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CN113414404A - Method for manufacturing H13 steel in additive mode - Google Patents

Method for manufacturing H13 steel in additive mode Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113414404A
CN113414404A CN202110555722.3A CN202110555722A CN113414404A CN 113414404 A CN113414404 A CN 113414404A CN 202110555722 A CN202110555722 A CN 202110555722A CN 113414404 A CN113414404 A CN 113414404A
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steel
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heat treatment
powder
additive manufacturing
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CN113414404B (en
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刘世锋
韩李雄
王岩
魏瑛康
杨鑫
支浩
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Xian University of Architecture and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/64—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by thermal means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing H13 steel in an additive manner, which relates to the technical field of heat treatment at the rear end of die steel in the additive manner, and comprises the following steps of S1: h13 steel powder with the diameter of 15-53 mu m is selected; s2, drying: drying H13 steel powder under a protective atmosphere; s3, printing: printing H13 steel on CAD modeling software; s4, solution treatment: carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing; s5, aging heat treatment: carrying out double-aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, and then air-cooling to room temperature; compared with the cast H13 steel, the printed H13 steel after the heat treatment process has the advantages of less internal microstructure defects, greatly reduced pores, obvious grain refinement and uniform structure.

Description

Method for manufacturing H13 steel in additive mode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of the rear end of die steel for additive manufacturing, in particular to a method for additive manufacturing of H13 steel.
Background
An Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology is a brand-new material processing technology which has been developed in the field of metal processing in recent years, and the AM technology adopts a high-energy density laser or an electron beam emitter as a heat source, energy spots are concentrated in the range of 20-100 μm, spherical metal powder with the diameter of fused particles of 5-50 μm is selected, a complex metal component with high degree of freedom can be obtained, and a high-density part with the density of nearly 100% is generated. The development of the processing technology drives the rapid development of the die steel industry in China, the die is called as an industrial parent, and a plurality of processing and manufacturing industries can be developed in a large scale only by depending on the die industry.
The H13 die steel is a very widely used hot work tool steel in the conventional industry and has a carbon content of 0.32-0.45 wt%. H13 steel is commonly used in plastic injection molds and in the manufacture of molds with high impact loads due to its wear resistance, high red hardness, high temperature thermal stability, and good toughness and ductility to resist the fatigue stresses common in mold use.
The preparation of the conventional H13 steel is mainly a casting and forging process. The process is difficult to process parts with complex shapes. The forging structure has serious macroscopic zonal segregation and has a coarse Widmannstatten structure; internal stress is easily generated due to factors such as slow cooling unevenness after forging, so that H13 is easy to crack, and impurities are easy to be included or shrinkage cavities are easy to be loosened during forging.
The problems set forth above affect the structural properties of H13 steel, pose challenges for use in practical conditions, and also limit the possibilities for applications of H13 steel in more directions.
In recent years, the tremendous advances in additive manufacturing technology have provided new ways to optimize the above-mentioned problems. The additive manufacturing technology can accurately control the technological parameters of laser power, scanning speed, scanning distance, powder layer spreading thickness and the like, and because the additive manufacturing forming has the forming characteristics of rapid cooling and rapid solidification, the printing piece with excellent mechanical property, no macrosegregation, fine structure and high density can be formed on H13 steel at present.
For the die with fine structure and complex internal cooling flow channel, the processing difficulty is high by adopting the traditional manufacturing method such as forging, and the die meeting the requirements can be directly manufactured by adopting the additive manufacturing technology.
The additive manufacturing technology instantly melts H13 metal powder particles to form micro-molten pools due to high laser power when forming H13 steel, and then rapidly cools, which is equivalent to performing local solid solution on H13 steel once, so that the solid solution degree is higher than that of the traditional forged H13 steel.
The H13 die steel structure is composed mainly of bcc martensite and part of fcc retained austenite. Because the continuous cooling speed of the micro-melting pool is higher than the critical quenching speed of cooling, the structure formed by additive manufacturing is mainly martensite; an excessive cooling rate also suppresses the formation of carbides, resulting in a high local alloying element content, which leads to the austenite becoming stable and the Ms point being lowered, resulting in a small amount of retained austenite of fcc structure.
Meanwhile, in the selective laser melting forming process, a small amount of composition segregation is generated in the H13 steel, a small amount of micropores exist due to the fact that the temperature is too high, and some unmelted fine particles exist. Therefore, some rear-end heat treatment needs to be performed on the H13 steel formed by laser melting, and the heat treatment scheme is expected to further improve the performance of the printed H113 steel, strengthen the performance of the printed H113 steel in actual working conditions and provide important basis and heat treatment method for application and popularization of the H13 steel formed by additive manufacturing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for manufacturing H13 steel in an additive mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 15-53 mu m is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.32 to 0.45 percent of C, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of Si, 0.20 to 0.50 percent of Mn, 4.75 to 5.50 percent of Cr, 1.10 to 1.75 percent of Mo, 0.80 to 1.20 percent of V, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere, wherein the protective atmosphere is argon or nitrogen, and obtaining dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, selecting laser power of 200W as additive manufacturing parameters, scanning speed of 700mm/s, scanning distance of 0.08mm, printing layer thickness of 40 mu m, and obtaining an additive manufactured and formed H13 steel profile after printing;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section formed by additive manufacturing, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And carrying out double-aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, and then air-cooling to room temperature to obtain a finished product H13 steel section.
Further, the solution treatment temperature in step S4 was 1040 ℃ and the holding time was 30min, so that the excess phase was sufficiently dissolved in the solid solution.
Further, the temperature of the double-aging heat treatment in the step S5 is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, and then the steel is air-cooled to the room temperature, so that the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced.
Further, the temperature rise rate in the process that the solution treatment temperature is increased to 1040 ℃ in the step S4 is 10-11 ℃/min, and the H13 steel profile is guaranteed to be heated uniformly in the temperature rise process.
Further, the heating rate is 8-9 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double-aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, so that the H13 steel profile is uniformly heated in the heating process, and the heat treatment effect is not influenced.
Further, the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g, and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3Such H13 steel powder is excellent in molding effect in additive manufacturing and has high strength after molding.
Further, the preferable components of the H13 steel powder in percentage by mass are as follows: the H13 steel section prepared by the content ratio of C0.30-0.40%, Si 0.96%, Mn 0.37%, Cr 5.18%, Mo 1.19%, V0.94%, P0.11% and S0.21% has high strength.
Further, the drying temperature in the step S2 is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 24H, so that the H13 steel powder is fully dried.
Further, the cooling speed of air cooling is 50 ℃/H, and the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced.
Further, the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment in the step S3 is 7-9Pa, and the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the cast H13 steel, the printed H13 steel after the heat treatment process has fewer internal microstructure defects, greatly reduced pores, obvious grain refinement and uniform structure, has the tensile strength of 1700MPa at room temperature, the yield strength of 1200MPa at room temperature and the elongation of 14.7 percent after fracture at room temperature, is higher than that of a standard forging, and can meet the requirements of high strength and high plasticity of H13 steel in the die steel industry.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM surface morphology of H13 steel powder of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sample piece of H13 steel additive manufacturing preparation of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an as-printed SEM2000 cross-sectional morphology of as-heat-treated H13 steel of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the printed-state solution-treated SEM cross-sectional morphology of H13 steel
FIG. 6 is a SEM 2000X cross-sectional morphology of as-printed H13 steel after primary aging heat treatment;
FIG. 7 shows the SEM2000 cross-sectional morphology of the as-printed H13 steel after secondary aging heat treatment
FIG. 8 is a stress-strain curve of a tensile sample of the H13 steel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 15-25 mu m is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.32% of C, 0.80% of Si, 0.20% of Mn, 4.75% of Cr, 1.10% of Mo, 0.80% of V, 0.01% of P, 0.01% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 7Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section which is formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 10 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, the H13 steel section is ensured to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished product H13 steel section is obtained.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 25-35 μm is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35% of C, 1% of Si, 0.3% of Mn, 5% of Cr, 1.5% of Mo, 1% of V, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 60-80 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 8Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section which is formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 10 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, the H13 steel section is ensured to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished product H13 steel section is obtained.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the mass of 35-45 mu m is selected, and H13 steel powder is prepared from the following components in percentage by massThe components in percentage by weight are as follows: 0.45% of C, 1.20% of Si, 0.50% of Mn, 5.50% of Cr, 1.75% of Mo, 1.20% of V, 0.03% of P, 0.03% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 9Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 11 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced, the heating rate is 9 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, the H13 steel section is ensured to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished product H13 steel section is obtained.
Example 4:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 45-53 mu m is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.30% of C, 0.96% of Si, 0.37% of Mn, 5.18% of Cr, 1.19% of Mo, 0.94% of V, 0.11% of P, 0.21% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 60 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 7Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section which is formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 10 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, the H13 steel section is ensured to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished product H13 steel section is obtained.
Example 5:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 15-30 mu m is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.35% of C, 0.96% of Si, 0.37% of Mn, 5.18% of Cr, 1.19% of Mo, 0.94% of V, 0.11% of P, 0.21% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 60-80 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 8Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section which is formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 10 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the internal stress of the H13 steel section is reduced, the heating rate is 8 ℃/min in the process that the temperature of the double aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃, the H13 steel section is ensured to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished product H13 steel section is obtained.
Example 6:
as shown in fig. 1, a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, comprising the steps of:
s1: selecting materials
H13 steel powder with the particle size of 30-53 mu m is selected, and the H13 steel powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.40% of C, 0.96% of Si, 0.37% of Mn, 5.18% of Cr, 1.19% of Mo, 0.94% of V, 0.11% of P, 0.21% of S and the balance of Fe; the H13 steel powder had an average sphericity SPHT of 0.906, a powder flowability of 23.4s/50g and a bulk density of 3.951g/cm3Tap density of 4.793g/cm3The H13 steel powder has good forming effect in additive manufacturing and high strength after forming;
s2: drying
Drying the H13 steel powder selected in the step S1 under a protective atmosphere of argon or nitrogen at 80 ℃ for 24 hours to ensure that the H13 steel powder is fully dried, and obtaining the dried H13 steel powder after the drying is finished;
s3: printing
Establishing a 3D model of H13 steel to be printed on CAD modeling software, then carrying out slicing treatment on the 3D model, designing a printing path, starting an additive manufacturing machine, carrying out printing in a vacuum environment, wherein the vacuum degree of the vacuum environment is 9Pa, reducing the oxygen content in the H13 steel profile, selecting laser power of 200W as parameters of additive manufacturing, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning distance is 0.08mm, the printing layer thickness is 40 mu m, and obtaining the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing after printing is finished;
s4: solution treatment
Carrying out solution treatment on the H13 steel section formed by additive manufacturing, wherein the solution treatment temperature is 1040 ℃, the heat preservation time is 30min, so that the excess phase is fully dissolved in the solid solution, the heating rate of the solution treatment temperature in the process of rising to 1040 ℃ is 11 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is ensured to be heated uniformly in the heating process, and then air cooling is carried out to the room temperature, so as to obtain the H13 steel section after solution treatment;
s5: aging heat treatment
And (2) carrying out double-aging heat treatment on the H13 steel section after solid solution, then air-cooling to room temperature, wherein the temperature of the double-aging heat treatment is 560 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2H, then air-cooling to room temperature, the heating rate in the process that the temperature of the double-aging heat treatment is increased to 560 ℃ is 9 ℃/min, the H13 steel section is guaranteed to be uniformly heated in the heating process, the heat treatment effect is not influenced, the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50 ℃/H, the strength of the H13 steel section is enhanced, and the finished H13 steel section is obtained.
The finished H13 steels prepared in examples 1-6 were tested for tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation after fracture, and the test results are shown in table 1:
table 1: EXAMPLES 1-6 test results of performance of H13 Steel finished product
Examples Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Elongation after rupture (%)
Example 1 1700 1200 14.7
Example 2 1701 1202 14.8
Example 3 1705 1203 14.9
Example 4 1713 1211 15.3
Example 5 1712 1208 15.1
Example 6 1711 1209 15.2
Comparing the overall data of examples 1-3 with the overall data of examples 4-6, the overall data of examples 1-3 are lower than the overall data of examples 4-6, so that the preferable mass percentage components of the H13 steel powder can be confirmed as follows: 0.30-0.40% of C, 0.96% of Si, 0.37% of Mn, 5.18% of Cr, 1.19% of Mo, 0.94% of V, 0.11% of P and 0.21% of S.
The SEM surface morphology of the H13 steel powder used for additive manufacturing forming is shown in FIG. 2; in the powder form of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, it can be seen that the powder as a whole has a relatively high sphericity and a relatively uniform size, and the particle size of the powder is detected to be 19.17 μm to 46.29 μm; the sphericity directly affects the fluidity and stacking performance of the powder, and plays a key role in the performance of printed materials.
An H13 prototype prepared by additive manufacturing is shown in fig. 3; as can be seen in fig. 3, the print is integrally formed on the substrate.
As shown in fig. 4, SEM surface topography at 2000 x magnification was not heat treated for additive manufactured shaped H13 steel; fig. 4 shows that although the composition segregation phenomenon also occurs in the additive manufacturing forming process, there is no obvious difference in the depth of the microstructure, when the upper layer is scanned by laser, the surface of the solidified part of the lower layer is remelted, and at this time, fresh atoms are leaked out after the upper part of the columnar crystal is melted, the surface energy is high, and the atoms in the liquid phase are adsorbed on the original crystal grains and combined with the atoms on the surface of the crystal according to the atomic arrangement, so that one layer of the liquid phase is pushed into the isometric crystal, the size of the crystal grains is uniform, and no obvious coarse crystal grains exist.
As shown in fig. 5, the SEM cross-sectional morphology was magnified 2000 x after solution heat treatment of the additive manufactured shaped H13 steel;
as shown in fig. 6, the SEM cross-sectional morphology at 2000 x magnification after the first age heat treatment of the additive manufacturing formed H13 steel;
as shown in FIGS. 5-8, the cross-sectional morphology observed by a scanning electron microscope shows that the toughness of the H13 steel structure is greatly improved after the solution treatment to the aging heat treatment, the holes of the structure are greatly reduced, and the grains are refined; meanwhile, a large amount of small bridging grain boundaries disappear, and more large and long grain boundaries appear, and the phenomenon that small grain boundary dislocations are moved and mutually gathered during heat treatment is caused, so that the strength of the H13 steel material is obviously improved.

Claims (10)

1.一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：1. a method of additive manufacturing H13 steel, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: S1：选材S1: material selection 选用15-53μm的H13钢粉末，H13钢粉末由以下质量百分比成分组成：C含量0.32-0.45％、Si含量0.80-1.20％、Mn含量0.20-0.50％、Cr含量4.75-5.50％、Mo含量1.10-1.75％、V含量0.80-1.20％、P含量≤0.03％、S含量≤0.03％、余量为Fe；The H13 steel powder of 15-53 μm is selected. The H13 steel powder is composed of the following mass percentage components: C content 0.32-0.45%, Si content 0.80-1.20%, Mn content 0.20-0.50%, Cr content 4.75-5.50%, Mo content 1.10 -1.75%, V content 0.80-1.20%, P content ≤ 0.03%, S content ≤ 0.03%, the balance is Fe; S2：干燥S2: Dry 将步骤S1选用的H13钢粉末在保护气氛下干燥，干燥完成后的得到干燥H13钢粉末；The H13 steel powder selected in step S1 is dried under a protective atmosphere, and the dried H13 steel powder is obtained after the drying is completed; S3：打印S3: print 在CAD建模软件建立所需要打印H13钢的3D模型，然后对3D模型进行切片处理后，设计好打印的路径，启动增材制造机，在真空环境下进行打印，增材制造的参数选择激光功率200W，扫描速速700mm/s，扫描间距0.08mm，打印层厚40μm，打印完成后得到增材制造成形的H13钢型材；Create the 3D model of the H13 steel that needs to be printed in the CAD modeling software, and then slice the 3D model, design the printing path, start the additive manufacturing machine, and print in a vacuum environment. The parameters of additive manufacturing select laser The power is 200W, the scanning speed is 700mm/s, the scanning spacing is 0.08mm, and the printing layer thickness is 40μm. After the printing is completed, the H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing is obtained; S4：固溶处理S4: Solution treatment 将增材制造成形的H13钢型材进行固溶处理，随后空冷至室温，得到固溶后的H13钢型材；The H13 steel profile formed by additive manufacturing is subjected to solution treatment, and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain the H13 steel profile after solid solution; S5：时效热处理S5: Aging heat treatment 将固溶后的H13钢型材进行双时效热处理然后空冷至室温，得到成品H13钢型材。The H13 steel profile after solid solution is subjected to double aging heat treatment and then air-cooled to room temperature to obtain a finished H13 steel profile. 2.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述的固溶处理温度为1040℃，保温时间为30min。2 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1 , wherein the solution treatment temperature in step S4 is 1040° C., and the holding time is 30 min. 3 . 3.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，步骤S5中所述的双时效热处理温度为560℃，保温时间为2h，随后空冷至室温。3 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1 , wherein the double-aging heat treatment temperature in step S5 is 560° C., the holding time is 2 hours, and then air-cooled to room temperature. 4 . 4.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，步骤S4中所述的固溶处理温度升至1040℃过程中的升温速率为10℃/min-11℃/min。4. The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1, wherein the heating rate during the process of the solution treatment temperature rising to 1040°C in step S4 is 10°C/min-11 °C/min. 5.如权利要求3中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，所述双时效热处理温度升至560℃的过程中升温速率为8℃/min-9℃/min。5 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 3 , wherein the temperature increase rate is 8° C./min-9° C./min during the process of the double-aging heat treatment temperature rising to 560° C. 6 . 6.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，所述H13钢粉末的球形度平均值为SPHT＝0.906，粉末流动性为23.4s/50g,松装密度为3.951g/cm3，振实密度为4.793g/cm3。6. The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1, wherein the average sphericity of the H13 steel powder is SPHT=0.906, the powder fluidity is 23.4s/50g, and the loose packing The density was 3.951 g/cm 3 and the tap density was 4.793 g/cm 3 . 7.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，所述H13钢粉末优选的质量百分比成分为：C含量0.30-0.40％、Si含量0.96％、Mn含量0.37％、Cr含量5.18％、Mo含量1.19％、V含量0.94％％、P含量0.11％、S含量0.21％。7. The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1, wherein the preferred mass percentage components of the H13 steel powder are: C content 0.30-0.40%, Si content 0.96%, Mn content 0.37%, Cr content 5.18%, Mo content 1.19%, V content 0.94%, P content 0.11%, S content 0.21%. 8.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述干燥的温度为60-80℃，干燥时间为24h。8 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1 , wherein the drying temperature in step S2 is 60-80° C., and the drying time is 24 h. 9 . 9.如权利要求3中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，所述空冷的冷却速度为50℃/h冷却速度。9 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 3 , wherein the cooling rate of the air cooling is 50° C./h. 10 . 10.如权利要求1中所述的一种增材制造H13钢的方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述干燥的温度为60-80℃。10 . The method for additively manufacturing H13 steel according to claim 1 , wherein the drying temperature in step S2 is 60-80° C. 11 .
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