CN113475305A

CN113475305A - Cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method

Info

Publication number: CN113475305A
Application number: CN202110676725.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周云飞
Original assignee: Wuhai Yunfei Agricultural Planting And Breeding Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhai Yunfei Agricultural Planting And Breeding Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-06-17
Filing date: 2021-06-17
Publication date: 2021-10-08

Abstract

The present application discloses a method for planting grapes that is resistant to cold and free from burial, including the following steps: selecting good varieties, many varieties of grapes, such as Kyoho, Xiahei, Zuijinxiang, Hongti, Fujiminor, Golden Finger, etc., and when they mature It is early and has strong adaptability, and high-quality varieties can be selected according to the local environmental conditions. The thermal insulation cotton film is composed of PU waterproof and breathable membrane, polyester spun fabric, heat-absorbing film, thermal insulation cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; PU waterproof and breathable membrane has waterproof and breathable properties, and polyester spun fabric has good radiation protection The heat-absorbing film has the ability to absorb heat during the day and dissipate heat at night. The thermal insulation cotton layer can play a role in thermal insulation. Heat, the inner surface is made of silver-gray PE woven cloth, which can effectively reflect the internal heat and keep the temperature to the greatest extent.

Description

Cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a cold-resistant and burying-free grape planting method.

Background

Grapes, a vine of the family vitiidae, which are one of the oldest fruit tree species in the world; grapes are native to western Asia and cultivated all over the world, about 95% of grapes are centrally distributed in northern hemisphere and can be used as raw food, raisins or wine, and wine lees after wine brewing can be used for extracting wine food acid; the root and vine can stop vomit and prevent abortion, the fruit can prevent thrombosis, the grapevine is generally in the shape of a small branch cylinder, has longitudinal ribs, is hairless or sparse and soft, has oval leaves, has dense or sparse panicle, has developed base branches, is spherical or elliptical, and has a flowering phase of 4-5 months and a fruit phase of 8-9 months.

In cold weather, the survival rate of grape planting can descend, and traditional grape planting method is comparatively limited to the ability of resisting low temperature weather, is not convenient for keep warm to the grape seedling, heats up, and some current big-arch shelters are planted costsly and are not convenient for generally use simultaneously. Therefore, the cold-resistant and burying-free grape planting method is provided for solving the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

A cold-resistant burying-free grape planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, selecting excellent varieties, namely a plurality of grape varieties, such as Kyoho, summer black, Zuijinxiang, red grape, Sida, golden finger and the like, which have early maturation stage and strong adaptability, and selecting the excellent varieties according to local environmental conditions;

s2, selecting and soil preparation, namely selecting sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, wherein the sandy loam is good in air permeability and fast in ground temperature rise; before soil preparation, fertilizing the whole soil, then turning soil and preparing the soil deeply by 30-40cm, finely preparing the massive soil, and then preparing the soil into a seedbed with the width of 70-90cm and the height of 40-60 cm;

s3, planting seedlings, namely planting the seedlings at a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, watering, and applying high-quality farmyard manure of 60-70 kg, urea of 0.25-0.35 kg and calcium superphosphate of 0.7-0.9 kg before the seedlings bloom for the first time; the applied base fertilizer is mixed with soil, then the soil is covered, the fertilizer requirement of the grapes is large, and the base fertilizer is applied before leaf falling or sprouting in winter;

s4, pruning saplings, removing branches which are too dense and have poor development, and reserving strong branches, so that large-grain grapes can grow, pinching is carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above inflorescences, and after pinching, 1 leaf pinching is reserved for the rest secondary tips except 3-4 leaves reserved for the secondary tips at the top end for repeated pinching;

s5, film covering and cold resistance are achieved, finally, a U-shaped support is placed at the outer end of the sapling, the U-shaped support is evenly placed at the top of the U-shaped support, a heat preservation cotton film can be covered at the top of the U-shaped support, the bottom of the heat preservation cotton film can be tightly pressed through soil, the heat preservation cotton film has good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking effects, and cold resistance is remarkable.

Further, the interval between the seedbeds in the step S2 is preferably 1.2m, a water chute is formed between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water chute is 6-8 cm.

Further, applying decomposed base fertilizer before colonization in the step S3, covering soil, compacting, and watering enough rooting water, wherein the depth of the covering soil is up to the outside of the root, and the overground part has 3-4 bud eyes.

Further, performing swelling treatment, namely dipping or spraying the fruit ears with 45-50 mg/kg gibberellin solution 15 days after flower withering, and repeating for 1 time every 12-15 days. Or when the fruit grains are large, spraying or dipping the fruit ears once by using 45mg/kg gibberellin solution and increasing 10ml of forchlorfenuron per 1-1.5 kg.

Furthermore, the fertilizer water is controlled, the watering is not needed within 1 week after the flowers are bloomed, after the fruits are stably set, the water can be watered and the fertilizer can be applied to promote the growth of the fruits, the fertility loss can be caused in rainy seasons, the fertilizer amount is applied with less application and more frequent application according to the fertility loss condition of the land and the growth vigor of the grapes.

Furthermore, after heavy rain and heavy rain, the ground surface in the vineyard is hardened, so that the root system of the grape is anoxic, the resistance is reduced, and the grape is easy to be infected with diseases; deep cultivation is needed once before rainy season, and the interval cultivation in rainy days is needed to be grasped in rainy seasons to increase soil permeability.

Furthermore, pinching is generally performed 3-5 days before full bloom and at the latest in the early flowering period, pinching can be performed 8-10 days before flowering for varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as Kyoho, purple rose and the like, and when the leaves do not reach the required number of new tips after the first pinching, the auxiliary tips are grown.

Furthermore, the tendrils are removed, the tendrils not only consume nutrition, but also bring a lot of diseases, the annual seedlings are bound in time after the tendrils are removed, the plants are enabled to grow vertically, the thick bamboo poles of the thumbs are inserted into the ground 15 cm deep from the root of the seedlings, and the young shoots are bound on the thick bamboo poles.

Furthermore, in the step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, and the two ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips through which the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground, so that the U-shaped bracket is easy to mount and dismount.

Further, the heat-insulating cotton film in the step S5 has a six-layer structure, and is sequentially provided with a PU waterproof breathable film, a polyester-spun fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, a polyester non-woven fabric and a PE woven fabric from outside to inside.

According to the embodiment of the application, the grape saplings are covered by the heat-insulating cotton film, and the heat-insulating cotton film is composed of a PU waterproof breathable film, polyester-silk woven fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-insulating cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; the waterproof ventilated membrane of PU has waterproof air permeability, it has good radiation protection ability to wash silk spinning cloth, the heat-absorbing membrane has the heat absorption on daytime, radiating ability at night, the cotton layer of heat preservation can play the heat preservation effect, polyester non-woven fabrics can effectively guarantee the even level and smooth of glued membrane Yi seam, reinforcing heat preservation performance, the cloth can strengthen the heat absorption is woven to PE, the cloth is woven to silver grey PE for use on the inner surface layer, can reflect inside heat effectively, furthest's holding temperature, silver grey has the effect of keeping away the aphid, have prevention and cure aphid efficiency concurrently.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical solutions better understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only partial embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of this application and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that embodiments of the application described herein may be used. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

In this application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "middle", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the present application and its embodiments, and are not used to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.

Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meaning of these terms in this application will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "sleeved" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

The first embodiment is as follows:

Example two:

The application has the advantages that: the method adopts a heat-preservation cotton film to cover the grape saplings, wherein the heat-preservation cotton film is composed of a PU waterproof breathable film, polyester-silk fabric, a heat absorption film, a heat-preservation cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric; the waterproof ventilated membrane of PU has waterproof air permeability, it has good radiation protection ability to wash silk spinning cloth, the heat-absorbing membrane has the heat absorption on daytime, radiating ability at night, the cotton layer of heat preservation can play the heat preservation effect, polyester non-woven fabrics can effectively guarantee the even level and smooth of glued membrane Yi seam, reinforcing heat preservation performance, the cloth can strengthen the heat absorption is woven to PE, the cloth is woven to silver grey PE for use on the inner surface layer, can reflect inside heat effectively, furthest's holding temperature, silver grey has the effect of keeping away the aphid, have prevention and cure aphid efficiency concurrently.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. a cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

S1. Select high-quality varieties, there are many grape varieties, such as Kyoho, Xiahei, Zuijinxiang, Hongti, Fujiminor, Golden Finger, etc. They have early maturity and strong adaptability, and high-quality varieties can be selected according to the local environmental conditions;

S2. Soil selection and soil preparation, choose sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose soil, sandy loam with good air permeability and rapid ground temperature recovery; before soil preparation, it is necessary to fertilize the soil preparation, and then turn the soil preparation, deep plough the soil 30-40cm, put The large pieces of soil are finely adjusted, and then reorganized into a seedbed with a width of 70-90cm and a height of 40-60cm;

S3. Planting seedlings, planting and watering the seedlings with a row spacing of 1.5-1.7m and a plant spacing of 0.7-0.9m, topdressing before the first flowering of the seedlings, applying 60-70 kg of high-quality farmyard manure, 0.25-0.35 kg of urea, 0.7-0.9 kg of superphosphate; the applied base fertilizer should be mixed with soil, and then covered with soil, grapes need a large amount of fertilizer, and the base fertilizer should be applied before falling leaves or budding in winter;

S4. Pruning of saplings, removing overly dense and stunted branches and leaving strong branches, so that large grapes can grow. Topping should be carried out when 4-8 leaves grow above the inflorescence. After topping, remove the top and auxiliary shoots. 3-4 leaves are repeatedly topped, and the rest of the auxiliary shoots are left with 1 leaf for topping;

S5. Cover the film to resist the cold. Finally, place a U-shaped bracket on the outer end of the sapling, and place the U-shaped bracket evenly on the top of the U-shaped bracket. At this time, the insulation cotton film can be covered on the top of the U-shaped bracket, and the bottom of the insulation cotton film can pass through. The soil is compacted, and the thermal insulation cotton film has the functions of good heat preservation, heat absorption and rainwater blocking, and the cold protection ability is remarkable.

2. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

In the above step S2, the interval between the seedbeds is preferably 1.2m, and a water guide groove is opened between two adjacent seedbeds, and the depth of the water guide groove is 6-8cm.

3. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

In the above-mentioned step S3, before the colonization, decomposed base fertilizer is applied, and after the soil is compacted, enough root-fixing water is poured.

4. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Swelling treatment, that is, 15 days after blooming, with 45-50mg/kg gibberellin solution, dip or spray the ear, and repeat once every 12-15 days. Or when the soybeans are large in size, use 45mg/kg gibberellin solution, every 1-1.5kg to 10ml of Pyramid, spray or dip in the ear, once.

5. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

Control fertilizer and water. Generally, it is not suitable to water within 1 week before flowering and after flowering. After the fruit is settled, it can be watered and fertilized to promote fruit growth. In rainy seasons, it will cause fertility loss. Fertility loss and grape growth, appropriate amount of fertilizer, less application, more frequent application.

6. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

After heavy rain or heavy rain, the surface of the vineyard will be hardened, resulting in hypoxia of the grape root system, reduced resistance, and easy to be susceptible to disease; cultivating deeply before the rainy season, and cultivating in the rainy season, in order to increase soil permeability .

7. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

The topping time is generally 3-5 days before full bloom, and at the latest in the early flowering period. For varieties with serious flower and fruit drop, such as Kyoho, Zirose and other varieties, it can be topped 8-10 days before flowering. For the first time After topping, the leaves do not reach the required number of new shoots, and wait for the auxiliary shoots to grow.

8. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 7, is characterized in that:

In addition to tendrils, tendrils not only consume nutrients, but also bring many diseases. After the tendrils are removed from annual seedlings, they should be tied in time to make the plants grow upright. Use a bamboo stick with the thickness of the thumb to insert 15 cm deep underground at 15 cm from the root of the seedling. New shoots are tied to it.

9. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

In the above step S5, the U-shaped bracket is made of stainless steel, and both ends of the U-shaped bracket are provided with tips, through which the U-shaped bracket can be inserted into the ground, and the U-shaped bracket is easy to install and disassemble.

10. a kind of cold-resistant and burial-free grape planting method according to claim 1, is characterized in that:

The thermal insulation cotton film in the above step S5 adopts a six-layer structure, and it is sequentially set from outside to inside as PU waterproof and breathable film, polyester spun fabric, heat-absorbing film, thermal insulation cotton layer, polyester non-woven fabric and PE woven fabric. .