CN113339005B - Tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure and horizontal construction method thereof - Google Patents
Tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure and horizontal construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113339005B CN113339005B CN202110632181.XA CN202110632181A CN113339005B CN 113339005 B CN113339005 B CN 113339005B CN 202110632181 A CN202110632181 A CN 202110632181A CN 113339005 B CN113339005 B CN 113339005B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 193
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 81
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/107—Reinforcing elements therefor; Holders for the reinforcing elements
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- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure and a horizontal construction method thereof, wherein the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure comprises the following components: the profile steel closed ring is provided with a plurality of layers; the section steel supporting member supports the section steel closed ring of each layer; and the filling material is filled and wrapped outside the section steel closed ring and the section steel supporting member to form an annular structure body. The horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of structure positioning, bottom template installation, support installation, profile steel installation, on-site spraying and mixing and form removal maintenance. The constructed spraying and mixing structure is more suitable for the field, the field construction and the mode are flexible, the conventional or special-shaped spraying and mixing structures with different sizes can be economically and quickly constructed, the physical and mechanical characteristics of primary support can be conveniently and scientifically researched by a system, the influence of different primary support thicknesses, framework types, concrete strength and the like on the primary support structure can be researched, and the research result can guide the construction. In addition, the template is convenient to assemble and disassemble, the materials are easy to take and can be repeatedly used, and the prefabrication cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preliminary tunnel support, in particular to a preliminary tunnel support spraying and mixing structure and a horizontal construction method thereof.
Background
The primary support is a stable main bearing structure of the tunnel, is a flexible structure closely attached to surrounding rocks and a main support means for controlling deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rocks, and the secondary lining is built under the condition that the deformation of the surrounding rocks and the primary support is basically stable, and the primary support is a foundation of the secondary lining. According to different grades of surrounding rocks, the primary support form can be shotcrete, anchor rods + shotcrete, section steel + anchor rods + meshes + shotcrete and the like.
At present, the research and analysis on the strength and deformation of primary support are usually based on field monitoring data, most of the research and analysis are only based on the stress and deformation characteristics of the inner surface of a primary support structure, and the influence of different primary support thicknesses, framework types, concrete strength and the like on the primary support structure cannot be systematically researched and compared, so that related indoor similarity simulation or full-scale tests are very necessary to be carried out, most of the existing indoor tests adopt building and whole-ring pouring, and cast-in-place structures and spray-mixed structures are greatly different in material components, construction methods and maintenance modes, so that a primary support spray-mixed structure more fitting to the field and a construction method thereof are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure which is more suitable for a site and is convenient for carrying out related tests; the invention also aims to provide a horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure, which can economically and quickly construct conventional or special-shaped spray-mixed structures with different sizes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the primary tunnel supporting and spraying structure adopts the following technical scheme:
a tunnel preliminary bracing spouts mixed structure includes:
the profile steel closed ring is provided with a plurality of layers, the plurality of layers of profile steel closed rings are arranged at intervals up and down, and each layer of profile steel closed ring is formed by splicing a plurality of profile steel sections;
the section steel supporting member is used for supporting the section steel closed ring of each layer;
and the filling material is filled and wrapped outside the section steel closed ring and the section steel supporting member to form an annular structure body.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the spray mixing structure comprises the section steel closed ring, a section steel supporting member and a filling material, wherein the section steel closed ring is provided with a plurality of layers, and the section steel closed ring of each layer is formed by splicing a plurality of section steel sections, so that the section steel closed ring is conveniently manufactured; the profile steel supporting member is convenient for supporting the profile steel closed ring on each layer; the filling material is filled and wrapped outside the section steel closed ring and the section steel supporting member to form an annular structure body, so that a spraying and mixing structure which is more fit with a field is formed, and related tests are conveniently carried out.
In order to achieve the purpose, the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure adopts the following technical scheme:
a horizontal construction method of a tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure comprises the following steps: structure positioning, bottom template installation, support installation, profile steel installation, on-site spraying and mixing and form removal maintenance;
wherein, the structure location process includes: firstly, hardening and leveling a field, then determining a central point, and drawing a contour line of the spray mixing structure on the field by combining a design drawing and measuring equipment;
the bottom template installation process comprises the following steps: arranging a bottom template along the contour line;
the support installation process includes: arranging a support along the bottom form, the support comprising a bottom rail;
the installation process of the section steel comprises the following steps: firstly, mounting bottom section steel, placing the bottom section steel on a bottom cross bar of a support, then mounting a second layer of cross bar above the bottom section steel on the support, then mounting second layer section steel, placing the second layer of section steel on the second layer of cross bar, and repeating the above processes until all layers of cross bars and all layers of section steel are mounted, wherein all layers of section steel are section steel closed rings, and each section steel closed ring is formed by splicing a plurality of section steel segments;
the on-site spraying and mixing process comprises the following steps: performing operation according to the principle of spraying and mixing layer by layer from bottom to top, and adjusting the spraying angle in real time to enable concrete to be filled and wrapped outside each layer of section steel and form an annular structure body;
the form removal and maintenance process comprises the following steps: after the annular structure body reaches the set strength, removing the template and maintaining in time, and then carrying out related tests;
the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure further comprises a side template installation process, wherein the side template installation process is positioned after the bottom template installation process or the section steel installation process, the side template installation process comprises the step of installing the side template on the bottom template, and the side template is perpendicular to the bottom template and is fixed with the bottom template through a connecting piece.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are that: the structure positioning process can provide a hardened and flat field for the installation of the bottom template and a contour line for the installation of the bottom template, so that the installation of the bottom template is facilitated, and the installation efficiency and the installation precision are ensured; the installation of the bottom template provides a foundation and a reference for the arrangement of the bracket; the installation of support provides the support for the shaped steel installation, and the support only includes the bottom horizontal pole originally, place after the bottom shaped steel on the bottom horizontal pole, again at a shelf location second floor horizontal pole, then install second floor shaped steel, analogize with this, until having installed each layer horizontal pole and each layer shaped steel, accomplish the shaped steel installation process promptly, and each layer shaped steel is shaped steel closed ring, shaped steel closed ring is formed by the concatenation of a plurality of shaped steel segment, just so can the installation of one, make things convenient for the formation of shaped steel closed ring.
The side template is perpendicular to the bottom template and fixed with the bottom template by adopting a connecting piece after the bottom template or the section steel is installed in the side template installing process, and the side template is equivalent to the inner wall of the tunnel and is convenient for filling and forming concrete on one side; in the field spraying and mixing process, concrete is filled and wrapped outside each layer of section steel to form a ring-shaped structure body, and the form of a field spraying and mixing structure is simulated; after the annular structure body reaches the set strength, the template is removed and timely maintained, and then relevant tests are carried out, so that the influence of different primary support thicknesses, framework types, concrete strength and the like on the primary support structure can be researched.
The tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure constructed by the method disclosed by the invention is more suitable for the site, the site construction and the mode are flexible, the conventional or special-shaped spray-mixed structures with different sizes can be economically and rapidly constructed, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the primary support can be conveniently and scientifically researched by a system, and the research results can guide the construction. In addition, the template is convenient to assemble and disassemble, the materials are easy to take and can be repeatedly used, and the prefabrication cost is low.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the arrangement of the supports and the installation of cross rods of each layer and ensure the manufacturing efficiency of the spraying and mixing structure, a plurality of supports are independently arranged and are arranged at intervals along the bottom template; each support comprises two support legs and upright posts respectively connected with the two support legs, the support legs are placed on the bottom template, and each layer of cross rods is fixedly connected between the two upright posts; the concrete is filled and wrapped outside each bracket.
Furthermore, in order to reduce the volume of the structural steel supporting component left in the concrete, the support is scaffolds respectively erected on the inner side and the outer side of the bottom template, each scaffold comprises a vertical pipe and a plurality of layers of transverse pipes which are fixedly connected with the vertical pipe and are arranged at intervals up and down, each layer of transverse rods is respectively erected on each layer of transverse pipes of the two scaffolds correspondingly, each layer of transverse rods penetrates through the side template, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side template; the concrete is filled and wrapped on the local outer part of each layer of cross bars, and the annular structure body is positioned between the two scaffolds; the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure further comprises a cross bar cutting process of cutting the exposed cross bars after the side templates are removed.
Further, in order to make the manufacturing more flexible, the bottom formworks at the support positions are erected on the support under the condition that the support exists at the bottom of the spraying and mixing structure, the bottom formworks at other positions are erected on the supporting tube at the bottom of the scaffold, and the elevation of each bottom formwork is guaranteed to be consistent.
Furthermore, in order to improve the structural rigidity of the side template, after the side template is installed, a plurality of back ridges are installed on the outer side of the side template at intervals, and then steel bars or anchor cables are adopted to surround each back ridge to be tensioned and fastened.
Further, in order to improve the structural rigidity of the sideform, a plurality of diagonal braces are installed at intervals outside the sideform after the sideform is installed.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate connection between the section steel sections, end plates are respectively fixed at two ends of the section steel sections, and adjacent end plates are fixedly connected through bolts.
Furthermore, in order to facilitate the installation of each layer of section steel and ensure the installation precision, when the bottom layer section steel is installed, the first section steel section of the bottom layer section steel is positioned by three points, namely, the distances from the left end point, the middle point and the right end point of the inner side of the first section steel section to the central point are controlled within a reasonable range, the left end point and the right end point of the two section steel sections are retested after the second section steel section is installed, the installed section steel sections are retested every time a new section steel section is installed, and the section steel sections are timely adjusted until the last section steel section is assembled; the installation mode of a first section steel section of the second layer section steel is the same as that of the bottom layer section steel, three-point positioning is needed, and the rest section steel sections are adjusted and positioned by a plumb bob or a level according to the bottom layer section steel until the layer section steel is assembled; and then, referring to the second layer of section steel, installing the rest layers of section steel.
Further, in order to make the manufacturing more flexible, an anchor hole sleeve needs to be installed in advance before spraying and mixing on the spot for a structure needing to install an anchor rod at the later stage, one end of the anchor hole sleeve penetrates through a hole formed in the side template in advance, and the other end of the anchor hole sleeve is bound to a steel bar welded between the upper layer of profile steel and the lower layer of profile steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the processes of structure positioning, bottom formwork installation, side formwork installation and section steel installation in embodiment 1 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure of the invention (wherein FIG. 1 (a) is the structure positioning, FIG. 1 (b) is the bottom formwork and side formwork installation, FIG. 1 (c) is the first section steel installation, FIG. 1 (d) is the second section steel installation, FIG. 1 (e) is the penultimate section steel installation, and FIG. 1 (f) is the last section steel installation);
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of bottom formwork installation, side formwork installation, support installation, section steel installation, on-site spray mixing and form removal in an embodiment 1 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray mixing structure of the invention (wherein FIG. 2 (a) is bottom formwork and side formwork installation; FIG. 2 (b) is support installation; FIG. 2 (c) is bottom section steel installation; FIG. 2 (d) is second-layer cross bar installation; FIG. 2 (e) is second-layer section steel installation; FIG. 2 (f) is concrete injection; FIG. 2 (g) is form removal);
FIG. 3 is a corresponding sectional view of FIG. 2 (wherein FIG. 3 (a) is a sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 2 (a), (FIG. 3 (B) is a sectional view taken along line B-B in FIG. 2 (B), (FIG. 3 (C) is a sectional view taken along line C-C in FIG. 2 (C), (FIG. 3 (D) is a sectional view taken along line D-D in FIG. 2 (D), (FIG. 3 (E) is a sectional view taken along line E-E in FIG. 2 (E), (FIG. 3 (F) is a sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 2 (F)), and FIG. 3 (G) is a sectional view taken along line G-G in FIG. 2 (G));
FIG. 4 is a partial schematic view of bottom formwork installation, side formwork installation, support installation, section steel installation, on-site spraying and mixing and form removal in embodiment 2 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure of the invention (wherein FIG. 4 (a) is formwork and scaffold installation, FIG. 4 (b) is bottom cross bar installation, FIG. 4 (c) is bottom section steel installation, FIG. 4 (d) is second layer cross bar and second layer section steel installation, FIG. 4 (e) is top cross bar and top section steel installation, FIG. 4 (f) is concrete spraying, and FIG. 4 (g) is formwork and scaffold removal);
FIG. 5 is a corresponding sectional view of FIG. 4 (wherein FIG. 5 (a) is a sectional view taken along the direction H-H in FIG. 4 (a), (FIG. 5 (b) is a sectional view taken along the direction I-I in FIG. 4 (b), (FIG. 5 (c) is a sectional view taken along the direction J-J in FIG. 4 (c), (FIG. 5 (d) is a sectional view taken along the direction K-K in FIG. 4 (d), (FIG. 5 (e) is a sectional view taken along the direction L-L in FIG. 4 (e), (FIG. 5 (f) is a sectional view taken along the direction M-M in FIG. 4 (f)), and FIG. 5 (g) is a sectional view taken along the direction N-N in FIG. 4 (g));
FIG. 6 is a joining structure diagram of adjacent section steel segments;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line O-O of FIG. 6;
fig. 8 is a structural view of a horizontal construction method of a tunnel preliminary bracing and shotcrete structure according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line P-P of FIG. 8;
fig. 10 is a structural view of a horizontal construction method of a preliminary tunnel support shotcrete structure according to an embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line Q-Q of FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a structural view of a horizontal construction method of a preliminary tunnel support shotcrete structure according to an embodiment 5 of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a sectional view taken along line R-R in fig. 12.
In the figure: 1. a bottom template; 2. a locking foot block; 3. a sideform; 4. back corrugation; 5. a support; 5-1, support legs; 5-2, erecting a rod; 5-3, a cross bar; 6. h-shaped steel; 6-1, a web; 6-2, flanges; 7. an end plate; 7-1, bolt holes; 8. concrete; 9. a vertical tube; 10. a transverse tube; 11. bracing; 12. a base; 13. an anchor hole sleeve; 14. and (5) supporting the tube.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It is noted that relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, an embodiment 1 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and shotcrete structure according to the present invention includes the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of structure positioning, bottom template installation, side template installation, support installation, section steel installation, field spraying and mixing and form removal maintenance.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 (a), the structure positioning process specifically includes: the spray mixing structure is an annular closed structure, and the field hardening and leveling range can be determined according to actual requirements, namely the field hardening and leveling can be realized within a certain range along the bottom of the spray mixing structure, and the field hardening and leveling can be realized in the annular closed structure. And then determining a central point O, and drawing a contour line of the spray mixing structure on site by combining a design drawing and measuring equipment, wherein when the contour line is drawn, the referenced positioning structure can be the spray mixing structure, the section steel or a bottom template on the drawing, and the contour line can select an inner edge line, a central line or an outer edge line of the positioning structure. The spray mixing structure in this embodiment is horseshoe-shaped, and therefore the contour line is also horseshoe-shaped.
As shown in fig. 1 (b), fig. 2 (a), and fig. 3 (a), the bottom form mounting process and the side form mounting process (referred to as form mounting process) specifically include: firstly, a bottom template 1 is placed along the contour line of the ground, and necessary fixing measures are taken between the bottom template 1 and the ground. And then installing a side template 3, vertically placing the side template 3 on the bottom template 1, and fixing the side template 3 and the bottom template 1 by adopting a connecting piece, wherein the connecting piece in the embodiment is specifically a locking pin block 2, and the locking pin block 2 is simultaneously fixed with the side template 3 and the bottom template 1. And then, a plurality of back ridges 4 are arranged on the outer side of the side template 3 at intervals, and then steel bars or anchor cables are adopted to surround each back ridge 4 for tensioning and fastening, so that the rigidity of the template structure is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 (b) and 3 (b) for the process of installing the bracket, the bracket 5 in this embodiment is independently provided in plural, each bracket 5 includes two support legs 5-1, two upright legs 5-2 connected to the two support legs 5-1, and a cross bar 5-3 fixed between the two upright legs 5-2, the cross bar 5-3 shown in fig. 2 (b) and 3 (b) is a bottom cross bar, and the height of the two upright legs 5-2 is sufficient to fix the multi-layer cross bar. The support installation process specifically comprises: the supports 5 are arranged along the bottom template 1 at intervals, and the support legs 5-1 are placed on the bottom template 1.
Referring to fig. 2 (c), fig. 2 (d), fig. 2 (e), fig. 3 (c), fig. 3 (d) and fig. 3 (e), the installation process of the section steel is shown, in this embodiment, the section steel has two layers, and therefore, the cross bars 5-3 also have two layers, and each layer of section steel is a section steel closed ring which is formed by splicing a plurality of section steel sections. The section steel is specifically H-shaped steel 6, the H-shaped steel 6 comprises a web 6-1 and a flange 6-2, all sections of the section steel are bent, and the web is always in the same plane after bending. The installation process of the section steel specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, mounting bottom-layer section steel, as shown in fig. 1 (c), wherein a first section steel section A of the bottom-layer section steel is positioned at three points, namely, the distances from a left end point, a middle point and a right end point of the inner side of the first section steel section A to a central point O are controlled within a reasonable range; as shown in fig. 1 (d), after the second section steel segment B2 is installed, the left and right end points of the two section steel segments are retested, as shown in fig. 1 (e), the installed section steel segments are retested each time a new section steel segment is installed, and the section steel segments are adjusted in time until the last section steel segment B1 is assembled, as shown in fig. 1 (f). That is, the bottom-layer steel section in this embodiment is composed of steel section segments A, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2, F1, F2, and G, and each steel section is placed on a bottom-layer cross bar.
Then, as shown in fig. 2 (d) and 3 (d), welding a second layer of cross bars 5-3 on the vertical bars 5-2 above the bottom layer section steel according to the designed height; next, as shown in fig. 2 (e) and fig. 3 (e), installing a second layer of section steel, placing the second layer of section steel on a second layer of cross rod, wherein the installation mode of a first section steel section of the second layer of section steel is the same as that of the bottom layer of section steel, three-point positioning is needed, and the rest sections of the section steel are adjusted and positioned by a plumb bob or a level according to the bottom layer of section steel until the layer of section steel is assembled; and then repeating the process with reference to the second layer of section steel until the cross rods and the section steel of each layer are installed (namely, the cross rods of each layer are fixedly connected between the two vertical rods). Because shaped steel and horizontal pole all have two-layerly, consequently after the installation of second floor shaped steel, accomplish the installation of all shaped steel promptly.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, in order to facilitate connection between the section steel segments, end plates 7 are respectively fixed to both ends of the section steel segments, bolt holes 7-1 are formed in the end plates 7, and the adjacent end plates 7 are fixedly connected by bolts.
As shown in fig. 2 (f) and fig. 3 (f), the side form in this embodiment is an outer form, the concrete is sprayed from inside to outside, the operation is performed according to the principle of spraying and mixing layer by layer from bottom to top, the spraying angle is adjusted in real time, and particularly, the spraying is required to be focused at the bottom of each section steel and the position close to the side form, so as to ensure that the concrete is filled and wrapped outside each layer of section steel and each support and forms a ring-shaped structure.
As shown in fig. 2 (g) and 3 (g), in the form removal maintenance process, after the annular structure reaches the set strength, the template is removed and timely maintained, and then the relevant test is performed.
In the embodiment 1 of the tunnel primary support spray-mixing structure, as shown in fig. 2 (g) and 3 (g), namely, the annular structure body constructed by the horizontal construction method, the tunnel primary support spray-mixing structure comprises two layers of section steel closed rings arranged at intervals up and down, and each layer of section steel closed ring is formed by splicing a plurality of section steel sections; the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure also comprises a section steel supporting member for supporting the section steel closed ring of each layer, wherein the section steel supporting member is a bracket with support legs, upright posts and cross bars; the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying structure further comprises a filling material which is filled and wrapped outside the section steel closed ring and the section steel supporting member and forms an annular structure body, and the filling material in the embodiment is concrete.
The tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure constructed by the method disclosed by the invention is more suitable for the site, the site construction and the mode are flexible, the conventional or special-shaped spray-mixed structures with different sizes can be economically and rapidly constructed, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the primary support can be conveniently and scientifically researched by a system, the influence of different primary support thicknesses, framework types, concrete strength and the like on the primary support structure can be researched, and the research result can guide the construction. In addition, the template is convenient to assemble and disassemble, the materials are easy to take and can be repeatedly used, and the prefabrication cost is low.
An embodiment 2 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support jet mixing structure is shown in fig. 4 and 5, and is different from the embodiment 1 of the horizontal construction method in the structure of a support, the support in the embodiment is a scaffold respectively erected on the inner side and the outer side of a bottom formwork 1, the scaffold comprises a vertical pipe 9 and three layers of transverse pipes 10 which are fixedly connected with the vertical pipe 9 and are arranged at intervals up and down, three layers of cross rods 5-3 are respectively erected on the three layers of transverse pipes 10 of two scaffolds correspondingly, the three layers of cross rods 5-3 penetrate through a side formwork 3, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side formwork 3.
Therefore, the horizontal construction method in this embodiment specifically includes: formwork and scaffold installation (shown in fig. 4 (a) and 5 (a)), bottom cross bar installation (shown in fig. 4 (b) and 5 (b)), bottom section steel installation (shown in fig. 4 (c) and 5 (c)), second-layer cross bar and second-layer section steel installation (shown in fig. 4 (d) and 5 (d)), top cross bar and top-layer section steel installation (shown in fig. 4 (e) and 5 (e)), concrete injection (shown in fig. 4 (f) and 5 (f)), and formwork and scaffold removal (shown in fig. 4 (g) and 5 (g)).
The two scaffolds are positioned at the inner side and the outer side of the bottom formwork 1, so that the formed annular structure body is positioned between the two scaffolds, concrete is filled and wrapped at the local outer part of each layer of the cross rods 5-3, namely, the two ends of each layer of the cross rods 5-3 extend out of the concrete, and therefore the horizontal construction method in the embodiment further comprises a cross rod cutting process for cutting the exposed cross rods after the side formworks are removed.
As shown in fig. 4 (g) and 5 (g), the embodiment 2 of the preliminary tunnel support shotcrete structure of the present invention is different from the embodiment 1 of the preliminary tunnel support shotcrete structure in that: firstly, the profile steel closed ring has three layers, and the corresponding profile steel supporting member also has three layers; secondly, the section steel supporting member is a cross bar erected on a scaffold; in addition, the concrete is not completely wrapped around the cross rod, the end part of the cross rod is exposed, and the cross rod needs to be cut off after later-stage formwork removal.
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, in the embodiment 3 of the horizontal construction method of the preliminary tunnel supporting and blasting structure according to the present invention, a plurality of diagonal braces 11 are installed at intervals outside the side mold plates 3 after the side mold plates 3 are installed, so as to improve the stability of the mold plate structure, unlike the above-described embodiment.
As shown in fig. 10 and 11, in embodiment 4 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing jet-mixing structure according to the present invention, in the case where the support 12 is present at the bottom of the jet-mixing structure, the bottom formworks 1 at the positions of the supports 12 are erected on the supports 12, and the bottom formworks 1 at the other positions are erected on the support pipes 14 at the bottom of the scaffold, so that the elevations of the bottom formworks are ensured to be uniform. Wherein the support tubes 14 are erected on the bottom cross tubes of the scaffold.
Fig. 12 and 13 show an embodiment 5 of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing jet-mixing structure according to the present invention, which is a structure in which an anchor rod needs to be installed in the later stage, before the on-site jet-mixing, an anchor rod hole sleeve 13 needs to be installed in advance, one end of the anchor rod hole sleeve 13 passes through a hole formed in the side template 3 in advance, and the other end of the anchor rod hole sleeve 13 is bound to a steel bar (not shown in the figure) welded between two adjacent layers of section steel.
In other embodiments of the tunnel preliminary bracing shotcrete structure: the section steel can also adopt I-shaped steel or U-shaped channel steel; the filler material may not be concrete but other hardenable materials such as resins.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: the sideforms may also be inner forms, with the concrete being sprayed from the outside to the inside, with the other steps being the same as for the outer forms.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: for a structure with a thin protective layer, the side template can be installed at the last, and the specific process is adjusted as follows: the method comprises the following steps of structure positioning, bottom template installation, support installation, profile steel installation, side template installation, on-site spraying and mixing, and form removal and maintenance.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: in order to ensure the thickness of the protective layer of the spraying and mixing structure of each section, a reinforcing bar head or a binding small building block can be welded on the outer side of the section steel or the upright stanchion.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: the section steel can also adopt I-shaped steel or U-shaped channel steel.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: the reinforcing mesh can be installed before the on-site spraying and mixing according to the requirement.
In other embodiments of the horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spraying mixed structure: the form of the spray mixing structure can also be round, rectangular or rectangle-like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the present invention, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and all structural changes that can be made by using the contents of the description and the drawings of the present invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A horizontal construction method of a tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure is characterized by comprising the following steps: structure positioning, bottom template installation, support installation, profile steel installation, on-site spraying and mixing and form removal maintenance;
wherein, the structure location process includes: firstly, hardening and leveling a field, then determining a central point, and drawing a contour line of the spray mixing structure on the field by combining a design drawing and measuring equipment;
the bottom template installation process comprises the following steps: arranging a bottom template along the contour line;
the support installation process includes: arranging a support along the bottom form, the support comprising a bottom rail;
the installation process of the section steel comprises the following steps: firstly, mounting bottom section steel, placing the bottom section steel on a bottom cross bar of a support, then mounting a second layer of cross bar above the bottom section steel on the support, then mounting second layer section steel, placing the second layer of section steel on the second layer of cross bar, and repeating the above processes until all layers of cross bars and all layers of section steel are mounted, wherein all layers of section steel are section steel closed rings, and each section steel closed ring is formed by splicing a plurality of section steel segments;
the on-site spraying and mixing process comprises the following steps: performing operation according to the principle of spraying and mixing layer by layer from bottom to top, and adjusting the spraying angle in real time to enable concrete to be filled and wrapped outside each layer of section steel and form an annular structure body;
the form removal and maintenance process comprises the following steps: after the annular structure body reaches the set strength, removing the template and maintaining in time, and then carrying out related tests;
the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure further comprises a side template installation process, wherein the side template installation process is positioned after the bottom template installation process or the section steel installation process, the side template installation process comprises the step of installing the side template on the bottom template, and the side template is perpendicular to the bottom template and is fixed with the bottom template through a connecting piece.
2. The horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing and spray-mixing structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of supports are independently provided, and the plurality of supports are arranged at intervals along the bottom formwork; each support comprises two support legs and upright posts respectively connected with the two support legs, the support legs are placed on the bottom template, and each layer of cross rods is fixedly connected between the two upright posts; the concrete is filled and wrapped outside each bracket.
3. The horizontal construction method of the tunnel preliminary bracing spray-mixing structure according to claim 1, wherein the supports are scaffolds respectively erected on the inner side and the outer side of the bottom formwork, the scaffolds comprise vertical pipes and multilayer transverse pipes fixedly connected with the vertical pipes and arranged at intervals up and down, each layer of transverse rods is respectively erected on each layer of transverse pipes of the two scaffolds correspondingly, each layer of transverse rods penetrates through the side formwork, and a plurality of through holes are formed in the side formwork; the concrete is filled and wrapped on the local outer part of each layer of cross bars, and the annular structure body is positioned between the two scaffolds; the horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure further comprises a cross bar cutting process of cutting the exposed cross bars after the side templates are removed.
4. The horizontal construction method of a tunnel preliminary bracing shotcrete structure according to claim 3, wherein, in the case where there is a support at the bottom of the shotcrete structure, the bottom forms at the support positions are placed on the support, and the bottom forms at the other positions are placed on the support pipes at the bottom of the scaffold, so that the level of each bottom form is ensured to be uniform.
5. The horizontal construction method of the primary support and spray mixing structure of the tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein after the side formworks are installed, a plurality of back ridges are installed at intervals on the outer sides of the side formworks, and then the back ridges are tensioned and fastened around the back ridges by using reinforcing steel bars or anchor cables.
6. The horizontal construction method of a tunnel preliminary bracing and shotcreting structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of diagonal braces are installed at intervals outside the side formworks after the side formworks are installed.
7. The horizontal construction method of a primary support and shotcrete structure of a tunnel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein end plates are fixed to both ends of the section steel segments, and the adjacent end plates are fixedly connected by bolts.
8. The horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spray-mixed structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that when the bottom section steel is installed, a first section steel section of the bottom section steel is positioned by three points, namely, the distances from the left end point, the middle point and the right end point of the inner side of the first section steel section to the central point are controlled within a reasonable range, the left end point and the right end point of two section steel sections are retested after the second section steel section is installed, the installed section steel sections are retested every time a new section steel section is installed, and the section steel sections are timely adjusted until the last section steel section is assembled; the installation mode of a first section steel section of the second layer section steel is the same as that of the bottom layer section steel, three-point positioning is needed, and the rest section steel sections are adjusted and positioned by a plumb bob or a level according to the bottom layer section steel until the layer section steel is assembled; and then, referring to the second layer of section steel, installing the rest layers of section steel.
9. The horizontal construction method of the tunnel primary support spraying and mixing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that for the structure needing to install the anchor rod in the later period, an anchor rod hole sleeve needs to be installed in advance before spraying and mixing on site, one end of the anchor rod hole sleeve passes through a hole which is formed in a side template in advance, and the other end of the anchor rod hole sleeve is bound to a steel bar which is welded between two layers of profile steels which are adjacent up and down.
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