixing plate 10 in sequence; fix the acceleration grid cold pressing terminals on the acceleration grid by nuts On the fixing plate 10, it is fixed on the bolts inside the thruster, without using a separate terminal, which can further ensure the structural balance of the thruster; The pole 9 provides voltage; the extraction grid 6, the extraction grid fixing plate 7, the second isolation layer 8, the acceleration grid 9, and the acceleration grid fixing plate 10 form a secondary acceleration chamber, and the extraction grid is cold-pressed by wiring. The terminal and the acceleration grid cold-pressed terminal are energized to realize the secondary acceleration of the ions, and the thrust is formed by extracting the ions, and the control of the particle speed is satisfied by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid 6 and the acceleration grid 9 in the secondary acceleration chamber.

The carbon nanotube emitter 4, the extraction grid 6 and the acceleration grid 9 are fixed by the positioning groove, the structure is simple and reliable, and short-circuit failure can be avoided.

The working method of a carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double grid structure disclosed in this embodiment is as follows: the gas enters the gas diffusion chamber through the ventilation base 1 to complete the diffusion; The air hole enters the ionization chamber, and by applying +1000V voltage to the cold-pressed terminal of the emitter and +50V to the cold-pressed terminal of the extraction grid, the gas ionization and primary acceleration are realized in the ionization chamber; the ionized gas ions pass through the extraction grid The air hole of the pole 6 enters the secondary acceleration chamber, and the secondary acceleration of the ions is realized by further applying -100V voltage to the cold pressing terminal of the acceleration grid. The ions after the secondary acceleration are ejected through the air hole of the acceleration grid 9 to generate thrust , by changing the method of the potential difference between the extraction grid 6 and the acceleration grid 9 in the secondary acceleration chamber, such as changing the voltage applied to the cold pressing terminal of the acceleration grid to -200V to meet the control of particle velocity.

The above specific description further describes the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the protection of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster with a double-gate structure is characterized in that: mainly comprises three parts of a gas diffusion chamber, an ionization chamber and a secondary acceleration chamber; the gas diffusion chamber mainly comprises a ventilation base (1), a first isolation layer (2), an emitter base (3), a carbon nano tube emitter (4) and an emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal; the ionization chamber mainly comprises carbon nanotube emitters (4), spacing adjusting sheets (5), extraction grids (6), extraction grid fixing plates (7) and extraction grid cold-pressing wiring terminals; the secondary acceleration chamber mainly comprises an extraction grid (6), an extraction grid fixing plate (7), a second isolation layer (8), an acceleration grid (9), an acceleration grid fixing plate (10) and an acceleration grid cold-pressing wiring terminal; the carbon nano tube emitter (4) is shared by the gas diffusion chamber and the ionization chamber; the extraction grid (6) and the extraction grid fixing plate (7) are shared by the ionization chamber and the secondary acceleration chamber;

the emitter base (3) is made of metal materials, and one end, which is in contact with the emitter, is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the emitter; the first isolation layer (2) is made of an insulating material for blocking the conduction of the ventilation base (1) and the emitting electrode base (3); the carbon nanotube emitter (4) is used for generating gas ionization, and the substrate is provided with a vent hole; the spacing adjusting sheet (5) is made of insulating materials and provides spacing between the carbon nanotube emitter (4) and the extraction grid (6); the extraction grid fixing plate (7) is made of a metal material, and one end, which is in contact with the extraction grid (6), is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the extraction grid (6); the second isolation layer (8) is made of an insulating material and used for blocking the conduction of the extraction grid fixing plate (7) and the acceleration grid fixing plate (10); the accelerating grid fixing plate (10) is made of a metal material, and one end, which is in contact with the accelerating grid (9), is provided with a positioning groove for fixing the accelerating grid (9);

sequentially installing a ventilation base (1), a first isolation layer (2) and an emitting electrode base (3), placing a bolt in the limiting hole, and placing a carbon nano tube emitting electrode (4) in a positioning groove on the emitting electrode base (3); the emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal is fixed on a bolt in the thruster through a nut, and an independent wiring terminal is not needed, so that the structural balance of the thruster can be further ensured; the emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal is connected with the emitter base (3) and provides voltage for the emitter; the ventilation base (1), the first isolation layer (2) and the emitter base (3) form a gas diffusion chamber;

placing the extraction grid (6) in a positioning groove in an extraction grid fixing plate (7), and sequentially installing a spacing adjusting sheet (5) and the extraction grid fixing plate (7); the cold-pressed wiring terminal of the extraction grid is fixed on the extraction grid fixing plate (7) through a nut and is fixed on a bolt in the thruster, so that a separate wiring terminal is not needed, and the structural balance of the thruster can be further ensured; the extraction grid cold-pressed wiring terminal is connected with the extraction grid fixing plate (7) and provides voltage for the extraction grid (6); the carbon nanotube emitter (4), the spacing adjusting sheet (5), the extraction grid electrode (6) and the extraction grid electrode fixing plate (7) form an ionization chamber, and ionization and primary acceleration of gas are realized in the ionization chamber by electrifying the emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal and the extraction grid electrode cold-pressing wiring terminal;

placing the accelerating grid (9) in a positioning groove in the accelerating grid fixing plate (10), and sequentially installing a second isolation layer (8) and the accelerating grid fixing plate (10); the cold-pressed wiring terminal of the acceleration grid is fixed on the acceleration grid fixing plate (10) through the nut and is fixed on the bolt in the thruster, so that a separate wiring terminal is not needed, and the structural balance of the thruster can be further ensured; the accelerated grid cold-pressed wiring terminal is connected with the accelerated grid fixing plate (10) and provides voltage for the accelerated grid (9); the extraction grid (6), the extraction grid fixing plate (7), the second isolation layer (8), the acceleration grid (9) and the acceleration grid fixing plate (10) form a secondary acceleration chamber, the extraction grid cold-pressing wiring terminal and the acceleration grid cold-pressing wiring terminal are electrified to realize secondary acceleration of ions, thrust is formed by leading out the ions, and the control of particle speed is met by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid (6) and the acceleration grid (9) in the secondary acceleration chamber.

2. The carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster of claim 1, further comprising: the carbon nanotube emitter (4), the extraction grid (6) and the acceleration grid (9) are fixed through the positioning grooves, the structure is simple and reliable, and short-circuit faults can be avoided.

3. The carbon nanotube gas field ionization thruster of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: the working method is that the gas enters the gas diffusion chamber through the ventilation base (1) to complete diffusion; gas working media enter the ionization chamber through a vent hole on the carbon nanotube emitter (4), and ionization and one-time acceleration of gas are realized in the ionization chamber by electrifying the emitter cold-pressing wiring terminal and the extraction grid cold-pressing wiring terminal; the ionized gas ions enter the secondary acceleration chamber through the air holes of the extraction grid (6), the cold-pressing wiring terminal of the extraction grid and the cold-pressing wiring terminal of the acceleration grid are electrified to realize secondary acceleration of the ions, the ions after secondary acceleration are sprayed out through the air holes of the acceleration grid (9) to generate thrust, and the control of the particle speed is met by changing the potential difference between the extraction grid (6) and the acceleration grid (9) of the secondary acceleration chamber.

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