CN113338804A - Guide hole track control method for slow inclined shaft - Google Patents
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
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- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
- E21B47/0228—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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Abstract
The invention discloses a guide hole track control method for a slow inclined shaft. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a guide hole and inclined well three-dimensional model, selecting a directional drilling machine to drill a guide hole, measuring by adopting an MWD (measurement while drilling) inclinometer to obtain a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi, measuring by an RMRS (rotating magnetic field) ranging system to obtain a magnetic deflection angle delta, obtaining a Gaussian plane meridian convergence angle gamma, calculating a corrected rear azimuth angle phi ', which is phi + delta-gamma, calculating coordinates of measuring points X1 and Y1, judging by using an ABS (phi' -phi) angle, performing deviation rectification operation, and controlling a drilling track to reduce the drilling deviation. The method combines the MWD wireless inclination measurement while drilling technology and the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measurement technology to obtain wireless inclination measurement accurate positioning while drilling deviation rectification, the deviation rate of the guide hole can be controlled to be 0.1-0.5%, accurate positioning of reverse well drilling in 25-35-degree slow inclined well construction can be realized, deviation rectification while drilling can be realized, the blank in the aspects of high-precision inclination measurement and deviation rectification in the guide hole construction of the slow inclined well is filled, and high-precision slow inclined well guide hole drilling construction can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a guide hole track control technology for slow inclined shaft excavation, belongs to inclined shaft excavation engineering precision control and construction technologies, and particularly relates to a guide hole track precision control method for a slow inclined shaft with an inclination angle of 25-35 degrees.
Background
In water conservancy and hydropower and mine engineering, the underground cavern is widely applied to inclined shaft underground caverns due to the requirements of water channels, cables, ventilation, traffic and the like. The construction and construction difficulty of the inclined shaft excavation, particularly the gentle slope inclined shaft construction of a hydropower project, is high, and a large number of problems in the gentle slope inclined shaft construction need to be solved by adopting corresponding construction technical measures and technical research results.
For the construction of an inclined shaft, a flat tunnel or a guide rail-mining method cannot be adopted for construction, and because the inclination angle is large, the safety of construction excavation and support cannot be ensured, and the construction efficiency is low; the construction is carried out by adopting a raise boring machine, the construction angle of the existing raise boring machine is generally 60-90 degrees, the gentle slope inclined shaft exceeds the construction range of the raise boring machine, the construction safety and quality can not be ensured, and a series of problems of difficult slag sliding, drilling deviation and the like can also occur. As the inclined angle of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle is smaller, the drill rod of the directional drilling machine can generate vertical component force and the weak interlayer can generate oblique component force, so that additional downward or oblique acting force can be generated on the drill rod, the drilling machine can generate additional downward acting force, the guide hole can objectively develop downwards or obliquely besides axial drilling to cause the guide hole to deviate, a curve is formed to enable the guide hole to deviate, the guide hole is difficult to be accurately communicated, and the accuracy of the guide hole is related to the success or failure of the construction of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle.
The traditional guide hole drilling in the water conservancy and hydropower industry is composed of a drill bit, a centralizer and a common drill rod, the structure is simple, the positioning and deviation rectifying functions are not achieved, a reverse well method is adopted for construction of a slow inclined well with the inclination rate of a traditional reverse well drilling machine being 1% in the industry standard, the depth of the slow inclined well in part of engineering is large, the precision requirement of a guide hole track is high, the inclination rate requirement is far lower than 1%, therefore, various deviation preventing and rectifying measures need to be taken in the construction process, the guide hole track of the slow inclined well is well controlled, and the construction of high-precision guide holes is guaranteed. The guide hole track of the slow inclined shaft is difficult to control by the traditional construction method, the construction precision requirement of the long slow inclined shaft cannot be met, and the difficulty of ensuring the inclination rate is high.
Related terms commonly used in slant well construction:
slow inclined shaft: the inclined shaft is an underground chamber between the horizontal tunnel and the vertical shaft, and the slow inclined shaft is an inclined shaft with an inclination angle lower than 45 degrees.
Guiding holes: the part with smaller area excavated firstly on the inclined shaft section is called a guide hole.
A reverse well method: and excavating the inclined shaft from bottom to top and excavating the inclined shaft by reverse full-section blasting.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a guide hole track control method for a slow inclined shaft according to the defects of the prior art. The invention provides a guide hole track precision control method of a slow inclined shaft directional drilling machine with an inclination angle of 25-35 degrees, which solves the problem caused by deviation when the guide hole of the existing slow inclined shaft drills along a preset inclination angle and ensures the track precision of the guide hole of the slow inclined shaft.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a guide hole track control method for a slow inclined well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a preset track of a guide hole, and establishing a three-dimensional model of the guide hole and an inclined shaft;
step two: selecting a directional drilling machine, an inclinometer, a magnetic measuring instrument and a deviation rectifying combined drilling tool for construction;
step three: the total station lofting guide hole enters a drilling point and a direction point, and the directional drilling machine is in place to drill the guide hole;
step four: the pilot hole drilling is carried out by adopting a directional drilling machine, and the drill bit is positioned by adopting an MWD inclinometer to measure and obtain a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi; the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system measures and obtains a magnetic declination angle delta;
step five: obtaining a meridian convergence angle gamma of a Gaussian plane, wherein the gamma is obtained by calculating according to the following formula, and the gamma is sinB x delta L;
wherein: b is the latitude of the measurement point, unit: degree; Δ L is the difference in longitude from the measurement point and the central meridian in units: degree;
step six: calculating a corrected rear azimuth angle according to the monitoring data by using the following formula; phi' ═ phi + delta-gamma; wherein:
phi' is the azimuth angle used for trajectory calculation after azimuth correction, unit: degree;
phi is the well deviation azimuth angle measured by an MWD inclinometer, unit: degree;
delta is a declination measured by the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system, the east declination is a positive value, the west declination is a negative value, and the unit is as follows: degree;
gamma is the gaussian plane meridian convergence angle, east convergence angle is a positive value, west convergence angle is a negative value, unit: degree;
step seven: calculating coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1, and judging by using an ABS (phi') -phi) angle;
when the calculated ABS (phi ' -phi) < 180, the measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((phi ' + phi)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (phi ' -phi) > 180, the measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((phi ' + phi +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L;
when the calculated ABS (phi ' -phi) < 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((phi ' + phi)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (phi ' -phi) > 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((phi ' + phi +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; wherein:
x is the X-axis coordinate of the inclined wellhead guide hole, and the unit is as follows: rice;
p' is the average well inclination angle of the measured point, unit: degree;
p is the angle of inclination, in units: degree;
l is the distance between a measuring point and a well mouth, unit and meter;
y is the coordinate of the guide hole Y axis of the inclined wellhead, and the unit is as follows: rice;
phi' is the measured point azimuth, unit: degree;
φ is the pilot hole point azimuth, unit: degree;
step eight: calculating a measuring point elevation H1 ═ H-cos (P') x L; wherein: h is inclined wellhead guide hole elevation, unit: rice; h1 is the elevation of the survey point, unit: rice;
step nine: comparing the coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1 with the designed coordinates of the measuring points to determine the deflection length and direction of the guide hole plane; comparing the deviation of the guide hole measured by the MWD inclinometer with the deviation of the designed well to determine the deviation direction of the guide hole so as to carry out deviation rectification operation on the guide hole subsequently;
step ten: and a directional drilling machine is adopted to be matched with a directional combined drilling tool and a 0.5-degree bent screw rod to perform guide hole deviation correction, and under the condition that the deviation is measured by a wireless inclinometer while drilling, the deviation is adjusted to be in sliding drilling, and the drilling track is controlled, so that the hole deviation is reduced.
The inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle is an inclined shaft with a drilling hole with an inclination angle of 25-35 degrees. The drill hole is an inclined shaft drill hole with an inclination angle of 25-35 degrees.
The drill bit is positioned by adopting an MWD inclinometer and an RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system to measure the inclination angle and the magnetic azimuth angle of the well; the MWD inclinometer measures data and controls the pulse generator to generate mud pressure through the modulator, the ground mud pressure sensor sends the obtained data to the ground computer, and the computer processes the data and displays a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi; the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system measures the probe tube to display the magnetic declination delta, wherein the east magnetic declination is a positive value, and the west magnetic declination is a negative value.
The research of the invention considers that: the inclined shaft drilling is embodied to be in a spiral shape from the drilling starting end to the downward direction, and gradually accelerates to the downward direction and the left and right directions along with the time, but the limit track of the inclined shaft can be approximate to a spiral shape along with the increase of the length of the inclined shaft.
In the method, in the application of controlling the track accuracy of the guide hole excavation of the raise boring machine of the slow inclined shaft, the MWD inclinometer and the RMRS distance measuring instrument are adopted to obtain relevant parameters, and a guide hole inclination measurement, magnetic declination and guide shaft three-dimensional model is constructed by utilizing the relevant parameter data to calculate and analyze, so that the deviation correction while drilling and the high-accuracy inclination measurement in the guide hole construction of the slow inclined shaft are realized, and the guide hole excavation accuracy of the slow inclined shaft is ensured.
According to the method, the research of the MWD wireless while-drilling inclination measurement technology is utilized, the accurate positioning of the guide hole construction of the slow inclined shaft is realized, the RMRS magnetic distance meter is used in a matched mode, the defects of the MWD inclination measurement instrument are effectively overcome, the error influence caused by the MWD inclination measurement instrument can be eliminated, and the method is suitable for the guide hole track control of the slow inclined shaft under various scene conditions.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention utilizes the combination of MWD wireless inclination measurement while drilling technology and RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measurement technology to obtain wireless inclination measurement accurate positioning deviation correction while drilling, the deviation rate of the guide hole can be controlled between 0.1-0.5%, the traditional hydropower industry still largely adopts a blind drilling mode of a raise boring machine at present, meanwhile, the existing raise boring machine can generally excavate at an angle of 60-90 degrees, few inclined shafts below 45 degrees are tunneled, no precedent is provided at present for tunneling the guide hole of the inclined shaft of 25-35 degrees, the track control method of the guide hole of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle can realize accurate positioning and deviation correction while drilling of the hydroelectric drilling in the construction of the inclined shaft of 25-35 degrees by using the reverse shaft method, and the purpose of construction of the inclined shaft in intelligent construction is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a pilot hole drilling of the present invention; wherein A, B is a guide hole track measuring point, Φ a and Φ B are respectively a grid azimuth angle of the measuring point A, B, and the thick lines in the figure represent guide hole tracks.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal trajectory of a guide hole of an inclined shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention; wherein C is a guide hole longitudinal drilling point, D is a guide hole longitudinal track, E is a slant well design longitudinal track, and F is a guide hole longitudinal drilling point.
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a guide hole of an inclined shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention; h is a drilling point of the guide hole plane, I is a guide hole plane track, J is a design plane track of the inclined shaft, and K is a drilling point of the guide hole plane.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the following detailed description, which is intended to further illustrate the principles of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any way, but is equivalent or analogous to the present invention without departing from its scope.
The guide hole track control method for the slow inclined shaft comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a preset track of a guide hole, and establishing a three-dimensional model of the guide hole and an inclined shaft;
step two: selecting a directional drilling machine, an inclinometer, a magnetic measuring instrument and a deviation rectifying combined drilling tool for construction;
step three: the total station lofting guide hole enters a drilling point and a direction point, and the directional drilling machine is in place to drill the guide hole;
step four: the pilot hole drilling is carried out by adopting a directional drilling machine, and the drill bit is positioned by adopting an MWD inclinometer and an RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system to measure the inclination angle and the magnetic azimuth angle of the well.
The measurement data of the MWD inclinometer controls the pulse generator to generate mud pressure through the modulator, the ground mud pressure sensor sends the obtained data to the ground computer, and the computer processes the data and displays a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi; the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system measures and displays the magnetic declination delta, wherein the east magnetic declination is a positive value, and the west magnetic declination is a negative value.
Step five: the meridian convergence angle γ of the gaussian plane is calculated by the following formula, γ ═ sinB × Δ L;
wherein: b is latitude of a measuring point and unit degree; the delta L is the longitude difference of the measuring point and the central meridian, and is unit degree;
step six: calculating a corrected rear azimuth angle according to the monitoring data by using the following formula; phi' ═ phi + delta-gamma; wherein:
phi' is used for the azimuth angle, unit degree, of the track calculation after the azimuth correction;
phi is a well deviation azimuth angle measured by an MWD inclinometer and unit degree;
delta is a declination measured by the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system, the east declination is a positive value, the west declination is a negative value, and the unit degree is a unit degree;
gamma is a Gaussian plane meridian convergence angle, the east convergence angle is a positive value, the west convergence angle is a negative value, and the unit degree is obtained;
step seven: calculating coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1, and judging by using an ABS (phi') -phi) angle;
when the calculated ABS (phi ' -phi) < 180, the measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((phi ' + phi)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (phi ' -phi) > 180, the measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((phi ' + phi +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L;
when the calculated ABS (phi ' -phi) < 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((phi ' + phi)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (phi ' -phi) > 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((phi ' + phi +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L;
wherein:
x is the X-axis coordinate of the guide hole of the inclined wellhead in meters;
p' is the average well inclination angle of the measuring points and the unit degree;
p is the inclination angle of the well and the unit degree;
l is the distance between a measuring point and a well mouth and is a unit meter;
y is the coordinate of the guide hole Y axis of the inclined wellhead in unit meter;
phi' is a measuring point azimuth angle and unit degree;
phi is the pilot hole point azimuth, unit degree.
Step eight: calculating a measuring point elevation H1 ═ H-cos (P') x L; wherein:
h is the elevation of the guide hole of the inclined wellhead in unit meter;
p' is the average well inclination angle of the measuring points and the unit degree;
l is the distance between a measuring point and a well head (namely well depth) in meters;
h1 is the height of the measuring point in meter;
step nine: comparing the coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1 with the designed coordinates of the measuring points to determine the deflection length and direction of the guide hole plane; comparing the deviation of the guide hole well measured by the MWD inclinometer with the deviation of the designed well, and determining the vertical direction of the guide hole to be up and down;
step ten: and a directional drilling machine is adopted to be matched with a directional combined drilling tool and a 0.5-degree bent screw rod to perform guide hole deviation correction, and under the condition that the deviation is measured by a wireless inclinometer while drilling, the deviation is adjusted to be in sliding drilling, and the drilling track is controlled, so that the hole deviation is reduced.
The invention utilizes the combination of the geodetic magnetic field positioning principle, the Gaussian plane rectangular coordinate system and the geodetic coordinate system to analyze the guide hole track, utilizes the MWD inclinometer and the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system to obtain related data, constructs a guide hole inclination measuring, magnetic declination and pilot shaft three-dimensional model and provides a basis for a guide hole track precision control method.
In the method, in the application of controlling the precision of the track of the guide hole excavated by the directional drilling machine, a guide hole deviation rectifying scheme is formulated by obtaining relevant parameters such as well depth, well deviation, magnetic declination and the like, and the track is adjusted to slide drilling under the condition that the deviation is measured by a wireless inclinometer while drilling, so that the drilling track is controlled to reduce the hole deviation.
In the construction of the inclined shaft, the invention forms a real-time positioning and deviation rectifying technology and solves the difficult problem of drilling deflection of the guide hole with the slow inclination angle caused by the self weight of the drill rod and complex geology. In a certain project for correcting deviation by adopting the method, the deviation between the through of the inclined shaft guide hole with the length of 263m and 36 degrees and the designed point position is 25cm, and the construction through reaches the precision of 1 per mill.
The method can ensure real-time track monitoring and deviation correction of the guide hole in the guide hole construction process of the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle, ensure that the precision of the guide hole meets the standard requirement and avoid the risk of drill jamming caused by large curvature of the guide hole.
Claims (3)
1. A guide hole track control method for a slow inclined well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining a preset track of a guide hole, and establishing a three-dimensional model of the guide hole and an inclined shaft;
step two: selecting a directional drilling machine, an inclinometer, a magnetic measuring instrument and a deviation rectifying combined drilling tool for construction;
step three: the total station lofting guide hole enters a drilling point and a direction point, and the directional drilling machine is in place to drill the guide hole;
step four: the pilot hole drilling is carried out by adopting a directional drilling machine, and the drill bit is positioned by adopting an MWD inclinometer to measure and obtain a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi; the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system measures and obtains a magnetic declination angle delta;
step five: obtaining a gaussian plane meridian convergence angle γ, γ being calculated from the following formula, γ ═ sinB × Δ L, wherein: b is the latitude of the measurement point, unit: degree; Δ L is the difference in longitude from the measurement point and the central meridian in units: degree;
step six: calculating a corrected rear azimuth angle according to the monitoring data by using the following formula; phi' ═ phi + delta-gamma; wherein: phi' is the azimuth angle used for track calculation after azimuth correction, unit: degree; phi is the well deviation azimuth angle measured by an MWD inclinometer, unit: degree; delta is a declination measured by the RMRS rotating magnetic field distance measuring system, the east declination is a positive value, the west declination is a negative value, and the unit is as follows: degree; gamma is the gaussian plane meridian convergence angle, east convergence angle is a positive value, west convergence angle is a negative value, unit: degree;
step seven: calculating coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1, and judging by taking an ABS (phi' -phi) angle;
when the calculated ABS (Φ ' - Φ) < 180, the measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((Φ ' + Φ)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (Φ ' - Φ) > 180, measurement point X1 ═ X + cos ((Φ ' + Φ +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L;
when the calculated ABS (Φ ' - Φ) < 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((Φ ' + Φ)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L; when ABS (Φ ' - Φ) > 180, the measurement point Y1 ═ Y + sin ((Φ ' + Φ +360)/2) × sin ((P ' + P)/2) × L;
wherein: x is the X-axis coordinate of the inclined wellhead guide hole, and the unit is as follows: rice; p' is the average well inclination angle of the measuring points, unit: degree; p is the angle of inclination, in units: degree; l is the distance between a measuring point and a well mouth, unit and meter; y is the coordinate of the guide hole Y axis of the inclined wellhead, and the unit is as follows: rice; phi' is the azimuth angle of the measuring point, and the unit is: degree; φ is the pilot hole point azimuth, unit: degree;
step eight: calculating a measuring point elevation H1 ═ H-cos (P'). times.L; wherein: h is inclined wellhead guide hole elevation, unit: rice; h1 is the elevation of the survey point, unit: rice;
step nine: comparing the coordinates of the measuring points X1 and Y1 with the designed coordinates of the measuring points to determine the deflection length and direction of the guide hole plane; comparing the deviation of the guide hole measured by the MWD inclinometer with the deviation of the designed well to determine the deviation direction of the guide hole so as to carry out deviation rectification operation on the guide hole subsequently;
step ten: and a directional drilling machine is adopted to be matched with a directional combined drilling tool and a 0.5-degree bent screw rod to perform guide hole deviation correction, and under the condition that the deviation is measured by a wireless inclinometer while drilling, the deviation is adjusted to be in sliding drilling, and the drilling track is controlled, so that the hole deviation is reduced.
2. The slow slant well guide hole track control method according to claim 1, wherein: the inclined shaft with the slow inclination angle is an inclined shaft with a drilling hole with an inclination angle of 25-35 degrees.
3. The slow slant well guide hole track control method according to claim 2, wherein: the MWD inclinometer controls the pulse generator to generate mud pressure through the modulator, obtains data through the ground mud pressure sensor, processes and displays a well inclination angle P and a well inclination azimuth angle phi.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114575746A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-03 | 贵州天然气管网有限责任公司 | A construction method for natural gas pipeline riser drilling and crossing |
| CN114837652A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-02 | 辽宁科技大学 | A drilling offset sensing correction system and method |
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| CN114837652A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-02 | 辽宁科技大学 | A drilling offset sensing correction system and method |
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| CN113338804B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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