CN113428870A - Polymer bentonite composite impermeable material and pyrogen-free synthesis method thereof - Google Patents
Polymer bentonite composite impermeable material and pyrogen-free synthesis method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚合物膨润土复合防渗材料及其无热源合成方法，属于高分子领域。将离子型单体、含有叔氨基的单体和交联剂溶于水中，再加入膨润土，充分混匀后，再加入引发剂；所述含有叔氨基的单体作为自由基反应促进剂，使引发剂产生自由基，自由基转移到离子型单体和含有叔氨基的单体的碳碳双键上，引发碳碳双键发生加成聚合反应，使得碳碳双键转变成单键，在交联剂的作用下，离子型单体和含有叔氨基的单体无规聚合得到聚合物网络，且该聚合物网络原位插层在膨润土的片层之间。本发明制备的复合材料的亲水性和溶胀性获得了显著提升，克服了原始膨润土在性能上的不足，可以有效阻隔酸、碱和盐溶液。
The invention discloses a polymer bentonite composite anti-seepage material and a heat-free synthesis method thereof, belonging to the field of polymers. Dissolve ionic monomers, monomers containing tertiary amino groups and cross-linking agent in water, then add bentonite, mix well, and then add initiators; the monomers containing tertiary amino groups are used as free radical reaction accelerators to make The initiator generates free radicals, and the free radicals are transferred to the carbon-carbon double bonds of ionic monomers and monomers containing tertiary amino groups, causing the carbon-carbon double bonds to undergo an addition polymerization reaction, so that the carbon-carbon double bonds are converted into single bonds. Under the action of the cross-linking agent, the ionic monomer and the monomer containing a tertiary amino group are randomly polymerized to obtain a polymer network, and the polymer network is intercalated between the sheets of bentonite in situ. The hydrophilicity and swelling property of the composite material prepared by the invention are significantly improved, the deficiencies of the original bentonite in performance are overcome, and the acid, alkali and salt solutions can be effectively blocked.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of macromolecules, and particularly relates to a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material and a non-heat source synthesis method thereof.
Background
The gaps among the bentonite particles are main channels for water conduction, when the bentonite particles absorb water and swell, the gaps among the particles can be blocked, the channels for water transmission become roundabout and tortuous, and the permeability coefficient is obviously reduced. However, in salt, strong acid and strong base solutions, the hydrophilicity of natural bentonite is significantly reduced, the swelling property is reduced, and the barrier property is no longer provided. It is noted that bentonite-based barrier facilities need to be applied in a wide variety of harsh environments. For example, when the bentonite waterproof blanket is applied to vertical separation of industrial solid waste landfill sites, a large amount of acid or alkaline salt solution is generated by industrial waste under the fermentation of microorganisms, and the traditional bentonite waterproof blanket is difficult to effectively separate, so that waste liquid leakage is caused, and the life health of people and the sustainable development of the society are harmed. Therefore, the research on the salt, acid and alkali resistant modified bentonite is urgent.
Polymer hydrogels have been studied for a long time. We note that the ionic polyacrylic acid hydrogel has ultrahigh water absorption rate and better salt resistance, and the non-ionic polyamide hydrogel has lower sensitivity to the pH value of the solution. Synthesizing polymer bentonite nano composite material, endowing the bentonite with the hydrophilicity, salt resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance of the polymer, and obtaining the high-seepage-proofing modified bentonite. Among them, a method of directly blending a polymer with bentonite has received much attention. For example, in CN105199288A, cationic polyacrylamide and bentonite are blended under hydrothermal and stirring conditions, so that intercalation of a polymer on montmorillonite crystals is realized, a high-molecular bentonite nanocomposite is obtained, and the barrier property of bentonite on an organic pollutant aqueous solution is effectively improved. As such a scheme of blending a polymer with bentonite should also include two prerequisite steps of synthesis and purification of the polymer from the viewpoint of overall social cost, it should be noted that the modification scheme of blending polyacrylamide with bentonite does not improve the barrier property of the bentonite sample against strong acid, alkali and salt solutions. It is speculated that the synthetic route for composites is a function of production costs, while the choice of polymer influences the properties of the product.
In conclusion, a simple and fast low-cost scheme for synthesizing salt-resistant and acid-alkali-resistant bentonite barrier materials is still lacking. An in-situ polymerization scheme under the condition of no heat source is provided, so that the modified monomer and the bentonite are subjected to polymerization reaction while being blended, and the salt-resistant, acid-resistant and alkali-resistant polymer bentonite nanocomposite is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of poor barrier property of bentonite to acid, alkali and salt solutions in the prior art, the invention provides a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which realizes the polymerization of monomers and the modification of bentonite through one-step reaction at room temperature to obtain the salt-resistant and acid and alkali-resistant modified bentonite material.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a non-pyrogenic synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite barrier material, comprising the steps of:
(1) dissolving an ionic monomer, a monomer containing tertiary amino and a cross-linking agent in water, adding bentonite, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding an initiator; the ionic monomer contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydrophilic functional group, and the monomer containing the tertiary amino contains a carbon-carbon double bond; the cross-linking agent is a water-soluble molecule containing more than two carbon-carbon double bonds;
(2) the monomer containing tertiary amino is used as a free radical reaction promoter, an initiator generates free radicals, the free radicals are transferred to carbon-carbon double bonds of an ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino to initiate addition polymerization reaction of the carbon-carbon double bonds, the carbon-carbon double bonds are converted into single bonds, the ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino are randomly polymerized to obtain a polymer network under the action of a cross-linking agent, and the polymer network is intercalated between the sheet layers of the bentonite in situ.
Preferably, the monomer containing a tertiary amino group is N, N-diethylacrylamide or ethyl 2- (dimethylamino) methacrylate;
the ionic monomer is acrylic acid, p-carboxystyrene acid or itaconic acid.
Preferably, the crosslinking agent is N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide, divinylbenzene or diacetone acrylamide; the initiator is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate;
the bentonite is at least one of calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite and sodium calcium bentonite.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ionic monomer to the monomer containing the tertiary amino group is 50 (1-150).
Preferably, the mass of the crosslinking agent is (50-500):1 in the ratio of the sum of the masses of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing the tertiary amino group.
Preferably, the mass sum ratio of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino is (1-30) to 100; the mass ratio of the initiator is (0.5-5):100, the sum of the masses of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing the tertiary amino group.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the bentonite to the solvent water is (30-500): 60.
Preferably, a step of adding a lye is further included prior to adding the cross-linking agent to enhance the hydrophilicity of the polymer network.
According to another aspect of the invention, a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material prepared by any one of the methods is provided.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of the polymeric bentonite composite barrier material for barrier materials for acid, alkali or salt solutions;
preferably, the pH value of the acid solution is less than or equal to 3, the pH value of the alkali solution is greater than or equal to 12, and the concentration of the salt solution is greater than or equal to 3 wt%.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
(1) according to the preparation scheme of the polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, the modified monomer and the bentonite are subjected to one-step in-situ polymerization reaction to obtain a product, and the preparation method is simple and rapid.
(2) The preparation scheme of the polymer bentonite composite impermeable material has the advantages of no need of heating by a heat source in the reaction, environmental protection, low energy consumption, low cost and good application prospect.
(3) According to the invention, acrylic acid is preferably selected as an ionic monomer and used as a main body of the reaction, and the acrylic acid salt-tolerant water absorption agent has the characteristics of good salt tolerance, high water absorption rate and high water absorption rate; the selected nonionic monomer contains tertiary amino functional groups, has good hydrophilicity without ionization, and the hydrophilicity is less influenced by the pH value of the solution so as to improve the acid resistance and the alkali resistance of the polymer. Meanwhile, the tertiary amino monomer is an effective free radical reaction promoter, so that the persulfate initiator can be decomposed at normal temperature and initiate polymerization reaction, heating by a heat source is not needed, and the production cost is effectively reduced.
(4) Tests show that the hydrophilicity and the swelling property of the composite material are obviously improved, the defects of the original bentonite in performance are overcome, and acid, alkali and salt solutions can be effectively blocked. The polymer bentonite composite impervious material prepared by the invention shows extremely low permeability coefficient (10) in acid (pH is 3), alkali (pH is 12) and 3 wt% salt solution-12m/s)。
(5) The invention adds alkali liquor to neutralize acrylic acid monomer, not only prevents reaction implosion and ensures experiment safety, but also can increase the hydrophilicity of polymer network and improve the barrier property of the product.
(6) The invention preferably takes the calcium bentonite as a modifying material, and compared with sodium bentonite, the calcium bentonite has rich reserves and low price, but the calcium bentonite has poorer hydrophilicity and great modification difficulty. The successful modification of the calcium bentonite reduces the production cost of the bentonite barrier material.
(7) The invention preferably has the mass ratio of the bentonite to the solvent water of (30-500):60, too little solvent, difficult dispersion of reaction monomers, difficult reaction, excessive solvent, over-dilute monomer concentration, too low molecular weight of products and poor modification effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the process for preparing modified bentonite in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an infrared spectrum of bentonite before and after modification in example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a result of a test of the free-swelling property in water of bentonite before and after modification in example 5 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention relates to a heat source-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving an ionic monomer, a monomer containing tertiary amino and a cross-linking agent in water, adding bentonite, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding an initiator; the ionic monomer contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydrophilic functional group, and the monomer containing the tertiary amino contains a carbon-carbon double bond; the cross-linking agent is a water-soluble molecule containing more than two carbon-carbon double bonds;
(2) the monomer containing tertiary amino is used as a free radical reaction promoter, an initiator generates free radicals, the free radicals are transferred to carbon-carbon double bonds of an ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino to initiate addition polymerization reaction of the carbon-carbon double bonds, the carbon-carbon double bonds are converted into single bonds, the ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino are randomly polymerized to obtain a polymer network under the action of a cross-linking agent, and the polymer network is intercalated between the sheet layers of the bentonite in situ.
In some embodiments, the ionic monomer is acrylic acid, and further comprising the step of adding a base solution to enhance the hydrophilicity of the polymer network prior to adding the cross-linking agent. Adding alkali liquor to make the neutralization degree of acrylic acid between 30% and 90%.
Example 1
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 5.13mL (3g) of acrylic acid and 8.7mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 36.3mL of water, neutralized with an acid or a base, added with 0.04g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 3g N, N-diethylacrylamide, and stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) 60g of calcium bentonite is added, and the solution and the bentonite are mixed evenly by vigorous stirring.
(3) And adding 0.108g of ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 2
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after 7.7mL (8.1g) of acrylic acid and 15.7mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 30mL of water and neutralized with an acid or a base, 0.04g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 0.9g of ethyl 2- (dimethylamino) methacrylate were added thereto and the mixture was stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) 60g of calcium bentonite is added, and the solution and the bentonite are mixed evenly by vigorous stirring.
(3) And adding 0.162g of ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 3
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after 7.7mL (8.1g) of acrylic acid and 15.7mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 30mL of water and neutralized with an acid or a base, 0.04g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 0.9g N, N-diethylacrylamide were added and stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) Adding 60g of Na calcium bentonite, and stirring vigorously to uniformly mix the solution and the bentonite.
(3) And adding 0.162g of ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 4
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after 7.7mL (8.1g) of acrylic acid and 15.7mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 30mL of water and neutralized with an acid or a base, 0.04g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 0.9g N, N-diethylacrylamide were added and stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) Adding 60g of natural sodium bentonite, and stirring vigorously to uniformly mix the solution and the bentonite.
(3) Adding 0.162g of potassium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 5
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) 5.1mL (5.4g) of acrylic acid and 10.47mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 35mL of water, and after neutralization with an acid or a base, 0.03g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 0.6g N, N-diethylacrylamide were added and stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) Adding 60g of natural calcium bentonite, and stirring vigorously to uniformly mix the solution and the bentonite.
(3) And adding 0.108g of ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 6
The invention relates to a pyrogen-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) after 7.7mL (8.1g) of acrylic acid and 15.7mL of 0.2g/mL of sodium hydroxide were added to 30mL of water and neutralized with an acid or a base, 0.04g N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide and 0.9g N, N-diethylacrylamide were added and stirred until completely dissolved.
(2) Adding 60g of natural calcium bentonite, and stirring vigorously to uniformly mix the solution and the bentonite.
(3) And adding 0.162g of ammonium persulfate, and reacting for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain a product. And drying the water in the product to obtain the polymer bentonite nanocomposite.
Example 7
The sample from example 5 was infrared characterized (fig. 1) and compared to the infrared spectrum of the original calcium bentonite. At 2980cm-1An infrared absorption peak of C-H stretching vibration in a methylene (forming a high molecular main chain) functional group appears, and the polymerization reaction of the fed monomer is proved to be carried out at room temperature. In addition, 2930cm-1The peak of C-H stretching vibration of methyl group and 1730cm-1The absorption peaks of the carbonyl stretching vibration are respectively derived from N, N-diethyl acrylamide and sodium acrylate chain segments. Infrared tests show that the monomer undergoes in-situ polymerization reaction at normal temperature, and the molecular structure of the generated polymer conforms to the experimental design.
Example 8
The free expansion coefficient test of the bentonite is carried out by referring to an expansion index experiment in national standard GB/T20973-2007 of the people's republic of China. The test solutions used were pure water, nitric acid solution (pH 3), sodium hydroxide solution (pH 12), sodium chloride solution (600mM) and calcium chloride solution (50mM), respectively.
As shown in FIG. 2, the hydrophilicity of the polymer calcium bentonite composite (example 5) was greatly improved compared to the original calcium bentonite (comparative example), the free expansion coefficient in water was increased from 4.8mL/2g to 60.5mL/2g, and a stable degree of free expansion was maintained over a wide pH range (3 to 12). Thanks to the improved hydrophilicity, the swelling of the modified bentonite in salt solutions is also significantly improved (table 1).
TABLE 1 coefficient of free expansion in acid, base, salt solutions of examples and comparative examples
Example 9
The permeability coefficient test is carried out by using a variable head permeability experiment in JTG E40-2007 in the industrial standard of the people's republic of China. The test solutions were purified water, nitric acid solution (pH 3), sodium hydroxide solution (pH 12), sodium chloride solution (600mM) and calcium chloride solution (50mM), respectively, and testedThe barrier property of the modified bentonite to acid, alkali and salt solutions is compared with that of the original calcium bentonite. The permeability coefficient test results are shown in table 2. It can be seen that the permeability coefficient of the modified bentonite in acid, alkali and salt solutions is far lower than that of the original calcium bentonite. When the high-molecular doping amount reaches 10 wt% (example 5), the permeability coefficient of the modified calcium bentonite in the three solutions reaches 10-12m/s, lower than the national limit of impermeable installations for landfills (10)-9m/s)。
TABLE 2 Barrier Properties of the examples and comparative examples against acid, base, and salt solutions
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A heat source-free synthesis method of a polymer bentonite composite impermeable material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) dissolving an ionic monomer, a monomer containing tertiary amino and a cross-linking agent in water, adding bentonite, fully and uniformly mixing, and then adding an initiator; the ionic monomer contains a carbon-carbon double bond and a hydrophilic functional group, and the monomer containing the tertiary amino contains a carbon-carbon double bond; the cross-linking agent is a water-soluble molecule containing more than two carbon-carbon double bonds;
(2) the monomer containing tertiary amino is used as a free radical reaction promoter, an initiator generates free radicals, the free radicals are transferred to carbon-carbon double bonds of an ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino to initiate addition polymerization reaction of the carbon-carbon double bonds, the carbon-carbon double bonds are converted into single bonds, the ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino are randomly polymerized to obtain a polymer network under the action of a cross-linking agent, and the polymer network is intercalated between the sheet layers of the bentonite in situ.
2. The method for the non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 1, wherein the monomer containing a tertiary amino group is N, N-diethylacrylamide or ethyl 2- (dimethylamino) methacrylate;
the ionic monomer is acrylic acid, p-carboxystyrene acid or itaconic acid.
3. The method for non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crosslinking agent is N, N' -vinylbisacrylamide, divinylbenzene or diacetone acrylamide; the initiator is ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate;
the bentonite is at least one of calcium bentonite, sodium bentonite and sodium calcium bentonite.
4. The method for synthesizing polymer bentonite composite impermeable material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing tertiary amino is 50 (1-150).
5. The method for non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass of the crosslinking agent is (50-500):1, in the ratio of the sum of the masses of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing a tertiary amino group.
6. The method for non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 4, wherein the mass ratio of the ionic monomer to the monomer containing a tertiary amino group is (1-30): 100; the mass ratio of the initiator is (0.5-5):100, the sum of the masses of the ionic monomer and the monomer containing the tertiary amino group.
7. The method for non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of bentonite to solvent water is (30-500): 60.
8. The method for non-pyrogenic synthesis of a polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 1, further comprising the step of adding a base solution to enhance the hydrophilicity of the polymer network prior to adding the crosslinking agent.
9. A polymeric bentonite composite barrier material produced according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Use of the polymeric bentonite composite barrier material according to claim 9 for barrier materials for acid, base or salt solutions;
preferably, the pH value of the acid solution is less than or equal to 3, the pH value of the alkali solution is greater than or equal to 12, and the concentration of the salt solution is greater than or equal to 3 wt%.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE834959A (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-04-28 | NEW ZEOLITES | |
| EP0270314A2 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-06-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Reactive organo-clay compounds and derivatives thereof |
| CN101027347A (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-08-29 | 3M创新有限公司 | Method of making a composition and nanocomposites therefrom |
| CN112551944A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-26 | 蒲诃夫 | Modified bentonite anti-seepage material and preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE834959A (en) * | 1974-10-30 | 1976-04-28 | NEW ZEOLITES | |
| EP0270314A2 (en) * | 1986-12-04 | 1988-06-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Reactive organo-clay compounds and derivatives thereof |
| CN101027347A (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-08-29 | 3M创新有限公司 | Method of making a composition and nanocomposites therefrom |
| CN112551944A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-26 | 蒲诃夫 | Modified bentonite anti-seepage material and preparation method and application thereof |
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