CN113356763A - Method and system for realizing space communication in sleeve - Google Patents
Method and system for realizing space communication in sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- CN113356763A CN113356763A CN202110769202.2A CN202110769202A CN113356763A CN 113356763 A CN113356763 A CN 113356763A CN 202110769202 A CN202110769202 A CN 202110769202A CN 113356763 A CN113356763 A CN 113356763A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/04—Directional drilling
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B29/00—Cutting or destroying pipes, packers, plugs or wire lines, located in boreholes or wells, e.g. cutting of damaged pipes, of windows; Deforming of pipes in boreholes or wells; Reconditioning of well casings while in the ground
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
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Abstract
The application relates to a method for realizing space communication in a sleeve, which comprises the following steps: calculating a shielding coefficient K of the sleeve; collecting data, and calculating a well deviation, a gravity tool surface, a gyro tool surface and an azimuth angle; removing zero bias of the alternating current magnetic signal; filtering the alternating current magnetic signal by using a window function to obtain alternating current magnetic field data after interference is removed; calculating to obtain an actual magnetic field sum according to the alternating-current magnetic field data; carrying out spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field sum to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum; calculating the relative positions of the drill bit and the probe; performing coordinate conversion according to the relative position to obtain a rectangular coordinate of the drill bit; the system for realizing space communication in the sleeve can guide the drill bit to accurately communicate the two spaces in the sleeve, and improves the accuracy of space communication.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of spatial communication, and more particularly, to a method and system for achieving spatial communication within a casing.
Background
In use in producing oil, coal or salt wells, there may be some old wells that have been cased and it is now necessary to utilize these old cased wells to communicate the cased well with other well bores. The related art employs measurement-while-drilling techniques to measure the relative position between the drill bit and the target well being communicated.
The measurement while drilling calculates the coordinates of the well through the depth, the inclination and the direction of the well, and calculates the relative position by using the coordinate data of the two wells, when the casing is installed in the target well, the casing interferes the magnetic signal to influence the measurement precision of the direction, and meanwhile, the influence of accumulated errors exists, and the precision is not high when the measurement while drilling technology is used for realizing the communication of the two wells in the casing.
With respect to the related art in the above, the inventors consider that the related art is not high in accuracy when communication of two wells is achieved within a casing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the precision of spatial communication in the casing, the application provides a method for realizing spatial communication in the casing, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
calculating a shielding coefficient K of the sleeve;
collecting data, and calculating a well deviation, a gravity tool surface, a gyro tool surface and an azimuth angle;
removing zero bias of the alternating current magnetic signal;
filtering the alternating current magnetic signal by using a window function to obtain alternating current magnetic field data after interference is removed;
calculating to obtain an actual magnetic field sum according to the alternating-current magnetic field data;
carrying out spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field sum to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum;
calculating the relative positions of the drill bit and the probe;
and carrying out coordinate conversion according to the relative position to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, among the technical scheme of this application, be provided with the gyroscope in the probe, the azimuth of probe is measured to the gyroscope to confirm the gesture of probe. And then, coordinate conversion is carried out according to the relative positions of the probe and the drill bit to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit, and the drill bit is positioned through the rectangular coordinate, so that the drill bit is accurately guided, and the guide precision of the drill bit is improved.
Preferably, the calculating the shielding coefficient K of the bushing specifically includes:
the casing is placed at the location to be detected and the probe is placed at the amplitude K1 of the magnetic signal detected within the casing.
After removal of the casing, the probe detects the magnetic signal amplitude K2 at the detected position.
Shielding coefficient of bushing
By adopting the technical scheme, the shielding coefficient of the sleeve is determined according to the ratio of K1 to K2, so that the influence of the sleeve on the magnetic signal is determined. According to the shielding coefficient of the sleeve, the actual alternating current magnetic signal data can be determined by combining the alternating current magnetic signal data detected by the probe, so that the actual magnetic field sum is calculated, and the detection precision of the alternating current magnetic signal is improved.
Preferably, the data acquisition specifically includes:
rotating the tool face of the drill bit to a specific position, and acquiring real-time data by the probe when the drill bit is static and the drill bit rotates respectively, wherein the real-time data comprises magnetic signal data and non-signal data;
the filter carries out filtering processing on the real-time data according to the frequency of the magnetic signal, removes non-signal data in the real-time data, obtains and stores magnetic signal data;
the well deviation, the gravity tool surface, the gyro tool surface and the azimuth angle are calculated, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
the gravity field components of the gravity acceleration g on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are gx、gy、gzThe components of the gyro precession vector on the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are wx、wyAnd wz；
The angle of inclination of the well alpha is,
gravity tool face θg，
Gyro tool surface thetaw，
The direction of the angle of orientation a,
By adopting the technical scheme, the frequency of the signal is different from that of the non-signal data, the filter can adopt a band-pass filter, the data of the non-signal part in the collected data is filtered out according to the frequency of the signal, the impurity signal is removed, and the purity of the signal is improved.
Preferably, the zero point removing bias for the alternating current signal specifically includes:
datn＝data-mean(data) (6)；
mean (data) represents zero-point bias data of the circuit, and data is alternating-current magnetic field data acquired by the three-axis fluxgate sensor on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis respectively.
By adopting the technical scheme, the direct current bias point of the circuit is removed by removing zero bias.
Preferably, the actual magnetic field sum is obtained by calculation according to the alternating-current magnetic field data, and specifically comprises:
in the sleeve, A 'is respectively obtained after the three-axis fluxgate sensor detects that the zero point offset of the magnetic field components of the alternating-current magnetic field on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis is removed'x、A′yAnd A'zK is the shielding coefficient of the casing, min (at) represents the minimum value for obtaining the actual magnetic field sum:
At＝At/min(At) (9)。
by adopting the technical scheme, the drill bit generates a magnetic field after rotating, the triaxial fluxgate sensor detects the components of the magnetic field on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis At the detected position in the sleeve, and the actual value At of the magnetic field is obtained according to the formulas (7), (8) and (9) by combining the shielding coefficient K of the sleeve, so that the sum of the actual magnetic field is accurately measured in the sleeve.
Preferably, performing spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum, specifically: and obtaining the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field and At by adopting a discrete spectrum correction energy center-of-gravity method.
By adopting the technical scheme, the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field and At are obtained by a discrete spectrum correction energy center-of-gravity method, and the analysis precision of the discrete spectrum is improved.
Preferably, the calculating the relative position of the drill bit and the probe specifically comprises:
the ball coordinate of the probe is
r、
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
the following formula (12) or formula (13) is adopted for θ:
θ＝-PA/2 (12)；
in the formulae (10), (11), (12), M representsA magnetic moment; FA represents the amplitude of the actual magnetic field sum; PA represents the phase of the actual magnetic field sum; atminRepresents the minimum of the actual magnetic field sum; r represents the linear distance between the drill bit and the probe;
converting magnetic field components generated by the magnetic field on 3 coordinate axes from the probe coordinate system to a drill bit coordinate system, and carrying out Fourier transform on the magnetic field component data in the drill bit coordinate system to obtain the amplitude a of the magnetic field components on X, Y, Z coordinate axesx、ay、azAnd phase, the phase of the obtained magnetic field component on X, Y axis minus the phase of the magnetic field component on Z axis is recorded as
Wherein, the Z-axis is taken as a reference signal, and the phase of the Z-axis is 0.
By adopting the technical scheme, the relative positions of the probe and the drill bit are determined in the spherical coordinate system, the linear distance between the probe and the drill bit is included, the relative angle between the probe and the drill bit is included, accurate data basis is provided for adjusting the drilling direction and the drilling distance of the drill bit, the accuracy of guiding the drill bit is improved, and the accuracy of communicating two spaces is improved.
Preferably, according to the relationship between the spherical coordinate system and the rectangular coordinate system, the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit is obtained by performing coordinate conversion according to the relative position:
by adopting the technical scheme, through the conversion of rectangular coordinates and spherical coordinates, the rectangular coordinates of the drill bit are determined in the rectangular coordinate system, the relative positions of the probe and the drill bit are determined, data basis is provided for adjusting the drilling direction and the drilling distance of the drill bit, and the drilling precision is improved when the two spaces are communicated.
In a second aspect, a system for achieving spatial communication within a casing includes a drill bit; a magnet is fixed on the drill bit and rotates to generate an alternating current magnetic signal;
the system for realizing the space communication in the sleeve further comprises a probe, a driller display and a computer which are in communication connection; the probe comprises a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial gravity acceleration sensor, a triaxial fluxgate sensor and a temperature sensor;
the probe is connected with an alternating current magnetic signal generated by the magnet;
the system for realizing the space communication in the casing executes the method for realizing the space communication in the casing to calculate the relative positions of the drill bit and the probe, and guides the drill bit to communicate the two spaces.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the probe is placed in the sleeve, the components w of the precession vector of the three-axis gyroscope on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axisx、wyAnd wzThe precession vector of the three-axis gyroscope is not influenced by the sleeve, and the azimuth angle is accurately calculated according to the precession vector of the three-axis gyroscope so as to determine the posture of the probe.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) according to the technical scheme, after the three-axis gyroscope is placed in the sleeve, the components of precession vectors of the three-axis gyroscope on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis are w respectivelyx、wyAnd wzThe precession vector of the three-axis gyroscope is not influenced by the sleeve and is calibrated according to the precession vector of the three-axis gyroscopeThe azimuth is calculated to determine the pose of the probe.
The posture of the drill bit is provided by a drilling instrument behind the drill bit, the posture of the probe is determined by calculating the azimuth angle, after the postures of the probe and the drill bit are determined, the alternating current magnetic field data acquired by the probe can be converted into a drill bit coordinate system through coordinate conversion, and the relative position of the probe and the drill bit is accurately determined by utilizing a magnetic field formula, so that the drill bit is accurately guided, the drilling precision of the drill bit is improved, and the communication precision of two spaces is improved.
(2) The utility model provides a system of space intercommunication is realized in sleeve pipe, through the alternating current signal who gathers rotatory magnet and produce, utilize the magnetic field principle to calculate the relative position between drill bit and the target spot and survey the relative distance of drill bit to the target well, when using rotatory magnet positioning technique to carry out relative position measurement, every measurement all independently goes on, the error of every measurement all is the single-point measurement error when measuring, the error does not propagate and does not accumulate, can not produce the accumulative error with the increase of well depth along with going on of drilling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of achieving spatial communication within a casing according to embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of data acquisition of embodiment 1 of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a system for achieving spatial communication within a casing according to embodiment 2 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-3 and the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
When the related art is used for drilling, a sleeve arranged in a well can shield a magnetic signal emitted by a drill bit end, and the precision of a probe detecting the magnetic signal is influenced by the sleeve, so that the probe cannot accurately detect the position of the drill bit, the relative position of the probe and the drill bit cannot be accurately determined, and the precision of space communication is influenced. In the related technology, the azimuth angle of the probe is calculated according to the components of the magnetic field in 3 coordinate axes, and the sleeve influences the magnetic measurement during measurement, so that the determination of the azimuth angle is finally influenced, and the accurate determination of the relative position of the drill bit and the probe is influenced.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present embodiment discloses a method for achieving spatial communication within a casing, comprising the steps of:
step S1: the specific calculation of the shielding coefficient K of the sleeve is as follows:
the casing is placed at the location to be detected and the probe is placed at the amplitude K1 of the magnetic signal detected within the casing.
After removal of the casing, the probe detects the magnetic signal amplitude K2 at the detected position.
Shielding coefficient of bushing
In this embodiment, for example, two wells are communicated, the communicated old well is used as a target well, the probe is placed in the communicated target well, the drill bit rotates in the new well, the drill bit and the magnet joint are connected together by screw threads, the magnet is fixed on the magnet joint by a snap spring, and the magnet generates a changing magnetic field along with the rotation of the drill bit.
When the shielding coefficient K of the sleeve is measured, the probe is placed at a fixed detection position on the ground, and the amplitude of a magnetic signal generated by the rotation of a detected magnet is 1. Then, the sleeve is placed at the detection position, the probe is placed in the sleeve, the amplitude of the magnetic signal generated by the rotation of the magnet detected by the probe in the sleeve is 0.3, and the shielding coefficient K of the sleeve is 0.3/1.
According to the actual use condition, the shielding coefficients of a plurality of sleeves with different lengths can be measured and calculated respectively, and then the average value is taken as the shielding coefficient of the sleeve, so that the accuracy of the measured shielding coefficient of the sleeve is improved.
Step S2: and collecting data, and calculating the well deviation, the gravity tool surface, the gyro tool surface and the azimuth angle.
Wherein, the data acquisition specifically comprises:
step S11: the tool face of the drill bit is rotated to a specific position, and the probe acquires real-time data when the drill bit is static and the drill bit rotates respectively, wherein the real-time data comprises magnetic signal data and non-signal data.
Step S12: and the filter carries out filtering processing on the real-time data according to the frequency of the magnetic signal, removes non-signal data in the real-time data, obtains and stores the magnetic signal data.
In this embodiment, the specific position, namely the toolface 0 position, is the position where the toolface of the bit is located when the bit and magnet are not rotating. When the magnet is stationary, the probe will pick up a noise signal. After the magnet rotates, the probe rod detects a magnetic signal generated by the rotating magnet and receives a noise signal generated when the magnet rotates. The frequency of the noise signal is different from that of the magnetic signal, so that the noise signal can be filtered by a band-pass filter to obtain an effective magnetic signal, and effective magnetic signal data can be stored.
Wherein, calculating well deviation, gravity tool face, gyro tool face and azimuth specifically is:
the probe comprises a triaxial acceleration sensor, a triaxial fluxgate sensor and a triaxial gyroscope.
The components of the gravity acceleration g measured by the three-axis acceleration sensor on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are g respectivelyx、gy、gzThe components of the gyro precession vector measured by the three-axis gyroscope on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are w respectivelyx、wyAnd wz。
The angle of inclination of the well alpha is,
gravity tool face θg，
Gyro tool surface thetaw，
The azimuth angle a is calculated by a gyroscope to display the posture of the probe, and the specific formula is as follows:
the direction of the angle of orientation a,
The related technology adopts the components g of the gravity acceleration g on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axisx、gy、gzAnd components H of the earth magnetic field H on the X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axisx、Hy、HzAnd calculating to obtain the azimuth angle a.
However, in practical application, due to the existence of the sleeve, the triaxial fluxgate sensor is influenced by the sleeve in the sleeve, and H acquired by the triaxial fluxgate sensorx、Hy、HzThe calculation of the azimuth angle a is inaccurate.
Step S3: the method comprises the following steps of performing zero point bias on alternating current magnetic signal data to obtain the alternating current magnetic signal data after bias removal, and specifically comprises the following steps:
datn＝data-mean(data)； (6)
mean (data) represents zero offset data of the circuit, and data is alternating current magnetic field data acquired by the three-axis fluxgate sensor on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis respectively;
in the present embodiment, the average value of the alternating-current magnetic field data is subtracted from the current alternating-current magnetic field data, thereby removing the zero-point offset data in the alternating-current magnetic field data.
Step S4: filtering the alternating current magnetic signal data by using a window function to obtain alternating current magnetic field data after interference is removed;
in this embodiment, a hamming window function is adopted to filter the ac magnetic signal data, the ac magnetic signal corresponds to a frequency range, and the interference signal outside the frequency range is filtered out to obtain the ac magnetic field data from which the interference is removed.
Step S5: calculating according to the alternating current magnetic field data to obtain an actual magnetic field sum, which is specifically as follows: in the sleeve, the three-axis fluxgate sensor detects that the magnetic field components of the alternating-current magnetic field on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are respectively A'x、A′yAnd A'zThe shielding factor of the bushing is K.
Calculating to obtain the actual values A of the magnetic field on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis according to the formula (7)x、Ay、AzAnd At is the actual magnetic field sum detected by the probe At the detection position.
At＝At/min(At) (9)。
In the embodiment, a triaxial fluxgate sensor is used for detecting magnetic signals in the casing, magnetic field component data Ax, Ay and Az of the magnetic field of the probe At the actual placement position on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis are calculated by combining the shielding coefficient of the casing, and the actual magnetic field and At of the probe At the actual placement position are calculated according to Ax, Ay and Az. The actual magnetic field sum At is processed according to equation (9), and the range of the actual magnetic field sum is limited to [1, 2 ].
Step S6: carrying out spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field sum to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum;
in this embodiment, the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field and At are obtained by using a discrete spectrum correction energy center of gravity method.
Amplitude of
Phase position
KiIs the energy recovery coefficient; y isiIs the ith spectral line value of the power spectrum; x is the number of0Is the center of the main lobe; f. ofsIs the sampling frequency; the number of the spectrum points is N; the spectral line number of the peak value in the main lobe is m; real part bit R of FFT signalmImaginary part of Im。
Step S7: the relative position of the drill bit and the probe is calculated, and the spherical coordinate of the probe is
r、
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
for the angle θ, the calculation can be performed with reference to the formula (12) or the formula (13), specifically as follows:
θ＝-PA/2 (12)；
in equations (10), (11), (12), M represents a magnetic moment; the amplitude of the magnetic signal FA; a phase PA of the magnetic signal; atminRepresents the minimum of the actual magnetic field sum; r represents the linear distance between the drill bit and the probe;
representing the spatial angle and theta the projection angle.
In formula (13), the magnetic field components generated by the magnetic field on 3 coordinate axes are converted from the probe coordinate system to the drill bit coordinate system, and the fourier transform calculation is performed on the data of the magnetic field components in the drill bit coordinate system to obtain the amplitude a of the magnetic field components on X, Y, Z three coordinate axesx、ay、azAnd phase, the phase of the obtained magnetic field component on X, Y axis minus the phase of the magnetic field component on Z axis is recorded as
Wherein, the Z-axis is taken as a reference signal, and the phase of the Z-axis is 0.
The probe coordinate system is: the axial direction of the probe is taken as a Z axis, the high side direction of the probe is taken as an X axis, and the Y axis, the X axis and the Z axis form a right-hand coordinate system.
The drill coordinate system is: the advancing direction of the drill bit is taken as the Z axis, the horizontal upward direction is taken as the X axis, and the horizontal rightward direction is taken as the Y axis.
The coordinate conversion formula between the probe coordinate system and the drill coordinate system is as follows:
step S8: and carrying out coordinate conversion according to the relative position to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit.
The conversion matrix of the probe coordinate system and the geographic coordinate system XYZ is as follows:
wherein, a, alpha, thetaiThe azimuth angle, the well inclination angle and the tool face angle of the probe are respectively.
The conversion matrix between the drill bit end coordinate system UVW and the geographic coordinate system XYZ is as follows:
the positions and the well inclination angles of the magnets on the A 'and I' drill bits can be measured by a measurement-while-drilling instrument close to the drill bit end.
[U V W]T＝C2 TC1 TC1 -1C2 -1C3 -1[x y z]T (23)
And (3) converting the magnetic field components measured by the probe end according to the (21), (22) and (23), and calculating the projection angle theta according to a formula (13) by using the conversion result.
According to the linear distance r between the drill bit and the probe, the space angle
Calculating the projection angle theta to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit:
the cartesian coordinates of the probe to x, y and z can be calculated according to equations (14), (15), (16).
In this embodiment, the components w of the precession vector of the gyro in the X, Y and Z axes are usedx、wyAnd wzAnd the components g of the gravity acceleration g on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axisx、gy、gzThe azimuth angle a is calculated.
The triaxial acceleration sensor and the triaxial gyroscope are not influenced by the sleeve, and g obtained by measurementx、gy、gzAnd wx、wyAnd wzThe accuracy of the method is not influenced by the sleeve, so that the azimuth angle a can be accurately calculated, and the posture of the probe can be accurately determined.
After the relative positions of the probe and the drill bit are determined according to the formulas (10), (11), (12) or (13), and after the posture of the probe is determined according to the formula (5), coordinate conversion is performed according to the formulas (21), (22) and (23), and the rectangular coordinates of the drill bit can be accurately determined through the coordinate conversion.
Through the rectangular coordinate who confirms the drill bit to accurate guide drill bit improves the drill bit precision of punching, improves the precision of two space intercommunications.
The straight-line distance between the drill bit and the probe can be determined through r. Through angle theta and angle
And determining the azimuth relationship between the drill bit and the probe. The drill bit is arranged according to the angle theta and the angle
And the drilling direction is adjusted, the drill bit is drilled according to the distance r, the drill bit is ensured to accurately drill into the target well where the probe rod is positioned, the drill bit is guided to accurately communicate with the target well in the sleeve, and the space communication precision is improved.
Embodiment 2, referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a system for achieving spatial communication within a casing, comprising a drill bit 1; a magnet is fixed to the drill bit 1, and the magnet rotates to generate an alternating current magnetic signal. The system for realizing the space communication in the sleeve further comprises a probe, a driller display 6 and a computer 7 which are in communication connection; the probe comprises a triaxial gyroscope 2, a triaxial gravity acceleration sensor 3, a triaxial fluxgate sensor 4 and a temperature sensor 5.
The probe is connected with an alternating current magnetic signal generated by the magnet. The system for realizing the space communication in the casing executes the method for realizing the space communication in the casing to calculate the relative positions of the drill bit 1 and the probe, and guides the drill bit to communicate the two spaces.
The probe sends the acquired data to the driller display 6 and the computer 7 in time, and the driller display 6 displays the received data in real time.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the application in any way, and any features disclosed in this specification (including the abstract and drawings) may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (9)
1. A method of achieving spatial communication within a casing, comprising the steps of:
calculating a shielding coefficient K of the sleeve;
collecting data, and calculating a well deviation, a gravity tool surface, a gyro tool surface and an azimuth angle;
removing zero bias of the alternating current magnetic signal;
filtering the alternating current magnetic signal by using a window function to obtain alternating current magnetic field data after interference is removed;
calculating to obtain an actual magnetic field sum according to the alternating-current magnetic field data;
carrying out spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field sum to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum;
calculating the relative positions of the drill bit and the probe;
and carrying out coordinate conversion according to the relative position to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit.
2. The method of achieving spatial communication within a casing of claim 1, wherein: the calculating of the shielding coefficient K of the sleeve specifically comprises the following steps:
placing the casing at the detected position, and placing the probe at the detected magnetic signal amplitude K1 in the casing;
after the casing is removed, the magnetic signal amplitude K2 detected by the probe at the detected position;
shielding coefficient of bushing
3. The method of achieving spatial communication within a casing of claim 2, wherein: the data acquisition specifically comprises the following steps:
rotating the tool face of the drill bit to a specific position, and acquiring real-time data by the probe when the drill bit is static and the drill bit rotates respectively, wherein the real-time data comprises magnetic signal data and non-signal data;
the filter carries out filtering processing on the real-time data according to the frequency of the magnetic signal, removes non-signal data in the real-time data, obtains and stores magnetic signal data;
the well deviation, the gravity tool surface, the gyro tool surface and the azimuth angle are calculated, and specifically the method comprises the following steps:
the gravity field components of the gravity acceleration g on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are gx、gy、gzThe components of the gyro precession vector on the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are wx、wyAnd wz；
The angle of inclination of the well alpha is,
gravity tool face θg，
Gyro tool surface thetaw，
The direction of the angle of orientation a,
4. A method of achieving spatial communication within a casing as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the zero point removing bias for the alternating current magnetic signal specifically comprises the following steps:
datn＝data-mean(data) (6)；
mean (data) represents zero-point bias data of the circuit, and data is alternating-current magnetic field data acquired by the three-axis fluxgate sensor on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis respectively.
5. The method of achieving spatial communication within a cannula of claim 4 wherein: the actual magnetic field sum is obtained by calculation according to the alternating-current magnetic field data, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the sleeve, A 'is respectively obtained after the three-axis fluxgate sensor detects that the zero point offset of the magnetic field components of the alternating-current magnetic field on the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis is removed'x、A′yAnd A'zK is the shielding coefficient of the casing, min (at) represents the minimum value for obtaining the actual magnetic field sum:
At＝At/min(At) (9)。
6. the method of achieving spatial communication within a cannula of claim 5, wherein: performing spectrum correction on the actual magnetic field sum to obtain the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field sum, specifically:
and obtaining the amplitude FA and the phase PA of the actual magnetic field and At by adopting a discrete spectrum correction energy center-of-gravity method.
7. The method of achieving spatial communication within a cannula of claim 6, wherein: the relative position of the drill bit and the probe is calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the ball coordinate of the probe is
r、
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
the following formula (12) or formula (13) is adopted for θ:
θ＝-PA/2 (12)；
in equations (10), (11), (12), M represents a magnetic moment; FA represents the amplitude of the actual magnetic field sum; PA represents the phase of the actual magnetic field sum; atminRepresents the minimum of the actual magnetic field sum; r represents the linear distance between the drill bit and the probe;
represents a spatial angle, θ represents a projection angle;
converting magnetic field components generated by the magnetic field on 3 coordinate axes from the probe coordinate system to a drill bit coordinate system, and performing Fourier transform calculation on the data of the magnetic field components in the drill bit coordinate system to obtain the amplitude a of the magnetic field components on X, Y, Z coordinate axesx、ay、azAnd phase, the phase of the obtained magnetic field component on X, Y axis minus the phase of the magnetic field component on Z axis is recorded as
Wherein, the Z-axis is taken as a reference signal, and the phase of the Z-axis is 0.
8. The method of achieving spatial communication within a cannula of claim 7, wherein: according to the relation between the spherical coordinate system and the rectangular coordinate system, performing coordinate conversion according to the relative position to obtain the rectangular coordinate of the drill bit:
9. a system for providing spatial communication within a casing, comprising: comprises a drill bit; a magnet is fixed on the drill bit and rotates to generate an alternating current magnetic signal;
the system for realizing the space communication in the sleeve further comprises a probe, a driller display and a computer which are in communication connection; the probe comprises a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial gravity acceleration sensor, a triaxial fluxgate sensor and a temperature sensor;
the probe is connected with an alternating current magnetic signal generated by the magnet;
the system for realizing space communication in the casing executes the method for realizing space communication in the casing of any one of claims 1 to 8 to calculate the relative positions of the drill bit and the probe, and guides the drill bit to communicate the two spaces.
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