CN113412700A - Plasma continuous processing system and method for breaking alfalfa seed dormancy - Google Patents
Plasma continuous processing system and method for breaking alfalfa seed dormancy Download PDFInfo
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- CN113412700A CN113412700A CN202110585112.8A CN202110585112A CN113412700A CN 113412700 A CN113412700 A CN 113412700A CN 202110585112 A CN202110585112 A CN 202110585112A CN 113412700 A CN113412700 A CN 113412700A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G65/00—Loading or unloading
- B65G65/30—Methods or devices for filling or emptying bunkers, hoppers, tanks, or like containers, of interest apart from their use in particular chemical or physical processes or their application in particular machines, e.g. not covered by a single other subclass
- B65G65/34—Emptying devices
- B65G65/40—Devices for emptying otherwise than from the top
- B65G65/42—Devices for emptying otherwise than from the top using belt or chain conveyors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G69/00—Auxiliary measures taken, or devices used, in connection with loading or unloading
- B65G69/04—Spreading out the materials conveyed over the whole surface to be loaded; Trimming heaps of loose materials
- B65G69/0425—Spreading out the materials conveyed over the whole surface to be loaded; Trimming heaps of loose materials with vibrating or shaking means
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种破除苜蓿种子休眠的等离子体连续处理系统和方法。系统包括机架、处理舱、振动均匀布料装置、喂料装置、介质阻挡放电等离子体发生装置、进气装置、集料装置和尾气处理装置；振动均匀布料装置包括给料槽、传送带和振动机构，给料槽的出料端和传送带均位于处理舱内部；振动机构为给料槽提供沿给料槽出料方向的往复振动，使得牧草种子在给料槽均匀平铺一层并向传送带运动；介质阻挡放电等离子发生装置包括设置在下层架上的射频电源、射频电源匹配器以及设置在处理舱内的极板。本发明可对苜蓿种子进行播前处理，使苜蓿种子种皮产生破裂，吸水性和电导率发生变化，从而打破苜蓿种子的休眠，使苜蓿种子能在贫瘠的土地上顺利萌发。
The invention relates to a plasma continuous treatment system and method for breaking dormancy of alfalfa seeds. The system includes a rack, a processing cabin, a vibrating uniform distribution device, a feeding device, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device, an air intake device, a collecting device and an exhaust gas treatment device; the vibrating uniform distribution device includes a feeding chute, a conveyor belt and a vibrating mechanism , the discharge end of the feeding trough and the conveyor belt are located inside the processing cabin; the vibration mechanism provides the feeding trough with reciprocating vibration along the feeding direction of the feeding trough, so that the forage seeds are evenly spread on the feeding trough and move to the conveyor belt. ; The dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device includes a radio frequency power supply, a radio frequency power supply matching device and a pole plate set in the processing cabin. The alfalfa seed can be treated before sowing, so that the seed coat of the alfalfa seed is broken, the water absorption and electrical conductivity are changed, the dormancy of the alfalfa seed is broken, and the alfalfa seed can germinate smoothly on the barren land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a plasma continuous treatment system and a plasma continuous treatment method for breaking alfalfa seed dormancy.
Background
The animal husbandry of China develops rapidly, however, at present, a lot of pasture seeds still depend on import. The pasture grass seeds are used as a special commodity, and the quality and the yield of the pasture grass seeds are directly related to the benefit of a producer. At present, low seed vigor is one of the hot spots of research, and the research finds that dormancy of pasture seeds is an important factor influencing the seed vigor. Resting seeds of hard-seed pasture grass (fruit) have a compact and firm bark structure or have a cuticle and a waxy layer, which are impervious to water or air and thus cannot germinate, and are called hard-seed, and the resting of many leguminous grass species belongs to this category. Alfalfa is a representative leguminous grass seed, and the dormancy of alfalfa seeds brings certain troubles to alfalfa planting. In order to break the dormancy, mechanical damage, low-temperature treatment, high-temperature treatment, temperature-changing seed soaking, chemical treatment and the like can be adopted. These treatments are more or less damaging to the seeds and the workers.
The substance exists in three existing modes of solid, liquid and gas, and modern researches show that the fourth existing state of the substance is called a plasma state, namely a substance fourth state, which is a substance aggregation state with higher energy than that of the liquid state and belongs to the category of physical discipline. The cold plasma contains a large amount of excited molecules, atoms, radical electrons, ions, ultraviolet light and other active particles, and the generated active particles have more types and stronger activity than those generated by a general chemical reaction, and are more likely to react with the surface of a contacted high polymer material, so that the active particles are used for carrying out surface modification treatment on the material. Since the 80s of the 20 th century, the cold plasma treatment technology has been widely applied in various fields such as low-temperature sterilization and pollution control of wood, metal, medicine, microelectronics, polymers and biological functional materials. At present, the plasma also has wide application in agriculture, and has great prospect for researching the direction of whether the plasma breaks seed dormancy. However, the plasma seed treatment devices currently under study are classified into dielectric barrier discharge devices and vacuum plasma generation devices. The dielectric barrier discharge device usually utilizes an organic glass to be placed in the middle of the electrode placing plate, when in treatment, seeds are placed on the organic glass plate, the treatment amount is small each time, and the circulation is needed to be repeated, so that the waste of manpower and resources is caused. The vacuum plasma generating device has higher requirements on treatment conditions and higher treatment cost. Both of these generally discharge the exhaust gas directly into the atmosphere, which can cause environmental pollution. A whole set of devices for uninterrupted treatment, creating different treatment environments by filling different proportions of gases and treating the waste gases generated by the treatment have not been reported.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems, the present invention aims to provide a plasma continuous treatment system and method for breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds, which can perform pre-sowing treatment on alfalfa seeds to break the seed coats of alfalfa seeds and change the water absorption and conductivity, thereby breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds and enabling alfalfa seeds to successfully germinate on poor lands. The device can handle the alfalfa seed incessantly, and the treatment effeciency is high and has reduced the pollution to the air and operator's work burden.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a plasma continuous processing system for breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds comprises a rack, a processing cabin 6, a vibration uniform distribution device, a feeding device, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device, an air inlet device, an aggregate device and a tail gas processing device.
The rack is a cubic frame and comprises an upper layer rack and a lower layer rack; the processing cabin 6 is arranged on the upper layer frame.
The vibrating and uniformly distributing device comprises a feeding groove 3, a conveying belt 4 and a vibrating mechanism, wherein the feeding groove 3 and the conveying belt 4 are sequentially arranged on the upper layer frame, and the conveying belt 4 is positioned at the discharging end of the feeding groove 3; the discharge end of the feed chute 3 and the conveyor belt 4 are both located inside the processing chamber 6.
The vibration mechanism provides reciprocating vibration along the discharging direction of the feeding groove 3 for the feeding groove 3, so that the forage grass seeds are uniformly paved on the feeding groove 3 and move towards the conveying belt 4.
The feeding device is arranged right above the feeding groove 3; the feeding device comprises a feeding bin 1, a seed sowing device 13, a discharging hopper 14 and a speed reducing motor 2; the power output shaft of the speed reducing motor 2 is fixedly connected with an outer grooved wheel 16 in the seed sowing device 13 through a connecting shaft 15, and the feeding bin 1 and the discharging hopper 14 are respectively connected with the feeding port and the discharging port of the seed sowing device 13.
The dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device comprises a radio frequency power supply 11 arranged on a lower layer frame, a radio frequency power supply matcher 29 and a polar plate 5 arranged in a processing cabin 6; the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 is electrically connected with the radio frequency power supply 11 and is used for adjusting the voltage emitted by the radio frequency power supply 11; two polar plates 5 which are horizontally arranged in parallel up and down are arranged on the polar plate mounting rack 25 at an adjustable interval, and the upper belt of the conveyor belt 4 is positioned between the two polar plates 5; the high-voltage terminal and the ground wire terminal of the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 are respectively connected with the two pole plates 5.
The pole plate 5 is mounted on a pole plate mounting frame 25 via an insulating support 24 in a height-adjustable manner.
The air inlet device comprises an air inlet pipe 12 and an air storage tank 28; three gas storage tanks 28 for respectively containing argon, nitrogen and oxygen are arranged on the lower layer frame, the gas inlet end of the gas inlet pipe 12 is connected with each gas storage tank 28, and the opening and closing and the gas inlet speed are controlled by gas valves 27; the outlet end of the inlet pipe 12 is connected to the inlet of the treatment chamber 6.
The material collecting device comprises a butterfly valve 8 and a material collecting bin 7; the feed inlet of the material collecting bin 7 is connected with the discharge outlet 30 of the processing bin 6, and the discharge outlet of the material collecting bin 7 is provided with a butterfly valve 8; when the seeds are treated, the valve core 22 of the butterfly valve 8 is in a horizontal position, so that the treatment cabin 6 and the outside are in a sealed separation state; when the treatment is finished, the valve core 22 is in the vertical position, so that the treated seeds flow out of the collecting bin 7.
The tail gas treatment device comprises an exhaust pipe 9 and a tail gas treatment bottle 10; the air inlet of the exhaust pipe 9 is connected with the air outlet of the treatment cabin 6, the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe 9 is connected with the tail gas treatment bottle 10, and the tail gas treatment bottle 10 is arranged on the lower shelf and contains tail gas absorption liquid.
When the alfalfa seeds are treated, the vibration frequency of the vibration mechanism is 60Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 0.5 mm; conveying speed vmIs 0.14 m/s.
The vibration mechanism comprises an armature 17, an electromagnet 18, an elastic supporting seat 19, a base 20 and a damping spring 21; the lower surface of the base 20 is connected with the upper layer frame through a damping spring 21, the bottom of the elastic support seat 19 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 20, and the bottom surface of the feeding trough 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the elastic support seat 19; armature 17 and electro-magnet 18 are located the inside of elasticity supporting seat 19, armature 17 and the rigid coupling of elasticity supporting seat 19, electro-magnet 18 and frame 20 rigid coupling, and armature 17 and electro-magnet 18 all are located along the axis of the feeding trough 3 ejection of compact direction, make the feeding trough 3 produce the frequency incessantly vibration along the feeding trough 3 ejection of compact direction.
And airtight rubber is arranged at the joint of the processing cabin 6 and the feeding groove 3.
And the upper surface of the polar plate 5 is provided with a shielding layer 23.
The polar plates 5 are made of aluminum alloy, the size is 250mm multiplied by 500mm, and the distance between the two polar plates 5 is 2.47 mm-40 mm.
The rack and the polar plate mounting rack 25 are made of aluminum profiles; the insulating support 24 is made of nylon.
The system can treat 10kg of alfalfa seeds in batches at one time; the treatment voltage was 18kV and the treatment time was 20 s.
In a plasma continuous processing method for breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds by using the system, in an initial state, an air valve 27 is in a closed state; adjusting the distance between the two polar plates 5 according to the size of the alfalfa seeds to be treated; the valve core 22 of the butterfly valve is in a horizontal position, and the material collecting bin 7 is in a closed state; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, intake air: according to different alfalfa seeds to be treated, mixed gas is input into the treatment cabin 6 from the gas storage tank 28 through the gas inlet pipe 12, and the mixed gas comprises 55-72% of nitrogen, 15-21% of oxygen and 5-10% of argon according to volume percentage, so that the treatment cabin 6 can achieve treatment environments suitable for different alfalfa seeds;
s2, feeding: alfalfa seeds are put in the feeding bin 1 and fall into the feeding groove 3 from the feeding hopper 14 through the seed sowing device 13;
s3, vibrating to uniformly distribute: the vibration mechanism drives the feeding trough 3 to vibrate, so that the alfalfa seeds are uniformly and flatly laid on the feeding trough 3 to form a layer and move towards the conveying belt 4;
s4, feeding: the alfalfa seeds which are flatly paved into a layer enter between the two polar plates 5 through the conveyor belt 4;
s5, treating seeds: starting the radio frequency power supply 11 and the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 to generate plasma between the two polar plates 5, wherein seeds pass through the two polar plates 5 at a constant speed;
s6, feeding: the treated seeds leave the plasma generation zone via conveyor belt 4;
s7, aggregate: the treated alfalfa seeds fall into a material collecting bin 7;
s8, tail gas treatment: after the treatment is finished, the generated waste gas is discharged through an exhaust pipe 9 and is led into a tail gas absorption bottle 10 filled with solution;
s9, discharging: after the treatment is finished, the butterfly valve 8 is opened, the valve core 22 is rotated, and the treated alfalfa seeds are discharged from the material collecting bin 7.
The volume ratio of each gas in the mixed gas is as follows: argon gas: nitrogen gas: oxygen 1:7: 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can break the dormancy of the alfalfa seeds, promote the growth of the alfalfa seedlings, and promote the rejuvenation and growth; the epidermis of the alfalfa seeds after the discharge treatment is cracked, and the change of the surface properties of the seeds after the plasma treatment can enhance the transportation of oxygen and water through the seed film, so that the seed dormancy can be broken, and the germination rate of the seeds is greatly improved. The germination rate of the treated alfalfa seeds is increased by 51%, the root length is increased by 6.5%, the bud length is increased by 19.69%, the dry weight is increased by 5.81%, and the wet weight is increased by 15.90%. The water absorption of the seeds is improved by 42 percent, and the surface bacterial colonies after treatment are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a plasma continuous processing system for breaking alfalfa seed dormancy according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the sealed cabin 6 of FIG. 1 without the sealed cabin;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of a plasma continuous processing system for breaking alfalfa seed dormancy according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vibrating uniform distribution device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a feeding device assembly;
fig. 6 is a schematic layout of the outer sheave and the reduction motor;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a collection bin;
FIG. 9 is a schematic layout of a butterfly valve cartridge;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the tendency of germination percentage of alfalfa seeds before and after treatment;
FIG. 11 is an observed view of the epidermis of alfalfa seeds before treatment by electron microscopy;
FIG. 12 is an observed view of the epidermis of alfalfa seeds after treatment by electron microscopy;
FIG. 13 is a drawing showing bacterial culture on the surface before and after alfalfa seed treatment;
FIG. 14 is a graph of internal bacterial cultures before and after alfalfa seed treatment.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 feeding bin 2 speed reducing motor
3 feed trough 4 conveyer belt
5 polar plate 6 processing cabin
7-material collecting bin 8 butterfly valve
9 exhaust pipe 10 tail gas treatment tank
11 radio frequency power supply 12 air inlet pipe
13 seed metering device 14 blanking funnel
15 connecting shaft 16 outer sheave
17 armature 18 electromagnet
19 elastic support base 20 machine base
21 damping spring 22 spool
23 shield 24 insulating support
25 pole plate mounting rack 26 fastening bolt
27 air valve 28 air storage tank
29 radio frequency power supply matcher 30 processing cabin discharge port
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a plasma continuous processing system for breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds comprises a frame, a processing cabin 6, a vibration uniform distribution device, a feeding device, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device, an air inlet device, an aggregate device and a tail gas processing device.
The rack is a cubic frame and comprises an upper layer rack and a lower layer rack. The processing cabin 6 is arranged on the upper layer frame.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the vibrating and uniformly distributing device comprises a feeding trough 3, a conveyor belt 4 and a vibrating mechanism, wherein the feeding trough 3 and the conveyor belt 4 are sequentially arranged on the upper shelf, and the conveyor belt 4 is positioned at the discharge end of the feeding trough 3; the discharge end of the feed chute 3 and the conveyor belt 4 are both located inside the processing chamber 6.
The vibration mechanism comprises an armature 17, an electromagnet 18, an elastic supporting seat 19, a base 20 and a damping spring 21; the lower surface of the base 20 is connected with the upper layer frame through a damping spring 21, the bottom of the elastic support seat 19 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base 20, and the bottom surface of the feeding trough 3 is fixedly connected with the top of the elastic support seat 19; armature 17 and electro-magnet 18 are located the inside of elasticity supporting seat 19, armature 17 and the rigid coupling of elasticity supporting seat 19, electro-magnet 18 and frame 20 rigid coupling, and armature 17 and electro-magnet 18 all are located along the axis of the feeding trough 3 ejection of compact direction, make the feeding trough 3 produce the frequency incessantly vibration along the feeding trough 3 ejection of compact direction. The vibration mechanism provides the reciprocating vibration along the 3 ejection of compact directions of feed trough for feed trough 3 for pasture and grass seed evenly tiles the one deck and moves to conveyer belt 4 at feed trough 3.
The vibration mechanism can adjust the amplitude according to the material type, and then adjusts the feed amount. The feed chute 3 of the invention can meet the working requirements with small amplitude because of the small volume and light weight of the target material. The frequency range of the vibration mechanism is 5-600 Hz, and the vibration amplitude range is 0.1-20 mm. Preferably, when the alfalfa seeds are treated, the vibration frequency of the vibration mechanism is 60Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 0.5 mm. The conveying speed of the seeds on the trough 3 can also be set according to the difference of the treated seeds, and the speed range is 0.05 m/s-0.6 m/s. Preferably, the actual transport speed v of the chute 3 is such that, when handling alfalfamIs 0.14 m/s.
Preferably, the connection of the treatment chamber 6 and the feed trough 3 is provided with an airtight rubber.
The feeding device is arranged right above the feeding trough 3. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the feeding device comprises a feeding bin 1, a seed sowing device 13, a feeding funnel 14 and a speed reducing motor 2; the power output shaft of the speed reducing motor 2 is fixedly connected with an outer grooved wheel 16 in the seed sowing device 13 through a connecting shaft 15, and the feeding bin 1 and the discharging hopper 14 are respectively connected with the feeding port and the discharging port of the seed sowing device 13.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device includes a radio frequency power supply 11 disposed on the lower shelf, a radio frequency power supply matcher 29, and a pole plate 5 disposed in the processing chamber 6; the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 is electrically connected with the radio frequency power supply 11 and is used for adjusting the voltage emitted by the radio frequency power supply 11; two polar plates 5 which are horizontally arranged and are arranged in parallel up and down are arranged on the polar plate mounting rack 25 with adjustable spacing distance, and the upper layer belt of the conveyor belt 4 is positioned between the two polar plates 5. The high-voltage terminal and the ground wire terminal of the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 are respectively connected with the two polar plates 5.
The frame and the pole plate mounting rack 25 are aluminum profiles.
Preferably, the upper surface of the polar plate 5 is provided with a shielding layer 23 to prevent the polar plate 5 and the rack or the polar plate mounting rack 25 from generating glow discharge.
The polar plate 5 is made of aluminum alloy, the size is 250mm multiplied by 500mm, and uniform plasma discharge between the polar plates is guaranteed. The distance between the two polar plates 5 is 2.47 mm-40 mm.
As shown in fig. 7, the pole plate 5 is mounted on a pole plate mounting frame 25 via an insulating support 24 in a height-adjustable manner. The pole plate 5 is fixedly connected with the insulating bracket 24 through a fastening bolt 26.
The insulating support 24 is made of nylon.
The air inlet device comprises an air inlet pipe 12 and an air storage tank 28; three gas storage tanks 28 for respectively containing argon, nitrogen and oxygen are arranged on the lower layer frame, the gas inlet end of the gas inlet pipe 12 is connected with each gas storage tank 28, and the opening and closing and the gas inlet speed are controlled by gas valves 27; the outlet end of the inlet pipe 12 is connected to the inlet of the treatment chamber 6.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the material collecting device includes a butterfly valve 8 and a material collecting bin 7; the feed inlet of the material collecting bin 7 is connected with the discharge outlet 30 of the processing bin 6, and the discharge outlet of the material collecting bin 7 is provided with a butterfly valve 8; when seeds are treated, the valve core 22 of the butterfly valve 8 is in a horizontal position, so that the treatment cabin 6 and the outside are in a closed separation state; when the treatment is finished, the valve core 22 is in the vertical position, so that the treated seeds flow out of the collecting bin 7.
The tail gas treatment device comprises an exhaust pipe 9 and a tail gas treatment bottle 10; the air inlet of the exhaust pipe 9 is connected with the air outlet of the treatment cabin 6, the exhaust port of the exhaust pipe 9 is connected with the tail gas treatment bottle 10, and the tail gas treatment bottle 10 is arranged on the lower shelf and contains tail gas absorption liquid.
The processing voltage range of the plasma continuous processing system for breaking the alfalfa seed dormancy is 0-35 kV, the processing time is 0-80 s, and 10kg of seeds can be processed in batches once. Preferably, when the alfalfa seeds are treated, the optimal treatment voltage of the plasma continuous treatment system for breaking the dormancy of the alfalfa seeds is 18kV, and the treatment time is 20 s.
According to the treatment method of the plasma continuous treatment system for breaking the alfalfa seed dormancy, the air valve 27 is in a closed state when the system is in an initial state; adjusting the distance between the two polar plates 5 according to the size of the alfalfa seeds to be treated, wherein the distance between the two polar plates 5 is 2.47-40 mm; the valve core 22 of the butterfly valve is in a horizontal position, and the material collecting bin 7 is in a closed state; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, intake air: according to different alfalfa seeds to be treated, mixed gas is input into the treatment cabin 6 from the gas storage tank 28 through the gas inlet pipe 12, and the mixed gas comprises 55-72% of nitrogen, 15-21% of oxygen and 5-10% of argon according to volume percentage, so that the treatment cabin 6 can achieve treatment environments suitable for different alfalfa seeds. Preferably, the volume ratio of each gas in the mixed gas is: argon gas: nitrogen gas: oxygen 1:7: 2.
S2, feeding: alfalfa seeds are placed in the feeding bin 1 and fall into the feeding trough 3 from the feeding hopper 14 through the seed sowing device 13.
The batch processing capacity of the invention is 10 kg; the diameter d of a grooved wheel 16 of the seed metering device 13 is 48 mm; the suitable rotating speed range n of the outer sheave 16 is 9-60 r/min, preferably, the rotating speed of the outer sheave 16 is 40r/min, and during the rotating speed, the feeding amount per rotation is accurate, and the feeding uniformity is good.
S3, vibrating to uniformly distribute: the vibration mechanism drives the feed trough 3 to vibrate, so that the alfalfa seeds are evenly spread into a layer on the feed trough 3 and move towards the conveyor belt 4.
Preferably, the vibration frequency of the trough 3 is 60Hz, the vibration amplitude is 0.5mm, and the conveying speed v ism0.14 m/s;
s4, feeding: the alfalfa seeds which are flatly paved into a layer enter between the two polar plates 5 through the conveyor belt 4;
s5, treating seeds: and starting the radio frequency power supply 11 and the radio frequency power supply matcher 29 to generate plasma between the two polar plates 5, wherein the seeds pass through the two polar plates 5 at a constant speed for 10-20 s.
S6, feeding: the treated seeds leave the plasma generation zone via conveyor belt 4.
S7, aggregate: the treated alfalfa seeds fall into a collection bin 7.
S8, tail gas treatment: after the treatment is completed, the generated waste gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 9 and introduced into the tail gas absorption bottle 10 filled with the solution.
S9, discharging: after the treatment is finished, the butterfly valve 8 is opened, the valve core 22 is rotated, and the treated alfalfa seeds are discharged from the material collecting bin 7.
Examples
Alfalfa seeds are selected as the representative, alfalfa is a typical leguminous pasture, and dormancy has a greater influence on germination of alfalfa seeds. And (3) carrying out a water absorption experiment, a conductivity experiment, electron microscope observation and an in-seed and in-seed bacterium carrying experiment on the treated alfalfa seeds. Selecting alfalfa seeds with thousand-grain weight of about 1.95g for germination test. Each treatment and Control (CK) was repeated 4 times, each for 100 seeds, and each was placed neatly in a petri dish with a diameter of 11cm and two layers of filter paper laid thereon, and 100 seeds per petri dish were added with 4mL of distilled water, and then cultured in a light incubator at a constant temperature of 20 ℃. From the 1 st day of the germination test, observing every day, recording the germination number, and counting the germination rate, the root length, the bud length, the dry weight and the wet weight; in order to verify the change of the water absorption of the treated alfalfa seeds, the alfalfa seeds are divided into five groups, the five groups are respectively placed at 6KV, 16KV, 18KV, 20KV, 22KV and 30KV for treatment, the treatment time is the same and is 20s, each group of the treated seeds is subjected to three repeated tests, and in order to ensure the same initial water content, the alfalfa seeds are firstly cleaned by deionized water and placed at a ventilation position for drying. Then randomly selecting 50 grains, placing the grains in a beaker filled with deionized water, placing the beaker at the room temperature of 25 ℃, weighing the grains once every four hours until the mass is constant, repeating the weighing for three times, and recording the weight change condition of the seeds; carrying out scanning electron microscope observation on the treated alfalfa seeds; extracting and culturing bacteria inside and outside the alfalfa seeds before and after treatment. The germination rate, root length, sprout length, dry weight, wet weight, water absorption, epidermal condition and the amount of bacteria present inside and outside the seeds were recorded.
The germination rate of the treated alfalfa seeds is increased by 51%, the root length is increased by 6.5%, the bud length is increased by 19.69%, the dry weight is increased by 5.81%, and the wet weight is increased by 15.90%. The water absorption of the seeds is improved by 42 percent, and the surface bacterial colonies after treatment are reduced. The epidermis of the treated alfalfa seeds after the discharge treatment is cracked, and the change of the surface properties of the seeds after the plasma treatment can enhance the transportation of oxygen and water through a seed film, so that the seed dormancy can be broken, and the germination rate of the pasture seeds is greatly improved.
1. Germination characteristics of seeds
As can be seen from FIG. 10, the germination rate and germination vigor of the treated alfalfa are improved, the germination rate of the plasma-treated alfalfa seeds reaches 94%, the germination rate of the untreated alfalfa seeds is 62%, the treated seeds can quickly reach the maximum germination rate, and the uniform germination is also ensured. The treated root length, shoot length, dry weight and wet weight were all significantly different from those of the untreated (P < 0.05). As shown in Table 1, the germination rate of the treated alfalfa seeds is increased by 51%, the root length is increased by 6.5%, the bud length is increased by 19.69%, the dry weight is increased by 5.81%, the wet weight is increased by 15.90%, and the water absorption of the seeds is increased by 42%.
Table 1 front and back alfalfa seed germination characteristics
2. Water absorption test
In order to verify the change of the water absorption of the treated alfalfa seeds, the alfalfa seeds are divided into five groups, the five groups are respectively placed at 6KV, 16KV, 18KV, 20KV, 22KV and 30KV for treatment, the treatment time is the same and is 20s, each group of the treated seeds is subjected to three repeated tests, and in order to ensure the same initial water content, the alfalfa seeds are firstly cleaned by deionized water and placed at a ventilation position for drying. Then, 50 grains are randomly selected and placed in a beaker filled with deionized water, the beaker is placed at room temperature of 25 ℃, the weight of the beaker is weighed once every four hours until the mass is constant, the weighing is repeated for three times, and the weight change condition of the seeds is recorded. From the results, it was found that the water absorption of the seeds at 6KV did not change significantly, that the water absorption of the seeds at 16KV was improved by 13.16%, that at 18KV by 19.36%, that at 20KV by 23.2%, that at 22KV by 25.1%, and that at 30kW by 42%. The water absorption of the treated alfalfa seeds is increased, when the water absorption reaches 30KV, the water absorption of the seeds is improved too obviously, and the seeds are observed by a scanning electron microscope, so that the skins of the seeds are likely to be punctured, the skins of the seeds are obviously damaged, and the dormancy of the alfalfa seeds is broken.
3. Seed epidermis scanning electron microscope observation before and after treatment
From FIG. 11, it can be observed that the alfalfa seeds before treatment had no cracks in the epidermis and smooth epidermis. From FIG. 12, it can be seen that the treated alfalfa seed has cracks of varying sizes in the epidermis. The epidermis of the treated alfalfa seeds is cracked, and the change of the surface property of the seeds after plasma treatment can enhance the transportation of oxygen and water through a seed film, so that the seed dormancy can be broken, the germination rate of the pasture seeds is greatly improved, and the pasture seeds can grow smoothly in a severe environment.
4. Experiment for carrying bacteria inside and outside before and after seed treatment
After the cultivation of bacteria inside and outside the seeds, as can be seen from the comparison between fig. 13 and fig. 14, the content of bacteria inside and outside the grass seeds treated by the invention is obviously reduced. The number of external colonies inside and outside the seed is an important factor affecting seed germination. The excessive bacteria inside and outside the seeds can cause the seeds to mildew and rot during storage; during germination, bacteria have certain influence on the quality of seed germination and the growth condition of seedlings. Therefore, the plasma is used for killing bacteria inside and outside the seeds, so that the seeds are stored and germinate conveniently, and the dormant period of the seeds is broken.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions that can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A plasma continuous processing system for breaking the dormancy of alfalfa seeds is characterized by comprising a rack, a processing cabin (6), a vibration uniform distribution device, a feeding device, a dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device, an air inlet device, an aggregate device and a tail gas processing device;
the rack is a cubic frame and comprises an upper layer rack and a lower layer rack; the processing cabin (6) is arranged on the upper-layer frame;
the vibrating and uniformly distributing device comprises a feeding groove (3), a conveying belt (4) and a vibrating mechanism, wherein the feeding groove (3) and the conveying belt (4) are sequentially arranged on the upper-layer frame, and the conveying belt (4) is positioned at the discharging end of the feeding groove (3); the discharge end of the feeding trough (3) and the conveyor belt (4) are both positioned inside the processing cabin (6);
the vibration mechanism provides reciprocating vibration for the feeding groove (3) along the discharging direction of the feeding groove (3), so that the forage grass seeds are uniformly paved in the feeding groove (3) in a layer and move towards the conveying belt (4);
the feeding device is arranged right above the feeding groove (3); the feeding device comprises a feeding bin (1), a seed sowing device (13), a discharging hopper (14) and a speed reducing motor (2); the power output shaft of the speed reducing motor (2) is fixedly connected with an outer grooved wheel (16) in the seed metering device (13) through a connecting shaft (15), and the feeding bin (1) and the discharging hopper (14) are respectively connected with a feeding port and a discharging port of the seed metering device (13);
the dielectric barrier discharge plasma generating device comprises a radio frequency power supply (11) arranged on the lower layer frame, a radio frequency power supply matcher (29) and a polar plate (5) arranged in a processing cabin (6); the radio frequency power supply matcher (29) is electrically connected with the radio frequency power supply (11) and is used for adjusting the voltage emitted by the radio frequency power supply (11); the two polar plates (5) which are horizontally arranged in parallel up and down are arranged on the polar plate mounting frame (25) at an adjustable interval, and the upper belt of the conveyor belt (4) is positioned between the two polar plates (5); the high-voltage terminal and the ground wire terminal of the radio frequency power supply matcher (29) are respectively connected with the two polar plates (5);
the pole plate (5) is arranged on the pole plate mounting frame (25) in a horizontal height-adjustable manner through an insulating support (24);
the air inlet device comprises an air inlet pipe (12) and an air storage tank (28); three gas storage tanks (28) for respectively containing argon, nitrogen and oxygen are arranged on the lower layer frame, and the gas inlet end of the gas inlet pipe (12) is connected with each gas storage tank (28) and is controlled to be opened or closed and the gas inlet speed through a gas valve (27); the air outlet end of the air inlet pipe (12) is connected with the air inlet of the processing cabin (6);
the material collecting device comprises a butterfly valve (8) and a material collecting bin (7); a feed inlet of the material collecting bin (7) is connected with a discharge outlet (30) of the processing cabin (6), and a discharge outlet of the material collecting bin (7) is provided with a butterfly valve (8); when seeds are treated, the valve core (22) of the butterfly valve (8) is in a horizontal position, so that the treatment cabin (6) and the outside are in a closed separation state; after the treatment is finished, the valve core (22) is in a vertical position, so that the treated seeds flow out of the material collecting bin (7);
the tail gas treatment device comprises an exhaust pipe (9) and a tail gas treatment bottle (10); the gas inlet of the exhaust pipe (9) is connected with the gas outlet of the processing cabin (6), the gas outlet of the exhaust pipe (9) is connected with the tail gas processing bottle (10), and the tail gas processing bottle (10) is arranged on the lower layer frame and is filled with tail gas absorption liquid.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the vibration mechanism is configured to vibrate the alfalfa seedsThe vibration frequency is 60Hz, and the vibration amplitude is 0.5 mm; conveying speed vmIs 0.14 m/s.
3. The system according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the vibration mechanism comprises an armature (17), an electromagnet (18), an elastic support (19), a housing (20) and a damping spring (21); the lower surface of the base (20) is connected with the upper layer frame through a damping spring (21), the bottom of the elastic supporting seat (19) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the base (20), and the bottom surface of the feeding groove (3) is fixedly connected with the top of the elastic supporting seat (19); armature (17) and electro-magnet (18) are located the inside of elastic support seat (19), and the rigid coupling of armature (17) and elastic support seat (19), electro-magnet (18) and frame (20) rigid coupling, and armature (17) and electro-magnet (18) all are located along the axis of feed trough (3) ejection of compact direction, make feed trough (3) produce the frequency incessantly vibration along feed trough (3) ejection of compact direction.
4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the treatment cabin (6) to the feed trough (3) is provided with a gastight rubber.
5. A system according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper surface of the plate (5) is provided with a shielding layer (23).
6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the polar plates (5) is aluminum alloy, the size is 250mm x 500mm, and the distance between the two polar plates (5) is 2.47 mm-40 mm.
7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame and plate mounting frame (25) is an aluminium profile; the insulating support (24) is made of nylon.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of batch processing 10kg of alfalfa seeds at a time; the treatment voltage was 18kV and the treatment time was 20 s.
9. A method for continuous treatment of plasma to break the dormancy of alfalfa seeds using the system of claims 1-8, characterized in that in the initial state, the gas valve (27) is in the closed state; adjusting the distance between the two polar plates (5) according to the size of the alfalfa seeds to be treated; the valve core (22) of the butterfly valve is in a horizontal position, and the material collecting bin (7) is in a closed state; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, intake air: according to different alfalfa seeds to be treated, mixed gas is input into the treatment cabin (6) from a gas storage tank (28) through a gas inlet pipe (12), and the mixed gas comprises 55-72% of nitrogen, 15-21% of oxygen and 5-10% of argon according to volume percentage, so that the treatment cabin (6) can achieve different alfalfa seed treatment environments;
s2, feeding: alfalfa seeds are placed in the feeding bin (1), and the alfalfa seeds fall into the feeding groove (3) from the feeding hopper (14) through the seed sowing device (13);
s3, vibrating to uniformly distribute: the vibration mechanism drives the feeding groove (3) to vibrate, so that the alfalfa seeds are uniformly paved into a layer on the feeding groove (3) and move towards the conveying belt (4);
s4, feeding: the alfalfa seeds which are flatly paved into a layer enter between the two polar plates (5) through the conveyor belt (4);
s5, treating seeds: starting a radio frequency power supply (11) and a radio frequency power supply matcher (29) to generate plasma between the two polar plates (5), wherein seeds pass through the two polar plates (5) at a constant speed;
s6, feeding: the treated seeds leave the plasma generation zone through a conveyor belt (4);
s7, aggregate: the treated alfalfa seeds fall into a material collecting bin (7);
s8, tail gas treatment: after the treatment is finished, the generated waste gas is discharged through an exhaust pipe (9) and is led into a tail gas absorption bottle (10) filled with solution;
s9, discharging: and after the treatment is finished, opening the butterfly valve (8) to rotate the valve core (22) so as to discharge the treated alfalfa seeds from the material collecting bin (7).
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the volume ratio of each gas in the mixed gas is: argon gas: nitrogen gas: oxygen 1:7: 2.
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| CN116806482A (en) * | 2023-08-16 | 2023-09-29 | 中国农业大学 | A negative pressure drainage socket excitation plasma seed treatment device and method |
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