CN113451786A - Control method for compact feed network and circularly polarized antenna array - Google Patents
Control method for compact feed network and circularly polarized antenna array Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种紧凑型馈电网络与圆极化天线阵列的控制方法，将圆极化天线阵列的天线单元与馈电网络的输出端口馈电连接，使圆极化天线阵列的天线单元的任一瞬间的电场极化方向相同，得到等效等幅同相的圆极化天线阵列。本发明解决了用匹配负载进行端口匹配，造成天线效率下降的问题，同时在此基础上，将馈电网络输出端口相位差问题和圆极化天线单元旋转相结合，进一步缩小了馈电网络的体积，得到更加实用的紧凑型馈电网络，并且实现了等效等幅同相的圆极化天线阵列。
The invention discloses a control method for a compact feeding network and a circularly polarized antenna array. The polarization direction of the electric field at any instant is the same, and an equivalent circularly polarized antenna array of equal amplitude and phase is obtained. The invention solves the problem that the efficiency of the antenna decreases due to the port matching by the matching load. At the same time, on this basis, the problem of the phase difference of the output port of the feeding network and the rotation of the circularly polarized antenna unit are combined to further reduce the size of the feeding network. A more practical and compact feeding network is obtained, and an equivalent circularly polarized antenna array of equal amplitude and in-phase is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a control method of a compact feed network and a circularly polarized antenna array.
Background
As the radio communication technology is continuously developed and evolved, the performance of a single antenna unit on a gain index is increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of the system. Therefore, for high quality radio communication, the use of antenna arrays is an increasingly reasonable choice.
For the case without low side lobe requirements, one-dimensional antenna arrays typically require each antenna element to be fed with equal amplitude and in phase for cost and system simplicity considerations. A one-half-division Wilkinson power divider or a T-shaped power divider is generally adopted as a power dividing unit of a feed network, and the former can obviously improve the isolation degree of an output port. If the antenna element in the array is 2nAnd finally, the ports of the power divider finished by cascading do not have redundancy. However, the number of elements of the antenna array actually used is the folding value of the system link calculation, and the number is often not exactly 2n. In the prior art, the redundant ports are matched by using an impedance matching device, so that the total ports and the corresponding output ports are not influenced. However, the total port efficiency of the antenna is reduced as a result of the implementation, and the efficiency is reduced more obviously as the number of the impedance-matched ports is increased, which is not beneficial to improving the overall performance of the antenna.
In order to solve the problem of efficiency reduction of an antenna feed system caused by impedance matching, a power unequal power divider unit can be adopted, and constant-amplitude output of any number of ports can be realized through multi-stage connection and power distribution. However, this method brings new problems, because of the adoption of the unequal power divider multi-stage connection, the power dividers corresponding to different output ports have different stages, and the phases of the ports are inevitably different. If the phase compensation transmission line is adopted, the occupied space of the board area is increased, and the phase compensation transmission line cannot be used in an application occasion with strict requirements on the occupied area of a feed network; if the capacitance and inductance components are adopted for phase adjustment, new loss is brought.
Therefore, how to research and design a control method of a compact feed network and a circularly polarized antenna array is a problem that needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a control method of a compact feed network and a circularly polarized antenna array, which solves the problem of antenna efficiency reduction caused by port matching by using a matching load, further reduces the volume of the feed network on the basis, obtains a more practical compact feed network and realizes an equivalent constant-amplitude in-phase circularly polarized antenna array.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for controlling a compact feed network and a circularly polarized antenna array is characterized in that antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array are connected with an output port of the feed network in a feed mode, so that electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and the circularly polarized antenna array with equivalent constant amplitude and same phase is obtained.
Further, the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array are in feed connection with the output ports of the power divider of the feed network at any angle, so that the circularly polarized antenna array with any instantaneous electric field polarization direction difference at any angle and phase lead or lag at any angle is obtained; and rotating the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array by any angle to offset the phase difference of the output ports of the power divider of the feed network, which leads or lags by any angle, so that the electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and obtaining the equivalent circularly polarized antenna array.
Further, the circularly polarized antenna array includes a one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array and a two-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array.
Furthermore, the rotation direction of the circularly polarized antenna array is controlled according to the phase lead or lag of the output port of the feed network, and the rotation angle of the circularly polarized antenna array is controlled according to the phase deviation quantity of the output port of the feed network.
Further, the equal-phase output of the output port of the equal-amplitude output feed network is adjusted to obtain the equal-amplitude and in-phase feed network.
Furthermore, the power divider unit in the equal-amplitude and in-phase feed network is rotated and the phase compensation line of the equal-amplitude and in-phase feed network is removed, so that the compact feed network with equal-amplitude output is obtained.
Furthermore, the circularly polarized antenna array is connected with the compact feed network with constant-amplitude output, and the circularly polarized antenna array is rotated around the center of the antenna unit to compensate the inconsistency of the port phases of the compact feed network with constant-amplitude output, so that the circularly polarized antenna array with constant amplitude and same phase is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the control method of the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array, the problem of antenna efficiency reduction caused by port matching by using matched loads is solved by introducing the unequal power divider, and meanwhile, the problem of different phases of the output port of the feed network is combined with the rotation of the circularly polarized antenna unit, so that the volume of the feed network is further reduced, and the more practical compact feed network is obtained.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a corresponding electric field polarization pattern of the same phase of the same cell of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the electric field polarization patterns corresponding to the same cell port with different phases;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the electric field polarization patterns corresponding to different rotation directions and different port phases of the unit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a one-to-five equal-amplitude power divider according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a Wilkinson power divider network;
FIG. 6 is a one-to-five equal amplitude in-phase Wilkinson power divider network according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows a one-to-five equiamplitude in-phase power dividing network corresponding to a one-dimensional circularly polarized array antenna array surface;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a one-to-five equal amplitude compact Wilkinson power divider network according to the present invention;
fig. 9 shows a one-to-five equal-amplitude compact power division network corresponding to a one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array surface according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element.
It will be understood that the terms "length," "width," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like, as used herein, refer to an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings that is solely for the purpose of facilitating the description and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and is therefore not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Example 1: a compact feed network and a method for controlling a circularly polarized antenna array,
and connecting the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array with the output port of the feed network in a feed manner, so that the electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and obtaining the equivalent constant-amplitude in-phase circularly polarized antenna array.
Feeding connection of any angle is carried out on the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array and the output port of the power divider of the feed network, and the circularly polarized antenna array with any angle difference between the electric field polarization directions at any moment of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array and any phase lead or lag angle is obtained; and rotating the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array by any angle to offset the phase difference of the output ports of the power divider of the feed network, which leads or lags by any angle, so that the electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and obtaining the equivalent circularly polarized antenna array. As shown in fig. 1, the antenna elements of the circular polarized antenna array are not limited, and may be microstrip circular polarized patch antennas, cross symmetric array antennas, and the like. The circularly polarized antenna unit adopts a single-feed cut-angle right-hand circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna, the same principle is adopted for left-hand circular polarization, two same circularly polarized antenna units and a feed network are subjected to in-phase feed, and the polarization direction of an electric field at any moment is obtained, which is the condition that the constant-amplitude in-phase feed network is accessed into a circularly polarized antenna array arranged on the same circularly polarized antenna unit.
As shown in fig. 2, taking a phase difference of 90 ° as an example, feeding two identically arranged circularly polarized antenna units and a feeding network with a phase difference of 90 ° to obtain an electric field direction with a 90 ° difference in electric field polarization direction at any instant of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array, and the phase of the antenna unit leading 90 °, the electric field polarization direction of the antenna unit of the circularly polarized antenna array is equivalent to a physical representation of rotating in the reverse direction by 90 ° according to the direction of right-hand circular polarization, i.e., the phase leads 90 °, which is a case that the equal-amplitude different-phase feeding network is connected to the circularly polarized antenna arrays of the identically arranged circularly polarized antenna units. As shown in fig. 3, when the equal-amplitude different-phase feeding network is connected to the one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array arranged in the same unit, any instantaneous polarization direction of the electric field is different, and the use requirement of the antenna unit is not met. In order to solve the problem that the phase of the output ports of the feed network is different and does not meet the requirement that any instant polarization direction of an electric field of a circularly polarized antenna unit is the same, the circularly polarized antenna unit needs to be rotated and adjusted, the first circularly polarized antenna unit feeds according to 0 degree, the circularly polarized antenna unit with the phase advanced by 90 degrees is configured according to anticlockwise rotation by 90 degrees, the phase difference of the advanced 90 degrees is offset in this way, the same electric field polarization direction of any instant of the circularly polarized antenna unit is obtained, and therefore the circularly polarized antenna array with the same amplitude and the same phase is obtained.
The circularly polarized antenna array comprises a one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array and a two-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array.
And controlling the rotation direction of the circularly polarized antenna array according to the phase lead or lag of the output port of the feed network, and controlling the rotation angle of the circularly polarized antenna array according to the phase deviation quantity of the output port of the feed network.
And performing equal-phase output adjustment on the output port of the feed network with equal-amplitude output to obtain the feed network with equal amplitude and same phase.
And rotating the power divider unit in the constant-amplitude and in-phase feed network and removing the phase compensation line of the constant-amplitude and in-phase feed network to obtain the compact feed network with constant-amplitude output.
The circularly polarized antenna array is connected with the compact feed network with constant-amplitude output, and the circularly polarized antenna array rotates around the center of the antenna unit to compensate the phase inconsistency of the ports of the compact feed network with constant-amplitude output, so that the circularly polarized antenna array with constant amplitude and same phase is obtained.
The working principle is as follows: the output ports of the power divider are connected in a multi-stage manner by using the unequal power dividers to generate a plurality of output ports, so that the problem of reduced antenna efficiency caused by port matching by using matching loads is solved, but after the processing, the output signals of the output ports of the feed network have equal amplitudes but different phases, therefore, the output ports of the feed network are combined with the rotation of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array on the basis to obtain a more practical compact feed network, the problem of different phases of the output ports of the feed network is compensated in the antenna by rotating the circularly polarized antenna units, so that the output ports of the feed network output equal-amplitude and in-phase output signals, the circularly polarized antenna unit is connected with the feed network in a feed manner, and the phase difference between the circularly polarized antenna unit and the ports of the feed network is offset by rotating the circularly polarized antenna unit by any angle, the electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and the circularly polarized antenna array with equivalent constant amplitude and same phase is obtained finally.
Example 2: in order to better understand the practical effects brought by the present invention, five circular polarized antenna units are specifically described below as an implementation case.
The implementation form of the antenna unit of the circularly polarized antenna array can be diversified, and a single-feed corner-cut microstrip circularly polarized patch antenna is adopted. The implementation form of the power divider unit of the feed network can also be diversified, and the isolation degree of each output port is improved by adopting a one-to-two Wilkinson power divider.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a one-to-five equal-amplitude power divider. The phase can be output in the same amplitude by the five ports by adjusting the length of the wiring. The main realization principle is multi-stage unequal power division. Performing power distribution on the input signal of the total port according to a power division ratio of 2:3, and performing two-path port distribution on the port with the power division ratio of 2 according to 1: 1; and performing two-stage power division on the port with the power division ratio of 3, wherein the first-stage power division ratio is 1:2, the port with the power division ratio of 1 directly outputs, and the port with the power division ratio of 2 performs two-path output according to the power division ratio of 1: 1. According to the principle, the one-to-five equal-amplitude power divider can be obtained.
Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a wilkinson power divider, which may be implemented in the form of a coaxial line, a microstrip line, a strip line, or the like.
Figure 6 shows a one-to-five equal amplitude in-phase wilkinson power divider network. On the basis of a one-to-five equal-amplitude power divider schematic diagram in fig. 4, a wilkinson power divider is adopted, port equal-phase output adjustment is carried out, and finally five paths of equal-amplitude in-phase output signals are obtained. Fig. 7 shows a one-to-five equal-amplitude in-phase power dividing network corresponding to a one-dimensional circularly polarized array antenna array surface, antenna units adopt single-feed corner-cut circularly polarized microstrip patches, each antenna unit is placed in the same manner, and the one-to-five equal-amplitude in-phase wilkinson power divider network of fig. 6 is connected through a coaxial feeder to realize a one-dimensional circularly polarized array antenna. Although the power divider network shown in fig. 6 and the one-dimensional circularly polarized array antenna array surface shown in fig. 7 can implement one-to-five equal-amplitude and same-phase power distribution, the same-phase output is considered, and the length of the phase compensation transmission line is increased, so that the whole printed board area of the power divider network is large, and the power divider network is not suitable for application occasions requiring a small-area power divider network.
FIG. 8 shows a one-to-five equal amplitude compact Wilkinson power divider network; compared with fig. 6, each stage of connection path of the power divider is shortened as much as possible by the rotation and approach of the power divider, the blank board area is reduced, and the phase compensation transmission line for same phase output is removed, so that a smaller board area arrangement is obtained. However, the corresponding disadvantage is that the phases of the five output ports are not uniform, and the one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array of fig. 7 cannot be used directly on the axis because the port phase difference causes the array antenna side lobe to be lifted and the main lobe beam to be directed away from the normal direction of the array. In practical engineering use, coaxial lines with different lengths are not suitable to be adopted, and a series of problems of processing, assembly, consistency and the like are caused. Therefore, the problem of port phase difference which cannot be handled in the power divider network needs to be placed in the front surface of the circularly polarized antenna array for handling. Fig. 9 shows a one-to-five equal-amplitude compact power division network corresponding to the array plane of the circularly polarized antenna array, which is the biggest difference compared with the array plane of fig. 8, in that the circularly polarized antenna elements are rotated based on their respective centers, so as to compensate the inconsistency of the input phases of the ports.
By the mode, the equivalent constant-amplitude in-phase one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array can be realized under the condition of minimizing the area of the feed network board, and the equivalent constant-amplitude in-phase two-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array can also be realized as the circularly polarized antenna array comprises the one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array and the two-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A control method for a compact feed network and a circularly polarized antenna array is characterized in that antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array are connected with an output port of the feed network in a feed mode, so that electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and the circularly polarized antenna array with equivalent equal amplitude and same phase is obtained.
2. The method for controlling the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array are connected with the output port of the power divider of the feed network by feeding at any angle, so as to obtain the circularly polarized antenna array with any difference in electric field polarization direction at any instant of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array by any angle and with any phase lead or lag; and rotating the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array by any angle to offset the phase difference of the output ports of the power divider of the feed network, which leads or lags by any angle, so that the electric field polarization directions of the antenna units of the circularly polarized antenna array at any moment are the same, and obtaining the equivalent circularly polarized antenna array.
3. The compact feed network and method of controlling a circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the circularly polarized antenna array comprises a one-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array and a two-dimensional circularly polarized antenna array.
4. The method for controlling the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the rotation direction of the circularly polarized antenna array is controlled according to the phase lead or lag of the output port of the feed network, and the rotation angle of the circularly polarized antenna array is controlled according to the phase deviation amount of the output port of the feed network.
5. The method for controlling the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the output port of the power divider adopts an unequal power divider for multi-stage connection and power distribution to obtain the feed network with constant-amplitude output.
6. The method for controlling the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 5, wherein the feed network output port for equal amplitude output is subjected to equal phase output adjustment to obtain a feed network with equal amplitude and same phase.
7. The method for controlling the compact feed network and the circularly polarized antenna array according to claim 6, wherein the compact feed network with the constant-amplitude output is obtained by rotating power divider units in the feed network with the same amplitude and phase and removing phase compensation lines of the feed network with the same amplitude and phase.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the circular polarized antenna array is connected to the compact feed network with constant amplitude output, and the circular polarized antenna array is rotated around the center of the antenna unit to compensate for the phase difference of the ports of the compact feed network with constant amplitude output, thereby obtaining the circular polarized antenna array with constant amplitude and phase.
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