CN113421392A - Forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging - Google Patents
Forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于红外热成像的森林火灾监测与火情预测系统，包括支撑部和固定安装在支撑部上的环境要素测量传感器、全景红外热成像传感部、微型计算机、NB‑IoT窄带物联网通信模块、北斗定位模块、太阳能供电及电源管理电路，全景红外热成像传感部包括二维舵机、红外热成像传感器和两台微型计算机，两台微型计算机相互通信，一台微信计算机与二位舵机和红外热成像传感器连接，另一台微信计算机与NB‑IoT窄带物联网通信模块、北斗定位模块、太阳能供电及电源管理电路分别连接。本发明通过NB‑IoT与服务器端进行通信，服务器端对各站点的数据进行综合分析实现各站点数据查看，火灾报警及火情现状热力图，火情预测热力图，危险区域规划等功能。
The invention discloses a forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging. Narrowband IoT communication module, Beidou positioning module, solar power supply and power management circuit, panoramic infrared thermal imaging sensor unit includes two-dimensional steering gear, infrared thermal imaging sensor and two microcomputers, two microcomputers communicate with each other, one WeChat The computer is connected to the two-position steering gear and the infrared thermal imaging sensor, and the other WeChat computer is connected to the NB‑IoT narrowband IoT communication module, Beidou positioning module, solar power supply and power management circuit respectively. The present invention communicates with the server through NB-IoT, and the server comprehensively analyzes the data of each site to realize the functions of viewing the data of each site, fire alarm and fire status heat map, fire prediction heat map, and dangerous area planning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of monitoring and control, and relates to a forest fire monitoring and fire predicting system based on infrared thermal imaging.
Background
At present, most forest fire monitoring methods have a leak to enable fire accidents to occur frequently, and a monitoring system can overcome various complex environments and complex terrains, can be distributed in vast forest areas, and improves fire monitoring sensitivity and accuracy. The data obtained by the sensor are sent to the cloud end through the narrow-band Internet of things technology, the possibility of fire occurrence and the trend of further diffusion of subsequent fire in case of fire are given in time through analysis and assistant decision of the neural network according to the environment information collected in real time, the fire situation is reported accurately in real time, and the risk of large-scale forest fire occurrence is reduced.
Besides accurate and efficient fire monitoring, the analysis and development prediction of the fire after the fire occurs are also worth attention. The fire extinguishing system also needs to have a strong data processing capability algorithm, can quickly respond to various obtained physical parameters such as wind direction, wind speed, smoke concentration and the like in a short time, pre-judges the trend of further development of fire, provides powerful support for quick fire extinguishing, and can ensure the safety of firemen to the maximum extent. At present, after a forest fire occurs, the internal information of a fire scene cannot be obtained quickly and effectively, the development trend of the fire scene cannot be predicted quickly, and the peripheral meteorological data of the fire scene can only be measured by temporarily setting a meteorological monitoring point. The fire monitoring system disclosed by the patent is used for point-to-point monitoring, can realize 360-degree all-dimensional dead-angle-free monitoring at each detection point, and gives out the fire development condition accurately, quickly and in real time by being assisted with data such as wind speed, wind direction and smoke concentration. This just can let every fire fighter know the scene of a fire condition clearly, furthest guarantee fire fighter's life safety.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging, includes supporting part and the environmental element measuring sensor of fixed mounting on the supporting part, panorama infrared thermal imaging sensing part, microcomputer, NB-IoT narrowband thing networking communication module, big dipper orientation module, solar energy power supply and power management circuit, wherein:
the panoramic infrared thermal imaging sensing part comprises a two-dimensional steering engine, an infrared thermal imaging sensor and two microcomputers, wherein the two microcomputers are communicated with each other, one microcomputer is connected with the two-dimensional steering engine and the infrared thermal imaging sensor, and the other microcomputer is respectively connected with an NB-IoT narrowband Internet of things communication module, a Beidou positioning module and a solar power supply and power supply management circuit;
the environment element measuring instrument comprises a meteorological multi-element louver box, a gas concentration multi-element louver box, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor and a soil temperature and humidity sensor;
the NB-IoT narrowband Internet of things communication module takes the satellite time of the Beidou positioning module as a reference, and the microcomputer controls the data packet to be sent to the cloud.
Preferably, the solar power supply and power management circuit comprises a polycrystalline silicon solar panel, a charging circuit, a power monitoring circuit, a lead-acid storage battery and a power circuit, the polycrystalline silicon solar panel collects energy, the lead-acid storage battery is charged through the charging circuit and the power monitoring circuit, the lead-acid storage battery supplies power to the whole system through the power circuit, the power monitoring circuit is communicated with the microcomputer through I2C, and battery voltage, current and power information is obtained through reading and calculating.
Preferably, the charging circuit is a maximum power point tracking switching power supply circuit.
Preferably, the power monitoring circuit comprises an INA226 chip.
Preferably, the meteorological multi-element louver, the gas concentration multi-element louver, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the soil temperature and humidity sensor are all connected with the level conversion circuit, and the sensing data are transmitted to the microcomputer through the level conversion circuit.
Preferably, the infrared thermal imaging sensor is a FLIR LEPTON2.5 sensor.
Preferably, the supporting part comprises a base, base supporting angle iron, an upright rod, a control box supporting structure, a control box, a solar cell panel supporting structure, a junction box supporting structure, environmental sensor cross arm supporting angle iron, an environmental sensor cross arm and an infrared thermal imaging mounting structure, wherein the base is mounted at the bottom end of the upright rod at 90 degrees through the base supporting angle iron; a solar cell panel supporting structure is arranged on the vertical rod at 90 degrees and is arranged on one side of the vertical rod; the control box is arranged on the upright rod through a control box supporting structure; the junction box is arranged on the upright stanchion through the junction box supporting structure; the environmental sensor cross arm is arranged on two sides of the vertical rod through an environmental sensor cross arm supporting angle iron; the infrared thermal imaging mounting structure is mounted at the top of the vertical rod, and a panoramic infrared thermal imaging sensing part is arranged on the infrared thermal imaging mounting structure.
Preferably, the two-dimensional steering engine comprises a direction steering engine mounting structure, a direction steering engine, a pitching steering engine mounting structure, a pitching steering engine and a circuit mounting support, wherein the direction steering engine is mounted on the infrared thermal imaging mounting structure through the direction steering engine mounting structure, the pitching steering engine is mounted on an output shaft of the direction steering engine through the pitching steering engine mounting structure, the infrared thermal imaging sensor, the microcomputer and the infrared thermal imaging sensor expansion circuit board are mounted on an output shaft of the pitching steering engine through the circuit mounting support, horizontal 360-degree rotation is achieved through the direction steering engine, and pitching angle control is achieved through the pitching steering engine.
Preferably, the microcomputer generates two PWM waveforms to be output to the direction steering engine and the pitching steering engine, and the angles of the direction steering engine and the pitching steering engine are controlled by controlling the duty ratios of the two PWM waveforms.
Preferably, the infrared thermal imaging sensor communicates with the microcomputer through an RS232 protocol, performs flame scanning every three minutes in a default state, and enters a fire emergency state when a flame is found, in which case the infrared thermal imaging sensor shortens the scanning interval time to 10 seconds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting the distributed monitoring stations, the stations are low in cost and widely distributed in forest farms, the monitoring effect is good, the data volume is sufficient, and powerful data sources are provided for the analysis and processing of the neural network;
2. various neural networks at the server end are adopted to analyze and process data, so that the false alarm rate of the system is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the system is improved;
3. the flame recognition technology of the panoramic infrared camera is adopted, so that the sensitivity is high, the range is wide, and the effect is good;
4. by adopting the NB-IoT narrowband Internet of things communication technology, the communication is stable, the power consumption is low, and the access number of the devices is more than that of the devices, so that the communication foundation is laid for arranging monitoring sites in a large area;
5. the fire scene condition can be comprehensively analyzed according to data of a plurality of sites, and data charts such as fire risk early warning, fire alarm, fire risk thermodynamic diagram, fire situation thermodynamic diagram, fire prediction thermodynamic diagram, dangerous area planning and the like can be given, so that powerful support is provided for a fire department to effectively deploy a fire-fighting fire-extinguishing scheme under the premise of ensuring the personal safety of fire fighters.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a forest fire monitoring and fire predicting system based on infrared thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a side view of a forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a circuit portion of a forest fire monitoring and fire prediction system based on infrared thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional steering engine of a forest fire monitoring and fire predicting system based on infrared thermal imaging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a base; 2. the base supports angle iron; 3. erecting a rod; 4. a control box support structure; 5. a control box; 6. a solar panel support structure; 7. a solar panel; 8. a junction box; 9. a junction box support structure; 10. the environmental sensor cross arm supports the angle iron; 11. an environmental sensor cross arm; 12. a supporting sheet is arranged on the wind speed and direction sensor; 13. a wind direction sensor; 14. a wind speed sensor; 15. a meteorological multi-element louver box; 16. a gas concentration multi-element louver box; 17. an infrared thermal imaging mounting structure; 18. an infrared thermal imaging sensor; 19. mounting supporting sheets of the multi-element louver box; 20. a direction steering engine mounting structure; 21. a direction steering engine; 22. a pitching steering engine mounting structure; 23. a pitching steering engine; 24. a circuit mounting bracket; 25. a FLIR LEPTON2.5 sensor; 26. a microcomputer circuit board; 27. infrared thermal imaging sensor extension circuit board
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, equivalents and alternatives which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention comprises a support part, an environmental element measuring sensor fixedly mounted on the support part, a panoramic infrared thermal imaging sensing part, a microcomputer 30, an NB-IoT narrowband internet of things communication module 60, a Beidou positioning module 70 and a solar power supply and power management circuit.
The supporting part comprises a base 1, a base supporting angle iron 2, a vertical rod 3, a control box supporting structure 4, a control box 5, a solar cell panel supporting structure 6, a solar cell panel 7, a junction box 8, a junction box supporting structure 9, an environmental sensor cross arm supporting angle iron 10, an environmental sensor cross arm 11, a wind speed and direction sensor mounting supporting sheet 12 and an infrared thermal imaging mounting structure 17. The base 1 is formed by four 4040 aluminum profiles with the length of 50cm and is arranged at the bottom end of the upright stanchion 3 in a 90-degree mode through a base supporting angle iron 2; the upright stanchion 3 is a 4040 aluminum profile with the length of 180 cm; the solar cell panel supporting structure 6 consists of 4040 aluminum profiles with the lengths of 20cm and 70cm and 4 angle irons with the lengths of 55cm and 2 angles with the lengths of 38mm, 38mm and 2mm, and is arranged on one side of the vertical rod 3; the control box supporting structure 4 is formed by installing four 4040 aluminum profiles with the length of 10cm on the vertical rod 3; the junction box supporting structure 9 is formed by installing two 4040 aluminum profiles with the length of 10cm on the vertical rod 3; the environmental sensor cross arm 11 is formed by installing two 4040 aluminum profiles with the length of 30cm on two sides of the vertical rod through an environmental sensor cross arm supporting angle iron 10; the infrared thermal imaging mounting structure 17 is a 4040 aluminum profile with a length of 10cm and is mounted on the top of the vertical rod.
The environmental element measuring instrument comprises a meteorological multi-element louver 15, a wind direction sensor 13, a wind speed sensor 14, a soil temperature and humidity sensor 141 and a gas concentration multi-element louver 16, and can measure air temperature, humidity, soil temperature, humidity, average wind direction and wind speed, maximum wind direction and wind speed, atmospheric pressure, illumination intensity, carbon monoxide concentration, carbon dioxide concentration and oxygen concentration data. Each sensor is networked with the microcomputer 30 through an RS485 bus and converted by the level conversion circuit 50, and the microcomputer 30 reads data of each sensor through a Modbus protocol.
The solar power supply and power management circuit comprises a polycrystalline silicon solar panel 81, a charging circuit 82, a power monitoring circuit 83, a lead-acid storage battery 84 and a power circuit 85, wherein the 50W polycrystalline silicon solar panel 81 with the size of 670mm by 530mm is used for collecting energy, the charging circuit 82 charges the lead-acid storage battery 84 by using an MPPT maximum power point tracking switch power supply, the 12V maintenance-free lead-acid storage battery 84 with the capacity of 86AH is used for supplying power to a system, the INA226 power monitoring circuit 83 is used for communicating with the microcomputer 30 through I2C, and data such as battery voltage, current, power, electric quantity and the like are read and calculated.
The panoramic infrared thermal imaging sensing part comprises a two-dimensional steering engine 40, an infrared thermal imaging sensor 18 and a microcomputer 30. The two-dimensional steering engine is controlled by the micro single chip microcomputer 30 to realize 360-degree rotating panoramic monitoring, and flame identification is completed through OPENMV image processing and object detection network.
The two-dimensional steering engine comprises a direction steering engine mounting structure 20, a direction steering engine 21, a pitching steering engine mounting structure 22, a pitching steering engine 23 and a circuit mounting bracket 24. The direction steering wheel 21 is installed on the infrared thermal imaging installation structure 17 through the direction steering wheel installation structure 20, the every single move steering wheel 23 is installed on the output shaft of the direction steering wheel 21 through the every single move steering wheel installation structure 22, the FLIR LEPTON2.5 sensor 25, the circuit board 26 of the microcomputer 30 and the infrared thermal imaging sensor expansion circuit board 27 are installed on the output shaft of the every single move steering wheel 23 through the circuit installation support 24. The horizontal 360-degree rotation is realized through the direction steering engine 21, the pitching angle control is realized through the pitching steering engine 23, the flame panoramic monitoring of the device is realized, a hardware timer of the microcomputer 30 is used for generating PWM (pulse-width modulation) waveforms, and the rotation angles of the direction steering engine 21 and the pitching steering engine 23 are controlled by controlling the duty ratios of the two PWM waveforms.
In the specific implementation, the flame recognition logic is configured to shoot heat radiation energy above 220 ℃ by configuring the thermal imaging camera, and the shot picture is transmitted to the microcomputer 30 in real time in a gray scale image. The microcomputer 30 reads the gray map data and further screens out flame temperature regions that meet the requirements by gray value limitation. And (4) removing noise points and drawing a heat radiation energy shape through open operation and closed operation graphic processing. And then, calculating the flame position by using circularity screening, pixel area screening and radiation temperature screening.
The infrared thermal imaging sensor 18 communicates with the microcomputer 30 through an RS232 protocol, in a normal working state, the sensor scans flame once every three minutes, when flame is found, the fire emergency state is entered, at the moment, the sensor shortens the scanning interval time to 10 seconds, and meanwhile, fire angle information is sent to the microcomputer 30 to notify the fire, and the normal working state is recovered until the fire is over.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114724337A (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 旭宇光电（深圳）股份有限公司 | Remote intelligent monitoring and early warning system and method based on photovoltaic cell power supply |
| CN115164019A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-10-11 | 詹兴秀 | Wisdom fire control remote monitering system |
| CN117746559A (en) * | 2024-02-19 | 2024-03-22 | 绵阳师范学院 | Forest fire early warning device based on thing networking |
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