CN113390022A - Fusion device charging valve box remote leakage monitoring and positioning system - Google Patents
Fusion device charging valve box remote leakage monitoring and positioning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN113390022A CN113390022A CN202110631242.0A CN202110631242A CN113390022A CN 113390022 A CN113390022 A CN 113390022A CN 202110631242 A CN202110631242 A CN 202110631242A CN 113390022 A CN113390022 A CN 113390022A
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- Prior art keywords
- valve box
- gas supply
- feeding valve
- pipeline
- positioning system
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- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001550 time effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于热核聚变堆运行技术，具体涉及一种聚变装置加料阀门箱远程泄漏监测定位系统，包括供气管道和外部的包容管，所述包容管上设有氮气出口管道以及若干个歧管，每个歧管端部设有加料阀门箱，每个加料阀门箱下端侧壁上加工入口作为氮气注入口；所述的供气管道上设有比歧管数量多一个的供气分管，一个供气分管位于所述氮气出口管道，另外的供气分管分别位于对应的歧管内且伸入到对应加料阀门箱内；所述的歧管上设有旁路管道，其连通加料阀门箱的氮气出口和歧管内部，能够远程监测并迅速定位泄漏阀门箱并隔断阀门箱。
The invention belongs to the operation technology of thermonuclear fusion reactors, and in particular relates to a remote leakage monitoring and positioning system for a charging valve box of a fusion device, which comprises a gas supply pipeline and an external containment pipe, and the containment pipe is provided with a nitrogen outlet pipe and several manifolds , the end of each manifold is provided with a feeding valve box, and the processing inlet on the side wall of the lower end of each feeding valve box is used as a nitrogen injection port; The gas supply branch pipe is located in the nitrogen outlet pipe, and the other gas supply branch pipes are respectively located in the corresponding manifold and extend into the corresponding feeding valve box; the manifold is provided with a bypass pipe, which is connected to the nitrogen gas of the feeding valve box. Inside the outlet and manifold, it is possible to remotely monitor and quickly locate leaking valve boxes and isolate the valve boxes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the operating technology of a thermonuclear fusion reactor, and particularly relates to a gas supply pipeline leakage monitoring and positioning system.
Background
In future thermonuclear fusion reactors, hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are used as fuels, and methods such as edge gas injection and shot injection are used for refueling. Fuels such as hydrogen, deuterium, tritium and the like are transported to the vicinity of the device from a gas storage and transportation system through a gas supply pipeline, and injected into the vacuum chamber after species selection, flow control or pellet preparation. Where tritium is radioactive, its leakage can be a safety hazard to personnel, so leakage monitoring of the gas supply lines is required during operation of the fusion plant.
According to the requirement of tritium safety protection, a secondary containing layer needs to be designed besides a primary containing pipeline directly contacting tritium of the gas supply system, so that tritium is prevented from being directly leaked into the environment. The space between the primary containment duct and the secondary containment layer, referred to as the plenum space, is typically filled with an inert gas (e.g., nitrogen) at a pressure below ambient. This is a typical feature of tritium-related operation devices. For the gas supply pipeline, the secondary containing layer can be designed into a pipeline with a larger diameter to surround a tritium primary containing pipe or a plurality of fuel gas primary containing pipelines together to form a composite pipeline; and the air supply control device near the device adopts a valve box as a secondary containing layer. For future fusion devices, multiple charging valve boxes are typically provided to enable multi-point injection or as backup valve boxes. The composite pipeline for supplying gas is designed into a manifold structure and supplies gas for a plurality of valve boxes simultaneously.
For the existing fusion device involving tritium, the detection of tritium leakage of a gas supply pipeline mainly comprises the step of periodically sending gas in an interlayer space into an analysis chamber of a tritium factory for tritium concentration analysis, and the time effect of leakage is obviously delayed. And if leakage is found, the position of a leakage injection point cannot be positioned, and the positions of the leakage points are only checked one by one through field leakage detection. For future fusion devices, the scale is larger, the design of a gas supply system and a tritium plant is more complex, and it is no longer feasible to directly identify the leakage of the gas supply system by means of an analysis system of the tritium plant. Because the control device of the gas supply pipeline is mainly positioned in the valve box, the leakage probability of various live connections is far greater than the probability of pipeline welding, the possibility that the leakage of the gas supply system occurs in the valve box can be presumed to be the greatest, and the leakage monitoring and positioning must be carried out on the charging valve box in the experimental operation process. However, the loading valve box is located near the device, high-energy neutrons and strong ionization radiation continuously exist in the surrounding environment, and personnel are strictly prohibited to enter and exit during the experiment operation. Even after shutdown, personnel are required to gain access to the environment for maintenance after the radiation dose in the environment has dropped to an acceptable threshold, meaning that for future fusion devices operating in steady state, it will take a long time to perform leak detection in the field.
The charging system is an essential system for the operation of a fusion device, how to realize the rapid leakage monitoring, positioning and isolation of a charging valve box in a remote mode so as to reduce unnecessary device shutdown events (abandoning the leakage valve box and ensuring the normal operation of a gas supply system) as far as possible, and is a problem which must be solved by the future fusion reactor charging system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fusion device charging valve box remote leakage monitoring and positioning system which can remotely monitor and quickly position a leakage valve box and isolate the valve box.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fusion device charging valve box remote leakage monitoring and positioning system comprises a gas supply pipeline and an external containing pipe, wherein a nitrogen outlet pipeline and a plurality of manifolds are arranged on the containing pipe, a charging valve box is arranged at the end part of each manifold, and a processing inlet on the side wall of the lower end of each charging valve box is used as a nitrogen filling port; the gas supply pipeline is provided with one more gas supply branch pipe than the manifolds, one gas supply branch pipe is positioned in the nitrogen outlet pipeline, and the other gas supply branch pipes are respectively positioned in the corresponding manifolds and extend into the corresponding charging valve boxes; the manifold is provided with a bypass pipeline which is communicated with a nitrogen outlet of the charging valve box and the inside of the manifold.
The air supply branch pipes in the manifold are a plurality of parallel branches which are branched from the air supply pipeline and are respectively N air supply pipelines and one emptying pipeline.
The N air supply pipelines are provided with pneumatic isolation valves D and C, the emptying pipeline is provided with a pneumatic isolation valve E, and the pipeline where all the parallel branches are collected is provided with a pressure sensor B.
And the bypass pipeline is provided with a pneumatic isolation valve B for opening or closing the bypass pipeline.
And a pneumatic isolating valve A is arranged on the pipeline where the nitrogen injection port is located and used for opening or closing the injection pipeline where the nitrogen injection port is located.
And a pressure sensor A is arranged on the gas supply branch pipe of the nitrogen outlet pipeline.
When the measured value of the pressure sensor A exceeds 0.95bar, all the pneumatic isolation valves D are closed, the pneumatic isolation valves C and the pneumatic isolation valves E are opened until the measured value of the pressure sensor B8 drops below 0.01bar, the pneumatic isolation valves E are closed, and if the signal of one pressure sensor B8 rises to 0.1bar and continues rising, the corresponding charging valve box is judged to have leakage.
And a gas monitor is arranged on the gas supply branch pipe of the nitrogen outlet pipeline.
When the volume concentration of hydrogen and deuterium detected by a gas monitor exceeds 1 percent VOL or the concentration of radioactivity of tritium detected exceeds 1E8Bq/m3And closing all the pneumatic isolation valves D, opening the pneumatic isolation valves C and E until the measured value of the pressure sensor B8 drops below 0.01bar, closing the pneumatic isolation valves E, and judging that the corresponding charging valve box has leakage if the signal of a certain pressure sensor B rises to 0.1bar and continues rising.
The measurement range of the pressure sensor B is 0-1 bar, and the measurement range of the pressure sensor A is 0-2 bar.
The emptying pipeline is in a vacuum state, and the vacuum degree is 1 Pa-100 Pa.
The working pressure range of the gas supply pipeline is 0.85 bar-0.92 bar.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
1. the charging valve box is communicated with the containing pipe through a bypass, the valve box is provided with a nitrogen injection port, a nitrogen outlet and a gas monitor are arranged near the end of the containing pipe, and nitrogen continuously flows to realize the real-time monitoring of gas components.
2. The pneumatic isolation valve is arranged after the gas supply pipeline enters the valve box, and the valve box can be communicated or separated from the gas supply pipeline, so that each valve box can be isolated from the whole gas supply system for leakage positioning, and the system can continue to operate after the leakage valve box is separated;
3. the gas supply pipeline is communicated or separated with the air exhaust pipeline by a pneumatic isolating valve in the valve box, so that the air exhaust and replacement of the gas supply pipeline can be realized.
4. The pressure sensor is arranged on the gas supply pipeline, and the pressure sensor is arranged on the connecting section of the gas supply pipeline and the emptying pipeline in the valve box.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fusion device charging valve box remote leakage monitoring and positioning system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the position structure of a charging valve box;
in the figure: 1. a charging valve box; 2. a nitrogen gas injection port; 3. a bypass pipeline, 4. a containing pipe, and 5. an air supply pipeline; 6. gas monitor, 7, pressure sensor A; 8. a pressure sensor B; 9. a pneumatic isolation valve A; 10. a pneumatic isolation valve B; 11. a pneumatic isolation valve C; 12. a pneumatic isolation valve D; 13. a pneumatic isolation valve E; 14. an air supply duct; 15. and (6) emptying the pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, fuel gas is supplied from a gas supply line 5 into a plurality of charging valve boxes 1.
The gas supply pipeline 5 is arranged in the containing pipe 4, the containing pipe 4 is provided with a nitrogen outlet pipeline and a plurality of manifolds, the end part of each manifold is provided with a charging valve box 1, and the side wall of the lower end of each charging valve box 1 is provided with a processing inlet as a nitrogen filling port 2.
Each branch gas supply pipe of the gas supply pipeline 5 extends into the charging valve box 1 in a manifold, and meanwhile, a bypass pipeline 3 is arranged on each manifold and communicated with a nitrogen outlet of the charging valve box 1 and the inside of the manifold;
and a pressure sensor A7 is arranged on the gas supply branch pipe of the gas supply pipeline 5 in the nitrogen outlet pipeline, and the measurement range of the pressure sensor A7 is 0-2 bar.
The working pressure of the air supply pipeline 5 is 0.9bar under the normal state, and the fluctuation range is 0.85 bar-0.92 bar. The alarm threshold is set at 0.95bar and if the pressure sensor a7 measures a value above this threshold, this indicates that the supply duct 5 is leaking.
The pressure sensor A7 and the two gas monitors 6 are positioned in the nitrogen outlet pipeline, the two gas monitors 6 are respectively a hydrogen monitor, a deuterium monitor and a tritium monitor and are respectively used for detecting the volume concentration of hydrogen and deuterium and the radioactive activity concentration of tritium, the alarm threshold of the hydrogen monitor and the deuterium monitor is set to be 1 percent VOL, and the alarm threshold of the tritium monitor is set to be 1E8Bq/m3。
If either of the two gas monitors 6 exceeds the corresponding alarm threshold, a leak in the gas supply line 5 is indicated.
As shown in fig. 2, a pneumatic isolation valve B10 is installed on each bypass pipe 3 for opening or closing the bypass pipe. A pneumatic isolation valve a9 is installed on the line on which the nitrogen gas injection port 2 is located, for opening or closing the injection line on which it is located.
The gas supply pipeline 5 is divided into three parallel branches corresponding to each charging valve box 1, namely two gas supply pipelines 14 and one emptying pipeline 15; two of the air supply pipelines 14 are respectively provided with a pneumatic isolation valve D12 and a pneumatic isolation valve C11, the emptying pipeline 15 is provided with a pneumatic isolation valve E13, and a pipeline at the convergence of the three parallel branches is provided with a pressure sensor B8.
The gas supply pipeline 5 enters the valve box from the top of the charging valve box 1, the bypass pipeline 3 is connected to a manifold of the containing pipe 4 from the top of the charging valve box 1, and the nitrogen injection port 2 is positioned near the bottom of the charging valve box 1. Considering that the leaked gas hydrogen is lighter than nitrogen and is easy to gather at the top of the valve box, the nitrogen is injected into the interlayer space of the charging valve box 1 from the nitrogen injection port 2 from bottom to top, then enters the interlayer space between the containing pipe 4 and the gas supply pipeline 5 from the bypass pipeline 3, and flows to the outlet after flowing through the gas monitor 6 along the containing pipe 4.
In the embodiment, according to detonation safety and radioactivity safety, the alarm threshold of the hydrogen and deuterium monitor is set to be 1% VOL, and the measurement range is 0-4% VOL; the alarm threshold of the tritium monitor is set to 1E8Bq/m3Measurement Range 1E4Bq/m3～1E10Bq/m3. Under the normal state, the display values of the hydrogen, deuterium and tritium monitors are all 0, and if the measured value exceeds a set threshold value, the leakage event which possibly endangers the safety of the corresponding gas supply pipeline occurs.
An air supply pipeline 14 and an emptying pipeline 15 are arranged on the air supply pipeline 5, wherein the number of the air supply pipelines 14 can be 1 or more, and 2 air supply pipelines are taken as an example in the figure. The plurality of gas supply lines 14 are joined in a valve box and then connected to an injection line for supplying gas to the vacuum chamber. The other branch is connected to an emptying pipeline 15, and the emptying pipeline 15 is in a vacuum state under a normal condition, and the vacuum degree is 1 Pa-100 Pa.
The pneumatic isolation valve C11 is used to select the feed gas to open and close, typically in a closed state, according to experimental requirements. Pneumatic isolation valve D12 is for leak positioning, normally in a normally open position. Another pressure sensor B8 is located at the merging section of the supply duct, normally at a pressure in the range 0.3bar to 0.4 bar.
When the measured value of either one of the two gas monitors 6 or the pressure sensor a7 exceeds the corresponding alarm threshold, all the pneumatic isolation valves D12 in the charging valve box 1 are remotely closed at once, and then the pneumatic isolation valve C11 and the pneumatic isolation valve E13 are opened. When the measurement from the pressure sensor B8 falls below 0.01bar, the pneumatic isolation valve E13 is closed and the signal from the corresponding pressure sensor B8 in each charging valve box 1 is continuously monitored in real time. If the signal of a certain pressure sensor B8 rises to 0.1bar (positioning alarm value) and continues rising, it indicates that the corresponding charging valve box 1 has leakage, thereby realizing the positioning of the leakage valve box.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110631242.0A CN113390022B (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | A remote leakage monitoring and positioning system for the charging valve box of a fusion device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110631242.0A CN113390022B (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | A remote leakage monitoring and positioning system for the charging valve box of a fusion device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN113390022A true CN113390022A (en) | 2021-09-14 |
| CN113390022B CN113390022B (en) | 2025-03-14 |
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| CN202110631242.0A Active CN113390022B (en) | 2021-06-07 | 2021-06-07 | A remote leakage monitoring and positioning system for the charging valve box of a fusion device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115681827A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-02-03 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for replacing and flushing interlayer gas of charging valve box |
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2021
- 2021-06-07 CN CN202110631242.0A patent/CN113390022B/en active Active
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| US20140283788A1 (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2014-09-25 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co. Kg | Fuel system with leakage detection means |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115681827A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2023-02-03 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for replacing and flushing interlayer gas of charging valve box |
| CN115681827B (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2024-07-16 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Device for replacing and flushing interlayer gas of charging valve box |
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| CN113390022B (en) | 2025-03-14 |
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