CN113335338B - Wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting and axle counting method - Google Patents
Wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting and axle counting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113335338B CN113335338B CN202110744054.9A CN202110744054A CN113335338B CN 113335338 B CN113335338 B CN 113335338B CN 202110744054 A CN202110744054 A CN 202110744054A CN 113335338 B CN113335338 B CN 113335338B
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- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
- B61L1/00—Devices along the route controlled by interaction with the vehicle or train
- B61L1/16—Devices for counting axles; Devices for counting vehicles
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Abstract
The invention provides a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting and an axle counting method, wherein the device comprises the following steps: the device comprises a bottom plate, two fastening components and a fiber grating sensor; the fiber grating sensors at least comprise two stress detection fiber grating sensors, namely a first stress detection fiber grating sensor and a second stress detection fiber grating sensor; the two fastening components are respectively arranged at two ends of the bottom plate so as to attach and fix the bottom plate below the bottom surface of the steel rail; the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor are arranged on the bottom plate at a certain distance and used for detecting the wheel-rail coupling vertical force of the steel rail when the wheel passes through. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for the axle counting is high in integration level, convenient to install, stable in structure and high in safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rail transportation safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting and an axle counting method.
Background
The axle counting system is important railway signal equipment, detects train wheel information by using a wheel sensor, and outputs section occupation or idle information to the interlocking system after operation.
The existing axle counting system mostly adopts an electromagnetic axle counting method, and the basic principle is that; an electromagnetic field is established by using the axle counting sensor arranged on the steel rail, the state of the magnetic field can be changed when the train wheels pass by, pulse variation is formed, and the axle counting function is realized through pulse counting. The electromagnetic axle counting method has the advantages of simple principle and low cost, and is widely applied to the field of track occupation inspection application. But because the detection principle determines that the train is easy to be subjected to electromagnetic interference, even when a ironware runs by, the train can cause wrong axle counting, and the train operation safety and the train operation efficiency are seriously influenced.
In order to solve the problem of application of the traditional wheel sensing system based on the electromagnetic technology, the fiber bragg grating sensing technology is introduced into the wheel detection application of the high-speed railway. The fiber grating sensing technology has the characteristics of insulativity, electromagnetic interference resistance, corrosion resistance, strong chemical stability, long transmission distance and the like, and is widely applied to environments with strong electromagnetic interference and variable humidity. The axle counting method based on the fiber bragg grating provides a solution for the problem of the electromagnetic axle counting.
In the invention patent with the publication number of CN201362265, at least two fiber grating sensors are respectively arranged on at least one steel rail of a transmitting end and at least one steel rail of a receiving end in a track section, when a train is sequentially rolled on the two fiber grating sensors, the wavelength offset of the two sensors respectively generates a pulse at adjacent moments, and the train running direction is judged according to the coming sequence of the pulses. In the invention patent with the publication number of CN101376392, a vehicle axle counting method based on steel rail deformation/stress parameters is disclosed. In the method, firstly, sensor measuring points are arranged on a steel rail, the sensor measuring points are provided with sensors used for sensing the deformation or stress of the steel rail, a threshold value of the sensors is set, and when wheels of a vehicle press the steel rail at the position of the sensors, if the deformation or stress change of the steel rail exceeds the threshold value, the sensors record the occurrence of the pressed state of the wheels; and determining the number of the axles of the vehicle according to the wheel-pressed state information.
The above patents all realize the function of axle counting based on the fiber grating, but have the disadvantages in the engineering aspect, which mainly appear as follows: the installation mode of the axle counting points is complex, the grating corresponding to each axle counting point needs to be installed in a plurality of sleeper gaps respectively, and one grating is installed in each sleeper gap.
Therefore, a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting, which has a simple structure and is convenient to construct, is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting, comprising: the device comprises a bottom plate, two fastening components and a fiber grating sensor;
the fiber grating sensors at least comprise two stress detection fiber grating sensors, namely a first stress detection fiber grating sensor and a second stress detection fiber grating sensor;
the two fastening components are respectively arranged at the two ends of the bottom plate so as to attach and fix the bottom plate below the bottom surface of the steel rail;
the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor are arranged on the bottom plate at a certain distance and used for detecting the wheel-rail coupling vertical force of the steel rail when the wheel passes through.
Furthermore, the fixing directions of the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor are parallel to or coincident with the long axis of the bottom plate.
Further, the spacing distance between the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor is determined according to the demodulation frequency of the grating signal, the number of spacing points of grating wavelength sampling points and the track speed limit.
Further, the separation distance is determined by the following formula:
Further, each of the fastening members includes:
a first clamping block and a second clamping block;
and the first clamping block and the second clamping block are respectively provided with a matched pin shaft hole for connecting the first clamping block and the second clamping block through a pin shaft and are fastened by nuts.
Further, the first clamping block comprises a first clamping block head and an elongated extension part;
the second clamp block comprises a second clamp block head;
the pin shaft holes are respectively arranged on the first clamping block head and the second clamping block head;
the second clamping block is used for pressing the extension part of the first clamping block on the bottom of the steel rail.
Furthermore, the first clamping block and the second clamping block are respectively provided with a wedge-shaped bayonet and are used for being clamped at the edge of the steel rail.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: a temperature-compensated fiber grating sensor is provided,
the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor is fixed on the bottom plate in a direction perpendicular to the first stress detection fiber grating sensor;
or only one end of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor is fixed on the bottom plate.
Furthermore, a stress interference protection part is arranged between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors on the bottom plate and used for avoiding stress interference between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors.
Further, the stress interference prevention part is a through hole or a concave part arranged on the bottom plate.
Further, the apparatus further comprises: a cover plate is arranged on the upper surface of the shell,
a groove is formed in the central area of the bottom plate and used for accommodating the fiber grating sensor;
the cover plate is used for being matched with the groove and sealing the fiber grating sensor arranged in the groove.
And furthermore, a looseness monitoring fiber grating sensor is arranged in the pin shaft and used for monitoring whether the looseness happens after the detection device is installed.
The invention provides an axle counting method, which adopts the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting to count the axle.
Further, the axle counting method comprises the following steps:
determining the state of each stress detection fiber grating sensor according to the wavelength difference change of the stress detection fiber grating sensor:
if the wavelength difference value rises from being lower than a first threshold value to reach the first threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a first state that the train enters a sensitive area;
if the wavelength difference value is reduced from being higher than the first threshold value to reach a second threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a second state that the train leaves the sensitive area;
the first threshold is greater than the second threshold;
determining the state combination of the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device at the moment according to the states of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors at the same moment;
determining a state time sequence according to a plurality of state combinations which sequentially appear;
and counting the axes according to the state time sequence.
In the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting and the axle counting method, the axle counting device is arranged on the steel rail through the pin shaft, so that the device is simple and stable in structure, safe and reliable, and convenient to maintain and replace; the fiber bragg grating is used as a sensor, so that the detection accuracy is greatly improved, the fiber bragg grating is not interfered by electromagnetism, and the fiber bragg grating can stably work for a long time in a severe environment by combining with the mature packaging technology of the fiber bragg grating; meanwhile, based on the axle counting mode of double-threshold judgment of the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device, the axle counting function can be realized by only one axle counting detection device, the fault tolerance is fully considered by an axle counting algorithm, and the system reliability is improved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for an axle counting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation structure of a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for an axle counting according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a wheel-rail coupled vertical force detection device for an axle counter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation of a wheel-rail coupled vertical force detection device for an axle counter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a grating layout of a wheel-track coupled vertical force detection device for axle counting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom view of a through hole or a recessed portion of a wheeltrack-coupled vertical force detection apparatus for axle counting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a through hole structure of a wheeltrack coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial cross-sectional view of a recessed portion of a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection apparatus for an axle counter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates a wheel-track coupling curve diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows a waveform schematic of two fiber grating sensors according to an embodiment of the invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1. bottom plate
11. Interference protection part
12. Cover plate
2. Fastening member
21. First clamping block
211. First clamping block head
212. Extension part
22. Second clamping block
221. Second clamping block head
23. Pin shaft hole
24. Pin shaft
25. Nut
26. Wedge-shaped bayonet
3. Optical fiber grating sensor
31. First stress detection fiber grating sensor
32. Second stress detection fiber grating sensor
33. Temperature compensation fiber grating sensor
4. Rail for railway vehicle
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for an axle counting (hereinafter referred to as a detection device), as shown in fig. 1, the detection device comprises: the stress detection device comprises a bottom plate 1, two fastening parts 2 and a fiber grating sensor 3, wherein the fiber grating sensor 3 at least comprises two stress detection fiber grating sensors, namely a first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and a second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32.
Wherein, the bottom plate 1 is a hard strip-shaped plate, and the width is not more than the width of the steel rail. Without loss of generality, the base plate 1 is a rectangular stainless steel plate.
The first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 are arranged on the base plate 1 at a certain distance. The fixing directions of the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 are parallel or coincident with the long axis of the bottom plate 1, and the long axis is consistent or parallel with the extending direction of the steel rail when the detection device is installed. Specifically, the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 are distributed along the long axis of the bottom plate 1, symmetrically disposed at two ends of the bottom plate 1, and respectively close to the two fastening components 2. The first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 are used for detecting the bending stress of the steel rail when a wheel passes through, namely the vertical coupling force of the steel rail and the wheel rail.
The spacing distance L between the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 is determined according to the demodulation frequency of the grating signal, the number of spacing points of the grating wavelength sampling points and the track speed limit. And the spacing distance L is less than the tie gap.
On the one hand, the detection device is arranged at the bottom of a steel rail between two sleepers, as shown in fig. 4, the center distance of the two steel rail sleepers is Lg, the width of the sleepers is Lz, so the distance of gaps of the sleepers is Lg-Lz, and therefore the detection device is limited by the size of the installation position, and the separation distance L is less than Lg-Lz.
On the other hand, in order to ensure that the driving direction can be judged according to the sequence of the wavelength changes of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors when the vehicle passes, the distance between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors needs to meet the wavelength sampling requirement. The wavelength sampling points of the two gratings are spaced by N points, the demodulation frequency f of a grating signal (namely the demodulation frequency of a demodulator) and the track speed limit v are determined, and the spacing distance between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors is
The track speed limit v adopts a track speed limit on a mounting line, namely the train can be judged by a detection device when passing through the maximum speed, and exemplarily, the high-speed rail speed limit is 350km/h. The number N of grating wavelength sampling points represents the number of points at which sampling points of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors should be at least spaced when the same wavelength variation value appears when a train passes through, and illustratively, N is 20. If the value of N is too small, the wheel-track coupling curves of the two gratings are almost overlapped, and the direction cannot be accurately judged.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, two fastening members 2 are engaged with the base plate 1 and the rails 4, wherein the base plate 1 is engaged with two ends of the base plate, and each fastening member 2 corresponds to one end of the base plate 1. When in connection, the two fastening components 2 are respectively arranged at the two ends of the bottom plate 1 and used for attaching and fixing the bottom plate 1 under the bottom surface of the steel rail 4. Either of the two fastening parts 2 can be fixedly connected or detachably connected to the base plate 1. Each fastening component 2 comprises a pair of clamping blocks, each pair of clamping blocks comprises a first clamping block 21 and a second clamping block 22 which are matched with each other, pin shaft holes 23 which are matched with each other are respectively arranged on the first clamping block 21 and the second clamping block 22 and are used for connecting the first clamping block 21 and the second clamping block 22 through a pin shaft 24 and are fastened by nuts 25, and the base plate 1 is tightly attached to the steel rail 4 by utilizing the pretightening force of the pin shaft 24. Specifically, the first block 21 includes a first block head 211 and an extension 212, and the extension is elongated. The second clamp block 22 includes a second clamp block head 221. The pin shaft holes 23 are respectively provided on the first and second block heads 211 and 221. The extension 212 of the first clamping block 21 is used to press the base plate 1 against the underside of the rail 4. Without loss of generality, the first clamping blocks 21 are connected, e.g. welded, to the base plate 1 via the extensions 212, facilitating mounting on the rails 4. The first clamping block 21 can also be arranged separately from the bottom plate 1, and the first clamping block and the bottom plate are jointed when being installed. The length of the first clamping block 21 is greater than the width of the bottom plate 1.
The second clamping blocks 22 are matched with the extension parts 212 of the first clamping blocks 21, and the second clamping blocks 22 are used for pressing the extension parts 212 of the first clamping blocks 21 to the bottom of the steel rail 4, so that the extension parts 212 attach the base plate 1 to the bottom of the steel rail 4. One end of the base plate 1 is connected to the side of the extension portion 212, and the second clamping block 22 is attached to one end (when installed) of the extension portion 212. The first clamping block 21 and the second clamping block 22 are respectively provided with a wedge-shaped bayonet 26 for clamping on the edge of the steel rail 1. Thus, when the two clamping blocks are connected by the pin 24 and the nut 25, the fastening force of the nut 25 is converted into a pressing force on the base plate 1 through the wedge-shaped bayonet 26. Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of a wheel-rail coupled vertical force detection device for an axle counting according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Further, the detection device further comprises a temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 for temperature compensation, so that the accuracy of vertical force detection is improved. As shown in figure 1, three fiber grating sensors are sensitively solidified on a stainless steel rail base plate 1, and a temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 is not influenced by the bending stress of the base plate. Specifically, three fiber bragg gratings are firstly cured on a strain gauge, the fiber bragg gratings are pre-tensioned through the curing process, that is, the fiber bragg grating sensors 3 are formed, and then the three fiber bragg grating sensors 3 are respectively cured on the bottom plate 1. For the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 for collecting the vertical force of the wheel axle coupling, both ends of the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 are solidified on the bottom plate 1, one end of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 is fixed on the bottom plate 1, and the other end of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 is freely suspended or solidified on the sensors in the direction perpendicular to the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 (and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32), namely, the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 is installed on the bottom plate 1 in a mode of not being influenced by the vertical force of the wheel axle coupling. Without loss of generality, the temperature compensated fiber grating sensor 33 is located between two stress sensing fiber grating sensors, fixed on the long axis of the base plate by two fixing points, as shown in fig. 5. In other embodiments, it may be suspended from the base plate 1 by a fastening point at any convenient location. The three fiber bragg gratings are formed with certain pretension when being solidified on the strain gauge, stress collection or temperature change collection can be achieved according to the pretension, and the fiber bragg grating sensor self-checking device can be used for self-checking of the fiber bragg grating sensor. The grating is solidified on the strain foil and is applied with pretension force, so that the wavelength of the grating is increased by a certain value, such as 2nm, compared with the initial wavelength, whether the grating is in a healthy state can be judged by monitoring the wavelength of the grating, and if the wavelength of the grating is suddenly reduced by 2nm, the grating is released from the strain foil.
Further, a stress interference protection part 11 is further arranged between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors on the bottom plate 1. In the embodiment of the present invention, the stress interference protection portion 11 is a through hole or a recessed portion disposed between two stress detection fiber grating sensors on the bottom plate. That is, processing such as punching to form through holes or thinning to form recesses is performed at corresponding positions of the base plate 1. The interference prevention part 11 formed by processing the base plate makes the two stress detection fiber grating sensors bear stress without interference. In the embodiment of the present invention, two stress interference protection portions are disposed between two stress detection fiber grating sensors, and the two stress interference protection portions 11 are respectively disposed between the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33, and between the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 22, as shown in fig. 6. In further embodiments, two stress-sensing fiber grating sensors may be provided with only one stress interference shield 11. The stress interference prevention part 11 may be a through hole or a recess of any shape, such as a rectangle, an ellipse, etc. Fig. 7 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a stress interference prevention part of a via structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 8 shows a partial cross-sectional view of a stress interference prevention part of a recess structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the embodiment of the invention, the stress interference protection part 11 avoids signal interference between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors, so that the two stress detection fiber grating sensors arranged on the bottom plate with limited length have good working states. When a train passes by, the coupling curves formed by the two stress detection fiber grating sensors have a sequence, and the problem that the sequence of the curves cannot be judged due to stress interference can be solved by punching or thinning.
Further, the central region of the base plate 1 forms a recess for accommodating a fiber grating sensor or the like. The detection device also comprises a cover plate 12 and a fiber grating sensor which is matched with the groove and is arranged in the groove on the bottom plate 1 in a sealing mode, and the cover plate 12 is matched with the groove in shape. During installation, a transmission optical cable is led into the rail base plate 1 from an optical cable groove of the stainless steel rail base plate and is welded with the fiber bragg gratings of the fiber bragg grating sensors, the tail fiber discs of the fiber bragg grating sensors are placed in the stainless steel rail base plate, liquid silicon rubber is injected for encapsulation treatment, the vibration resistance of the detection device is improved, and finally the detection device is sealed by the cover plate 12.
Furthermore, a looseness monitoring fiber grating sensor can be arranged in the pin shaft and used for monitoring whether looseness occurs after the detection device is installed, and therefore the safety of the axle counting is effectively improved. Specifically, a hole is formed at one end of the pin 24, and the looseness monitoring fiber grating sensor is fixedly arranged in the hole. Without loss of generality, the hole has the same central axis as the pin 24. After the detection device is installed, the wavelength corresponding to the grating of the optical fiber grating sensor is monitored through system recording loosening, when the pin shaft is loosened, the wavelength of the grating can be changed, and the system gives an alarm. Specifically, when the wavelength change of the grating exceeds a certain threshold value or the change state of the wavelength is maintained to exceed a certain time threshold value, the system gives an alarm, and maintenance personnel can fasten or replace and maintain the pin shaft according to the alarm information.
When the train wheels pass through the detection area provided with the detection device, the steel rail generates stress change under the action of the gravity of the carriage and deforms, and the stress detection fiber grating sensor on the bottom plate deforms along with the steel rail because the bottom plate 1 and the steel rail 4 are closely attached and do not have relative displacement, so that the sensing of the fiber grating sensor on the wheel rail coupling is realized.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an axle counting method, which finishes axle counting by using the sensor parameter change value acquired by the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting.
The wavelengths of the three fiber gratings are collected in real time, and a first wheel-track coupling curve is obtained through the difference value between the wavelength of the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the wavelength of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33. And obtaining a second wheel-track coupling curve by detecting the difference value between the wavelength of the fiber grating sensor 32 and the wavelength of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor 33 through the second stress. Because the three sensors are positioned in the same temperature field, the influence of temperature on the axle coupling vertical force detection and axle counting is eliminated by a wavelength difference method. Fig. 9 shows a schematic representation of the wheel axle coupling curve (the first wheel axle coupling curve is identical to the second wheel axle coupling curve), with time on the abscissa and the value of the change in the sensor variable, i.e. the wavelength difference, on the ordinate.
In the embodiment of the invention, the low-pass filter is used for filtering the wavelength detected in real time, so that the obtained data is smoother, and the accuracy of the axle counting algorithm is improved.
In addition, the axis counting algorithm in the prior art does not consider fault-tolerant processing, and is easy to cause error counting or missing counting. The axle counting method provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts two thresholds for judgment.
Acquiring grating signals of two stress detection fiber grating sensors in real time, and acquiring a wavelength difference value according to the grating signal of each stress detection fiber grating sensor;
determining the state of each stress detection fiber grating sensor according to the wavelength difference change of the stress detection fiber grating sensor:
if the wavelength difference value rises from being lower than a first threshold value to reach the first threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a first state that the train enters a sensitive area;
if the wavelength difference value is decreased from being higher than the first threshold value to reach a second threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a second state that the train leaves the sensitive area;
the first threshold is greater than the second threshold;
determining the state combination of the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device at the moment according to the states of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors at the same moment;
determining a state time sequence according to a plurality of state combinations which sequentially appear;
and counting the axes according to the state time sequence. For example, when the train passes through the determined forward direction, the counting shaft is increased by 1, and when the train passes through the determined reverse direction, the counting shaft is decreased by 1.
Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10, the states of the stress detection fiber gratings are divided into two states, which are indicated by 0 and 1, where state 0 is that the wheel is outside the sensitive area of the sensor, and state 1 is that the wheel is in the sensitive area of the sensor. The two thresholds are denoted by th1 and th2, and are used for judging the states of the two stress sensors, acquiring a wavelength difference value according to the grating signal, and determining the states of the sensors according to the relationship between the wavelength difference value and the first threshold and the second threshold in the change process. The first threshold th1 indicates the entrance of a train into the sensitive area of the sensor and the second threshold th2 indicates the exit of a wheel from the sensitive area of the sensor, where th1> th2. Through the double-threshold method, the fault-tolerant processing of the axle counting method is further improved, and the accuracy and the stability of an axle counting system are improved.
And updating the states of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors according to the data acquired in real time. When the state of the sensor is 0, if the real-time strain value (wavelength difference) of the sensor is greater than th1, the state of the sensor becomes 1, and when the state of the sensor is 1, if the real-time strain value (wavelength difference) of the sensor is less than th2, the state of the sensor becomes 0.
As shown in fig. 10, a curve S1 is a first wheel-rail coupling curve, a curve S2 is a second wheel-rail coupling curve, and the state change process of the two wheel-axle curves is represented by a state time sequence according to a dual threshold:
in the time from 0 to t1, the states of the curves S1 and S2 are 0 (the states of S1 and S2, i.e. the states of the corresponding first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31 and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32), the wavelength difference values are both smaller than th1, at this time, the state of S1 is 0, the state of S2 is 0, and the combined state of S1 and S2 is 00;
after the time t1, the value of S1 is greater than th1, the state of S1 is changed into 1, the state of S2 is 0, and the combined state of S1 and S2 is 10 in the time period t1-t 2;
after the time t2, the value of S2 is greater than the threshold th1, at this time, the state of S1 is 1, the state of S2 is changed into 1, and the combined state of S1 and S2 is 11 within the time period t2-t 3;
after the time t3, the value of S1 is less than th2, the state of S1 is changed into 0, the state of S2 is 1, and the combined state of S1 and S2 is 01 in the time period t3-t 4;
after time t4, the value of S2 is smaller than th2, at this time, the S1 state is 0, the S2 state is 0, and the combined state of S1 and S2 is 00.
When a train passes from the first stress detection fiber grating sensor to the second stress detection fiber grating sensor, the state time sequence of S1 and S2 is 00, 10, 11, 01 and 00; on the contrary, when the train passes from the second stress detection fiber grating sensor 32 to the first stress detection fiber grating sensor 31, the state time sequence of S1 and S2 is 00, 01, 11, 10, 00; therefore, the wheel axle counting and direction judging functions can be completed through the change of the state time sequence. The method can accurately capture the state change direction of each sensor by adopting a double-threshold mode, and in the wavelength difference value rising process, only if the threshold value is obtained by continuous rising (from the state of 0 to the state of more than th 1), the train is considered to enter a sensitive area, and the identification of the wavelength difference value falling process is also carried out. Thus, miscalculation is reduced. In addition, the detection device comprising the two stress detection fiber bragg grating sensors based on the embodiment of the invention can realize shaft counting and direction judgment, greatly simplify construction and reduce cost.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The utility model provides a meter axle is with vertical power detection device of wheel rail coupling which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a bottom plate, two fastening components and a fiber grating sensor;
the fiber grating sensors at least comprise two stress detection fiber grating sensors, namely a first stress detection fiber grating sensor and a second stress detection fiber grating sensor;
the two fastening components are respectively arranged at the two ends of the bottom plate so as to attach and fix the bottom plate below the bottom surface of the steel rail;
the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor are arranged on the bottom plate at a certain distance and used for detecting the wheel-rail coupling vertical force of the steel rail when the wheel passes by;
the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for the axle counting is used for determining the state of each stress detection fiber grating sensor according to the wavelength difference change of each stress detection fiber grating sensor:
if the wavelength difference value rises from being lower than a first threshold value to reach the first threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a first state that the train enters a sensitive area;
if the wavelength difference value is reduced from being higher than the first threshold value to reach a second threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a second state that the train leaves the sensitive area;
the first threshold is greater than the second threshold;
the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for the axle counting is used for determining the state combination of the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device at the moment according to the states of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors at the same moment;
the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for the axle counting is used for determining a state time sequence according to a plurality of sequentially-appearing state combinations;
the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for axle counting is used for counting axles according to a state time sequence;
the separation distance is determined by the following formula:
2. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detecting device for an axle counting according to claim 1,
the fixing directions of the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor are parallel to or coincident with the long axis of the bottom plate.
3. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detecting device for an axle counting according to claim 2,
the spacing distance between the first stress detection fiber grating sensor and the second stress detection fiber grating sensor is determined according to the demodulation frequency of the grating signal, the number of spacing points of the grating wavelength sampling points and the track speed limit.
4. The axle counting wheel rail coupling vertical force detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each fastening member comprises:
a first clamping block and a second clamping block;
and the first clamping block and the second clamping block are respectively provided with a matched pin shaft hole for connecting the first clamping block and the second clamping block through a pin shaft and are fastened by nuts.
5. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detecting device for axle counting according to claim 4,
the first clamping block comprises a first clamping block head and a long-strip-shaped extension part;
the second clamp block comprises a second clamp block head;
the pin shaft holes are respectively arranged on the first clamping block head and the second clamping block head;
the second clamping block is used for pressing the extension part of the first clamping block on the bottom of the steel rail.
6. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device for the axle counting according to claim 5, wherein the first clamping block and the second clamping block are respectively provided with a wedge-shaped bayonet for being clamped at the edge of a steel rail.
7. The wheel-rail coupled vertical force detecting device for axle counting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: the temperature of the fiber grating sensor is compensated by temperature,
the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor is fixed on the bottom plate in a direction perpendicular to the first stress detection fiber grating sensor;
or only one end of the temperature compensation fiber grating sensor is fixed on the bottom plate.
8. The wheel-rail coupled vertical force detecting device for axle counting according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
and a stress interference protection part is arranged between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors on the bottom plate and is used for avoiding stress interference between the two stress detection fiber grating sensors.
9. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detecting device for an axle counting according to claim 8,
the stress interference protection part is a through hole or a concave part arranged on the bottom plate.
10. The wheel-rail coupled vertical force detecting device for an axle counting according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a cover plate is arranged on the upper surface of the shell,
a groove is formed in the central area of the bottom plate and used for accommodating the fiber grating sensor;
the cover plate is used for being matched with the groove and sealing the fiber grating sensor arranged in the groove.
11. The wheel-rail coupling vertical force detecting device for axle counting according to claim 4,
and a looseness monitoring fiber grating sensor is arranged in the pin shaft and used for monitoring whether the detection device is loosened after being installed.
12. An axle counting method, wherein axle counting is performed using the wheel-rail coupled vertical force detecting device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. The axle counting method of claim 12, comprising:
determining the state of each stress detection fiber grating sensor according to the wavelength difference change of the stress detection fiber grating sensor:
if the wavelength difference value rises from being lower than a first threshold value to reach the first threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a first state that the train enters a sensitive area;
if the wavelength difference value is reduced from being higher than the first threshold value to reach a second threshold value, the state of the stress detection fiber grating sensor is changed into a second state that the train leaves the sensitive area;
the first threshold is greater than the second threshold;
determining the state combination of the wheel-rail coupling vertical force detection device at the moment according to the states of the two stress detection fiber grating sensors at the same moment;
determining a state time sequence according to a plurality of state combinations which sequentially appear;
and counting the axes according to the state time sequence.
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| CN113548086B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2022-04-12 | 北京全路通信信号研究设计院集团有限公司 | Axle counting method and axle counting system based on wheel-rail coupling shearing force detection |
| CN113879358B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-06-09 | 国能朔黄铁路发展有限责任公司 | Track state monitoring device and method, control device and storage medium |
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