CN113476455A - 甲酰胺衍生物cp068在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了甲酰胺衍生物CP068在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。本发明从分子、细胞均证实,甲酰胺衍生物CP068能直接激活肿瘤细胞表面MHC‑I类分子相关蛋白A(MICA)表达,增加自身免疫细胞(NK细胞)对肿瘤耐药细胞株的杀伤能力,抑制肿瘤细胞生长。本发明实验证据均表明甲酰胺衍生物CP068具有巨大抗肿瘤的潜力,具有良好的开发前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,具体涉及甲酰胺衍生物CP068在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
背景技术
乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,近年来发病率不断上升,发病年龄日趋年轻化,严重威胁着女性的健康,也是世界妇女癌症相关死亡排位第二的疾病。乳腺癌是由于起源于乳腺上皮细胞的恶性肿瘤细胞侵入并破坏乳腺正常组织而形成的病变肿瘤。尽管在预防和治疗方面已经有了很大进步,但根据美国2019年数据统计,近几十年来,发生有超过27万的侵入性新病例乳腺癌以及4.2万乳腺癌死亡病例。根据全球癌症监测机构的估计到2050年,全世界女性乳腺癌患者将达到320万。乳腺癌是世界上最常见的癌症,也是导致妇女癌症死亡的最常见原因。乳腺癌是一种复杂、异质性的疾病,根据组织学特征可分为激素受体阳性、人表皮生长因子受体-2过表达(HER2+)和三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。内分泌治疗是激素反应性乳腺癌的主要治疗手段,包括使用选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERMs)、选择性雌激素受体下调调节剂(SERDs)和芳香化酶抑制剂(AIs)。内分泌治疗是对雌激素受体阳性(ER+)乳腺癌的关键治疗,是经过临床验证的。然而,在肿瘤中出现自适应机制,导致对内分泌治疗的抗性,这就需要更好地理解抵抗机制来克服这个问题,并开发新的精确治疗策略。
乳腺癌的发生与Ⅰ类磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/雷帕霉素靶体蛋白(mTOR)通路的异常激活及其相关基因突变有关,且在乳腺癌各个亚型中该通路的变化不同。由磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3Ks)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(Akt,也称为PKB)和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)组成的PI3K-Akt-mTOR通路作为细胞内非常重要的信号转导途径,在细胞的生长、存活、增殖、凋亡、血管生成、自噬等过程中发挥着极其重要的生物学功能,该通路的紊乱会引起一系列的疾病,包括癌症、神经病变、自身免疫性疾病和血液淋巴系统疾病。该通路过度表达和活化是肿瘤发生的经典通路。由于磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)信号通路由于在细胞生长、增殖、迁移和凋亡解除中的作用,一直是乳腺癌研究热点。也有研究发现,PI3K抑制剂在体内诱导的抗肿瘤作用并不一定是癌细胞内在机制的结果,因为这些药物也被证明会影响肿瘤微环境,在胚胎发育和肿瘤发生过程中,血管生成都高度依赖于PI3K信号传导。特异性针对P110ɑ的抑制剂已被证明会损害功能血管生成,这也可能导致肿瘤收缩。总体来说,目前经该通路靶向抑制剂治疗已成为研究热点。
研究发现,PI3K依赖性信号通路在肿瘤发生和发展中起关键作用。PI3K根据其编码基因,结构特点和底物特异性可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三种类型。其中Ⅰ型又可分为ⅠA型(PI3Kα、PI3Kβ和PI3Kδ)和ⅠB型(PI3Kγ)。ⅠA型PI3K是异源二聚体酶,包含一个催化亚基p110和一个调节亚基p85。目前研究的激酶抑制剂主要是与催化亚基p110的ATP结合位点作用,通过与ATP竞争性结合其结合位点阻断信号传导。P110催化亚基可具体分为PI3Kα、PI3Kβ、PI3Kγ和PI3Kδ四种亚型。其中用于肿瘤治疗的主要是PI3Kα抑制剂和PI3Kδ。一般来说,激酶的ATP结构域都类似,因此对于PI3K的四种蛋白结构,药物的抑制活性都类似,很难区分。
虽然PIK3CA是癌症中最常见的致癌基因之一,而且一些研究已经证明了它作为PI3K抑制的生物标志物的有效性,但对认为这一途径是一个合适和令人满意癌症治疗的靶点仍然存在怀疑。这可能有很多原因。首先,PIK3CA突变并不一定会转化为预后不良或侵袭性表型,如肺癌中的其他癌基因,如EGFR。其次,PI3K途径与正常细胞稳态的相关性可以限制PI3K抑制剂的治疗。靶向PI3K的可占性少,治疗窗狭也是主要障碍,因为正常细胞也需要PI3k信号以存活,因此,在充分抑制肿瘤细胞中的靶标之前,严重的不利影响常用于靶向。即使在对这种信号级联的增殖和生存而高度相关的肿瘤中,一定剂量的抑制剂毒性也会导致短时间和不完整的靶点参与。第三,对该途径的抑制剂通常会导致分子反馈环的快速和组织依赖性的激活,从而限制了这些药物的长期有效性。然而,这也可以是一个机会来设计基于基本原理的组合策略和新的药物发现方法,以提高PI3K抑制剂的有效性和安全性。
自2004年首次发现实体恶性肿瘤中PI3K途径发生突变以来,有400种PI3K靶向抑制剂进入临床试验,然而它们并没有像其他靶向药物一样,产生令人振奋的治疗效果。仅有三种PI3K抑制剂(阿培利司、艾代拉利司、库潘尼西)和两种mTOR抑制剂(依维莫司、西罗莫司)被FDA批准进入临床。广泛应用的PI3K抑制剂如copanlisib属于pan-PI3K抑制剂,会与四种亚型同时作用,所以需要的药用剂量较高,这样会导致患者不耐受,而且还会容易脱靶。这些缺点的存在使得开发高选择性的PI3K抑制剂迫在眉睫。为什么大多PI3K靶向抑制剂无法进入临床呢?目前普通认为,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号在体内广泛性表达,导致大多化合物治疗窗狭窄,细胞毒性大,阻碍其临床应用。同时,肿瘤本身可以重新激活药物靶点或者药物靶点发生突变,诱导交叉信号通路,导致药物耐药。因此,亟需采用新的策略抑制肿瘤耐药的发生。
癌症免疫治疗主要是增强免疫系统识别、靶向和消除肿瘤细胞的能力。当病原体入侵和细胞发生恶性转化时,机体启动免疫应答和免疫监视,编码人类白细胞抗原(HLA)的基因复合体在免疫应答及免疫监视中发挥关键作用。虽然经典HLA-I类基因(HLA-A、-B、-C位点)在肿瘤的发生过程中起重要作用。但是非经典HLA-I类基因(功能性基因MICA/B及假基因MICC-MICG)在肿瘤免疫应答及监视中的作用也不能忽视。作为非经典HLA-I类基因,MICA基因与经典HLA-I类基因有高度同源性,是自然杀伤细胞受体NKG2D蛋白的配体。生理状态下,MICA蛋白广泛表达于人上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、内皮细胞以及胃肠道上皮、胸腺髓质等细胞和组织中,但细胞表面并不能检测到该蛋白的表达。当在DNA损伤、病毒感染、热休克反应及肿瘤等病理状态下,MICA表达明显上调,在细胞表面高表达。机体通过MICA-NKG2D等固有免疫信号通路,调节自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)、CD8+T细胞杀伤活性,影响个体清除病毒感染细胞、恶变细胞的能力。当肿瘤发生时,在二硫键异构酶和金属蛋白酶协同作用下,肿瘤细胞表面的MICA分子脱落,使NK细胞无法识别肿瘤细胞,产生肿瘤免疫逃逸作用,加速肿瘤进展风险。因此,增加肿瘤细胞表面MICA蛋白表达,使MICA蛋白与自然杀伤细胞NKG2D受体结合,激活NK细胞介导的细胞毒性,提供CD8+T细胞和αβT细胞的共刺激信号,裂解肿瘤细胞,逆转肿瘤免疫逃逸。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供甲酰胺衍生物CP068在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
本发明发现,甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制多种肿瘤细胞增殖,对人宫颈癌Hela细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人乳腺癌紫杉醇耐药细胞、人乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞、人乳腺癌BT20细胞、小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞的IC50值分别是:0.5745±0.072nM、13.22±0.08nM、6.5±0.03nM、5.59±0.17nM、171.6±19.2nM、7.35±1.47nM;并且CP068能抑制人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7迁移和侵袭;促进人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7凋亡,上调人乳腺癌细胞MICA表达。
因此,本发明提供甲酰胺衍生物CP068在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用;
所述的甲酰胺衍生物CP068的结构式如式1所示:
优选,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人乳腺癌的药物。
优选,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人宫颈癌的药物。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种抗肿瘤药物,其含有甲酰胺衍生物CP068作为活性成分;所述的甲酰胺衍生物CP068的结构式如式1所示:
优选,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人乳腺癌的药物。
优选,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人宫颈癌的药物。
优选,所述的抗肿瘤药物还包括医学上可用的辅料。
自然杀伤(NK)细胞是一种先天性淋巴细胞,至少具有两种功能,分别是细胞毒性和分泌细胞因子,这对于细胞内病原体防御和肿瘤免疫监视具有重要的作用。本发明从分子、细胞均证实,甲酰胺衍生物CP068能直接激活肿瘤细胞表面MHC-I类分子相关蛋白A(MICA)表达,增加自身免疫细胞(NK细胞)对肿瘤耐药细胞株的杀伤能力,抑制肿瘤细胞生长。本发明实验证据均表明甲酰胺衍生物CP068具有巨大抗肿瘤的潜力,具有良好的开发前景。
附图说明
图1是甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制乳腺癌细胞迁移;
图2是甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭;
图3是甲酰胺衍生物CP068上调乳腺癌癌细胞株MICA表达(A),抑制PI3K、Akt蛋白磷酸化(B)。
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
1、甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制多种肿瘤细胞株增殖。
将甲酰胺衍生物CP068(购自上海陶素生化科技有限公司,结构式如式1所示)用二甲基亚砜(DMSO,购自Sigma-aldrich公司)配成的100mM的原液,细胞实验使用之前用PBS稀释至所需浓度。
将处于对数生长期的人宫颈癌Hela细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人乳腺癌紫杉醇耐药细胞、人乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞、人乳腺癌BT20细胞、小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞,以1000-2000细胞/孔的密度接种于96孔板中,24小时后更换为含有19个不同浓度(100000nM、50000nM、25000nM、12500nM、6250nM、3125nM、1562.5nM、781.25nM、390.625nM、195.3125nM、97.65625nM、48.828nM、24.414nM、12.207nM、6.1035nM、3.051nM、1.525nM、0.7629nM、0nM)CP068的DMEM完全培养基200μl处理细胞72小时,每个处理3个重复。用CCK-8法(日本同仁化学研究所),检测细胞增殖情况,检测方法参见《医学免疫学实验技术》(苏州大学出版社,出版日期:2011年2月)。以具有完全培养基+CCK-8溶液而没有肿瘤细胞的为空白对照。
CP068抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞、人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人乳腺癌紫杉醇耐药细胞、人乳腺癌阿霉素耐药细胞、人乳腺癌BT20细胞、小鼠乳腺癌4T1细胞增殖,其IC50值是分别是:0.5745±0.072nM(A)、13.22±0.08nM(B)、6.5±0.03nM(C)、5.59±0.17nM(D)、171.6±19.2nM(E)、7.35±1.47nM(F)。
2、甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制乳腺癌细胞迁移
将处于对数生长期的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株(购自中国非典型物收藏中心),细胞达到80-90%进行铺板,分别使用0nM、50nM、100nM、200nM甲酰胺衍生物CP068处理细胞。
具体步骤如下:
细胞悬液制备:
(1)将孔板中人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,提前2-4h更换培养基,更换为无血清DMEM培养基;
(2)将进行过饥饿培养的细胞消化,离心,900g,离心5min;PBS洗涤两遍;
(3)使用无血清DMEM培养基进行重悬细胞,并计数;细胞密度控制在10×105个/mL,以便于后续种板。
细胞种板:
(1)以每个小室10000个细胞种于小室中,小室培养基为含0nM、50nM、100nM、200nM甲酰胺衍生物CP068的无血清DMEM培养基,终体积不得超过300ul,下室放置500ul正常培养基(本次实验为10%FBS DMEM);
(2)将种好细胞的24孔板放于5%CO2 37℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
小室染色与拍照:
(1)将小室置于新的24孔板中,标记;吸去小室培养基,PBS洗1-2次;加入4%的多聚甲醛固定30min;
(2)固定后,弃去固定液,并用PBS洗去残留;
(3)1%结晶紫,染色20min;
无菌水清洗3-4次;镜下拍照。(如有必要可配置30%醋酸溶液进行清洗1-2次)
结果如图1所示,甲酰胺衍生物CP068可以抑制乳腺癌细胞迁移。
3、甲酰胺衍生物CP068抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭
将处于对数生长期的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株(购自中国非典型物收藏中心),细胞达到80-90%进行铺板,分别使用0nM、50nM、100nM、200nM甲酰胺衍生物CP068处理细胞。
具体步骤如下:
细胞悬液制备:
(1)将孔板中人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,提前2-4h更换培养基,更换为无血清DMEM培养基;
(2)将进行过饥饿培养的细胞消化,离心,900g,离心5min;PBS洗涤两遍;
(3)使用无血清DMEM培养基进行重悬细胞,并计数;细胞密度控制在10×105个/mL,以便于后续种板。
细胞种板:
(1)用50mg/LMatrigel 1:8稀释液包被Transwell小室底部膜的上室面,4℃风干。以每个小室10000个细胞种于小室中,小室培养基为含0nM、50nM、100nM、200nM甲酰胺衍生物CP068的无血清DMEM培养基,终体积不得超过300ul,下室放置500ul正常培养基(本次实验为10%FBS DMEM);
(2)将种好细胞的24孔板放于5%CO2 37℃恒温培养箱培养24h;
小室染色与拍照:
(1)将小室置于新的24孔板中,标记;吸去小室培养基,PBS洗1-2次;加入4%的多聚甲醛固定30min;
(2)固定后,弃去固定液,并用PBS洗去残留;
(3)1%结晶紫,染色20min;
无菌水清洗3-4次;镜下拍照。(如有必要可配置30%醋酸溶液进行清洗1-2次)
结果如图2所示,甲酰胺衍生物CP068可以抑制乳腺癌细胞侵袭。
4、甲酰胺衍生物CP068上调MCF-7细胞株MICA的表达
4.1细胞样本的处理:取处于对数生长期的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞(购自中国非典型物收藏中心),甲酰胺衍生物CP068(0nM、25nM、50nM、100nM、200nM、400nM)分别和MCF-7细胞共孵育48小时后,将原培养基移入15mL离心管中待用。用PBS轻轻洗涤2次,每孔加入1mL预热的胰酶,37℃孵育4-5min后,使细胞完全脱落,使用原培养基1mL终止消化,吹打均匀,转移回15mL离心管。装有细胞样品的15mL离心管于1000rpm,离心5min,去除上层培养基,用PBS洗涤细胞沉淀2次(1000rpm,离心5min),样品去除PBS后备用或置于-80℃保存。
4.2RIPA裂解法:整个裂解过程在冰上操作,防止蛋白裂解。将RIPA和PMSF(蛋白酶抑制剂),按100:1的比例配好,充分混匀。按细胞沉淀的量加入适当体积的裂解液,吹打混匀,置于冰中裂解30min,使细胞完全裂解,然后于4℃、16000rcf,离心15min。取上清蛋白至新的离心管中,置于-80℃保存。
4.3蛋白样品的定量(BCA法):采用Novagen公司的BCA法进行蛋白浓度的测定,方法如下:1)以浓度分别为0mg/mL、0.0625mg/mL、0.125mg/mL、0.25mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL的标准蛋白制作标准曲线;2)取2μl蛋白样品加入18μl的生理盐水,每孔样品体积20μl,设置一个复孔;3)以A液:B液=200:1的体积均匀混合,在标准蛋白和待测样品中每孔加入200μl BCA混合液,将96孔板置于37℃培养箱中孵育30min;4)酶标仪检测蛋白浓度5)在540nm波长下检测每孔蛋白的吸光度,以标准蛋白的浓度为x轴,吸光度为y轴制作标准曲线,将样品蛋白的吸光度的平均值计代入标准曲线计算蛋白浓度,计算出的数值乘以10,得出原样品蛋白的浓度。
4.4制胶:根据MICA、GAPDH的分子量,选用12%及8%SDS-PAGE分离胶和5%SDS-PAGE浓缩胶。使用1.5cm的玻璃板,配方如表1:
表1分离胶和浓缩胶的配方
4.5电泳:将配制好的电泳液倒入电泳槽中,用10μl微量移液枪上样,将预冷好的蛋白样品和maker缓慢加入加样孔中。上样后,浓缩胶电压为80V,待溴酚蓝电泳至分离胶时,改为110V,维持电压至溴酚蓝移至分离胶底部时,停止电泳,取出胶板。
4.6转膜:根据彩虹蛋白预染maker指示条带,将目的蛋白对应分子量的胶保留下来,完全浸泡于转膜液中,以防干燥。取将与胶大小一致的醋酸纤维膜PVDF膜放于甲醛中浸泡10s活化,然后放置于转膜液中。由负极到正极放置顺序:海绵垫,滤纸,胶,膜,滤纸,海绵垫,放置过程中保持胶和膜的湿润,用玻璃棒赶出胶与膜之间的气泡。将做好的夹板放入装有转膜液的电泳槽中,加入适当冰袋,4℃250mA恒流条件下转膜60min。
4.7封闭、杂交:1)取出转膜后的PVDF膜,蛋白面朝上并于左上角剪角作为标识,然后PVDF膜用1×TBST洗涤1次;2)用5%脱脂奶粉室温封闭2h,再用1×TBST洗涤1次;3)加入一抗稀释液稀释好的一抗,4℃下摇床孵育过夜;4)次日取出,1×TBST洗涤4次,10min/次;5)加入5%脱脂奶粉稀释好的二抗,室温摇床上孵育1.5h;6)1×TBST洗涤4次,10min/次。
4.8显影(Bio-rad凝胶成像系统成像):用滤纸将PVDF膜表面的TBST溶液吸干,然后将PVDF膜放在保鲜膜上,根据PVDF膜大小配制ECL显色液,A、B液按1:1的比例混合,将混合液滴在PVDF膜表面,使液体覆盖整张膜,避光室温孵育2-3min,操作过程中应避光。放入Bio-rad凝胶成像系统成像,根据显影条带背景情况调整曝光时间,选择满意的图片,同时利用系统软件分析各组条带灰度值,结果进行统计学分析。本实验重复三次以上。
结果发现,用不同浓度的CP068处理MCF-7细胞48小时,如图3所示,随着浓度增加,CP068上调MICA蛋白(A),抑制PI3K和Akt(B)蛋白磷酸化。
Claims (7)
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人乳腺癌的药物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人宫颈癌的药物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人乳腺癌的药物。
6.根据权利要求4所述的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述的抗肿瘤药物是抗人宫颈癌的药物。
7.根据权利要求4所述的抗肿瘤药物,其特征在于,所述的抗肿瘤药物还包括医学上可用的辅料。
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CN108602825A (zh) * | 2016-02-05 | 2018-09-28 | 中央研究院 | 具有抗癌活性的嘌呤化合物 |
CN108635354A (zh) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-10-12 | 吉林大学 | 甲磺酰胺类小分子抑制剂在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用 |
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