CN113331430A - Method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues - Google Patents
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- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 296
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 29
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 146
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 146
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 146
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 72
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 71
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 62
- 240000002319 Citrus sinensis Species 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000005976 Citrus sinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 16
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 108010001078 naringinase Proteins 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 96
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 67
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 33
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 33
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 23
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001672694 Citrus reticulata Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 208000029742 colonic neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/06—Enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soluble dietary fiber preparation, and particularly discloses a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues. The method comprises the following steps: (1) crushing citrus fruit peel residues to obtain citrus fruit peel residue powder; (2) performing irradiation treatment on the citrus fruit peel residue powder to obtain irradiated citrus fruit peel residue powder; (3) mixing the irradiated citrus peel residue powder with water to prepare a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; (4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A with water, adding complex enzyme 1 and complex enzyme 2 for enzymolysis to prepare soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B; (5) and mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain the soluble dietary fiber. The soluble dietary fiber prepared by the method has high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soluble dietary fiber preparation, in particular to a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues.
Background
Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) genus Rutaceae genus plant of the genus Citrus. 135 countries in the world produce oranges, the annual output is 10282.2 ten thousand tons, the area is 10730 ten thousand mu, and the oranges all live at the top of hundreds of fruits. First order several brazil, 2425.26 ten thousand tons; second U.S., 1633.52 ten thousand tons; third, 1078 million tons in china; and then Mexico, Spain, Iran, India, Italy, etc. Citrus is also prepared into canned citrus, fruit juice, jam, preserved citrus and other products besides fresh food. At the same time, a large amount of citrus peel is also produced. The citrus processing by-product peel and residues account for about 40-50% of the fresh weight of citrus, and if the citrus peel and residues cannot be reasonably utilized, not only is the resource waste caused, but also adverse effects are generated on the environment.
The dietary fiber is carbohydrate which can not be digested by human bodies, has the effects of preventing obesity, enhancing immunity, preventing diabetes, preventing colon cancer, inhibiting harmful bacteria and the like, is divided into two categories of water-insoluble fiber and water-soluble fiber, and particularly has more remarkable physiological effect of the soluble dietary fiber. With the continuous change of the dietary structure of people, the intake of dietary fiber is seriously insufficient, which leads to the continuous increase of various nutritional diseases. Therefore, the development and utilization of dietary fibers has become one of the hot spots of current research. The preparation of the soluble dietary fiber of the citrus not only can solve the problems of environmental pollution and resource waste in the processing process of the citrus, improve the utilization value of byproducts, but also can be used as an additive in the processing process of food to improve the performance of the food. Therefore, the development of a method for preparing the soluble dietary fiber from the citrus fruit peel residues is of great significance.
In addition, the high-quality soluble dietary fiber has higher water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility; however, how to prepare soluble dietary fiber with high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility from citrus peel residues is a difficulty in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one technical problem in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing citrus fruit peel residues to obtain citrus fruit peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment on the citrus fruit peel residue powder to obtain irradiated citrus fruit peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated citrus fruit peel residue powder with water, heating to 60-100 ℃, keeping for 2-4 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A with water, and adding complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; and adding ethanol into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C for alcohol precipitation, and washing and drying the precipitate to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
The invention provides a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues for the first time; firstly, performing irradiation treatment on fruit peel residue powder; after irradiation treatment, on one hand, the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by subsequent preparation is improved, and more importantly, the soluble dietary fiber with high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility is prepared.
In addition, the invention further prepares the insoluble dietary fiber A in the step (3) into a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B through two times of enzymolysis; mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B with the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A to finally prepare the soluble dietary fiber; the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A are mixed, so that the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber is improved; more importantly, the soluble dietary fiber prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A has high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility.
Research shows that the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B with the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A are higher than those of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by separately preparing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B or the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A; the soluble dietary fiber prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A has unexpectedly high water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity and expansibility.
For the person skilled in the art, there are indeed no major technical problems if the soluble dietary fibres are simply prepared from citrus fruit peel residues; however, it is not easy to prepare soluble dietary fiber with high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility, which is a problem to be overcome by those skilled in the art. In order to overcome the problem, the method disclosed by the invention is successfully developed, and high-quality soluble dietary fiber (namely high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility) can be prepared by adopting the method disclosed by the invention; in the present invention, the inventor needs to emphasize that the irradiation, the two times of enzymolysis of the insoluble dietary fiber A and the preparation of the soluble dietary fiber by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A are the core steps of the invention, and the three steps are an integral and indispensable step for preparing the high water-holding capacity, the oil-holding capacity and the expansibility.
Preferably, the citrus fruits include oranges, navel oranges and grapefruits.
Preferably, the irradiation dose in the step (2) is 3-9 kGy.
Further research by the inventor shows that the selection of the irradiation dose is very important, and soluble dietary fiber with higher water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility can be obtained in the irradiation dose range.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the irradiated citrus fruit peel powder to water in step (3) is 1: 15 to 35.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the insoluble dietary fiber A to the water in the step (4) is 1: 2 to 3.
Preferably, the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 in the step (4) is 0.2-0.5% of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 1.5-3.0 h at the temperature of 45-65 ℃.
Preferably, the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 in the step (4) is 0.3-0.6% of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 1-3.0 h at 40-60 ℃.
Preferably, the complex enzyme 1 in the step (4) comprises glucose oxidase and cellulase.
Further preferably, the weight ratio of the glucose oxidase to the cellulase is 1-2: 1 to 2.
Preferably, the complex enzyme 2 in the step (4) is a mixture of at least two of xylanase, amylase, protease and naringinase.
Further preferably, the complex enzyme 2 in the step (4) consists of xylanase, amylase and naringinase.
Most preferably, the weight ratio of the xylanase, the amylase and the naringinase is 2-4: 1-2: 1 to 2.
In the prior art, the soluble dietary fiber is prepared by an enzymolysis method aiming at other fruit residues; however, the prior art generally uses a single cellulase for enzymatic hydrolysis. However, in the light of the present invention, the research of the inventors shows that the insoluble dietary fiber A prepared in step (3) of the present invention is enzymatically hydrolyzed by only a single cellulase, and a soluble dietary fiber with high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility is not obtained; in order to obtain the soluble dietary fiber with high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility, a large number of experimental researches show that the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber can be greatly improved by performing enzymolysis by adopting the complex enzyme 1 and then performing enzymolysis by adopting the complex enzyme 2. Further research by the inventor shows that when the complex enzyme 2 consists of xylanase, amylase and naringinase, the soluble dietary fiber with the highest water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility can be obtained.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for preparing soluble dietary fiber from citrus fruit peel residues for the first time; the soluble dietary fiber prepared by the method has high water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further explained with reference to the following specific examples, which do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase and amylase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 2.0h at the temperature of 55 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
Example 2 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 3kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 15 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 60 ℃, keeping for 4h, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/5 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 12h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 2: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from protease and naringinase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.2 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: performing enzymolysis at 45 deg.C for 3.0 h; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.3 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 3.0 h.
Example 3 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 9kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 35 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 100 ℃, keeping for 2 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/3 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/3 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 4 ℃ for 8h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 2, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase and naringinase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: performing enzymolysis for 1.5h at 65 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.6 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 60 deg.C for 1.0 h.
Example 4 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase, amylase and naringinase according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 2.0h at the temperature of 55 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
In the embodiment 4, the complex enzyme 2 consists of three enzymes, namely xylanase, amylase, naringinase and the like; whereas the complex enzyme 2 of examples 1-3 consists of only two enzymes.
Example 5 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase, amylase, protease and naringinase according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 2.0h at the temperature of 55 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
In example 5, the complex enzyme 2 consists of four enzymes, namely xylanase, amylase, protease, naringinase and the like; whereas the complex enzyme 2 of examples 1-3 consists of only two enzymes.
Comparative example 1 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber.
Comparative example 1 differs from example 1 in that the soluble dietary fiber was prepared from only soluble dietary fiber concentrate a of example 1; the soluble dietary fiber in example 1 was prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrate a and the soluble dietary fiber concentrate B.
Comparative example 2 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase and amylase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 2.0h at the temperature of 55 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
Comparative example 2 differs from example 1 in that the soluble dietary fiber was prepared from only soluble dietary fiber concentrate B of example 1; the soluble dietary fiber in example 1 was prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrate a and the soluble dietary fiber concentrate B.
Comparative example 3 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) mixing the navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(3) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme deactivation is carried out, and then the compound enzyme 2 is added for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(4) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (3), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the compound enzyme 2 is prepared from xylanase and amylase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition;
the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: carrying out enzymolysis for 2.0h at the temperature of 55 ℃; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
Comparative example 3 differs from example 1 in that comparative example 3 does not undergo an irradiation treatment step.
Comparative example 4 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3 mixing, and then adding cellulase for enzymolysis; after enzymolysis, enzyme is deactivated, and soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtration; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the adding amount of the cellulase is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the cellulase are as follows: enzymolysis at 55 deg.C for 2.0 h.
Comparative example 4 differs from example 1 in that only cellulase was used for the enzymatic hydrolysis; in the embodiment 1, the enzymolysis is carried out by adopting a two-step enzymolysis method of firstly adopting the complex enzyme 1 and then adopting the complex enzyme 2 and the like.
Comparative example 5 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding the complex enzyme 1 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 1 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 1 is prepared from glucose oxidase and cellulase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 1 is 0.4 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 1 are as follows: enzymolysis at 55 deg.C for 2.0 h.
The difference between the comparative example 5 and the example 1 is that only the compound enzyme 1 is adopted for enzymolysis; in the embodiment 1, the enzymolysis is carried out by adopting a two-step enzymolysis method of firstly adopting the complex enzyme 1 and then adopting the complex enzyme 2 and the like.
Comparative example 6 preparation of soluble dietary fiber
(1) Crushing the navel orange peel residues to obtain navel orange peel residue powder;
(2) performing irradiation treatment (the electron beam irradiation dose is 6kGy) on the navel orange peel residue powder to obtain irradiated navel orange peel residue powder;
(3) mixing the irradiated navel orange peel residue powder and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 25 mixing, putting into a water bath, heating to 80 ℃, keeping for 3 hours, and filtering to obtain a soluble dietary fiber stock solution A and an insoluble dietary fiber A; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution A to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A;
(4) mixing insoluble dietary fiber A and distilled water according to the weight ratio of 1: 3, mixing, and then adding a complex enzyme 2 for enzymolysis; after the enzymolysis of the compound enzyme 2 is finished, enzyme is deactivated, and a soluble dietary fiber stock solution B is obtained by filtering; concentrating the soluble dietary fiber stock solution B to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B;
(5) mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B to obtain a soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C; adding 85% ethanol (the volume of the ethanol is 3 times of that of the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C) into the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution C, standing at 8 ℃ for 10h, taking out precipitate, washing with 85% ethanol for 2 times, and drying to obtain the soluble dietary fiber;
in the step (4), the complex enzyme 2 is prepared by mixing xylanase and amylase according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, preparing a composition; the adding amount of the complex enzyme 2 is 0.5 percent of the weight of the insoluble dietary fiber A; the enzymolysis conditions of the compound enzyme 2 are as follows: enzymolysis at 50 deg.C for 2.0 h.
The comparative example 6 is different from the example 1 in that the enzymolysis is carried out only by using the compound enzyme 2; in the embodiment 1, the enzymolysis is carried out by adopting a two-step enzymolysis method of firstly adopting the complex enzyme 1 and then adopting the complex enzyme 2 and the like.
Taking the soluble dietary fibers prepared in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6; respectively testing the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansion force; the test results are shown in Table 1.
The water holding capacity test method comprises the following steps: taking 0.1g of soluble dietary fiber sample, adding 30mL of distilled water, mixing uniformly, standing for 1h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 10min, taking the precipitate, and weighing.
Water holding capacity (g/g) ═ sample wet weight (g) -sample dry weight (g) ]/sample dry weight (g)
The oil holding capacity test method comprises the following steps: weighing 0.5g of soluble dietary fiber sample, adding 20mL of corn oil, mixing uniformly, standing for 2h, centrifuging at 5000r/min for 20min, removing upper layer of oil, wiping off oil attached to the wall of the centrifugal tube, weighing, and calculating oil holding capacity.
Oil holding capacity (g/g) ═ sample wet weight (g) -sample dry weight (g) ]/sample dry weight (g)
The method for testing the expansion force comprises the following steps: weighing 0.1g of soluble dietary fiber sample, reading the volume value, adding 10mL of distilled water, shaking uniformly, standing for 24h, and reading the volume of the soluble dietary fiber in the liquid.
Overrun (mL/g) ═ volume of soluble dietary fiber after swelling (mL) -volume of dry sample (mL)/dry weight of sample (g)
TABLE 1 soluble dietary fiber quality test results
As can be seen from the experimental data in Table 1, the soluble dietary fibers prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention have the water holding capacity of more than 30g/g, the oil holding capacity of 1.5g/g and the expansibility of more than 70mL/g, and have higher water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility.
The data in the embodiment 4 show that the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansibility are far higher than those in the embodiments 1 to 3 and the embodiment 4, which indicates that the complex enzyme 2 is composed of xylanase, amylase, naringinase and other three enzymes, and the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by the method are far higher than those of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by the complex enzyme 2 by adopting any two or four combinations of xylanase, amylase, protease and naringinase; the complex enzyme 2 is composed of xylanase, amylase, naringinase and other three enzymes, and obtains unexpected water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansive force; especially, the oil holding capacity is increased most obviously.
As can be seen from comparison of comparative examples 1 and 2 and example 1, the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared in example 1 are far higher than those of comparative examples 1 and 2; the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A are higher than those of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by separately mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B or the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A; the expected water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansion force are obtained.
Compared with the comparative example 3 and the example 1, the water holding capacity, the oil holding capacity and the expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared in the example 1 are far higher than those of the comparative example 3; this shows that the irradiation step is indispensable in the invention, the soluble dietary fiber prepared by the irradiation step is reduced, and the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber are far inferior to those of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by the irradiation step.
As can be seen by comparing comparative examples 4-6 with example 1, the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility of the soluble dietary fiber prepared in example 1 are far higher than those of comparative examples 4-6; this shows that two-step enzymolysis is indispensable in the invention, and the water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and swelling capacity of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by using conventional cellulase or only one-step enzymolysis are far inferior to those of the soluble dietary fiber prepared by using the conventional cellulase.
In conclusion, the irradiation, the two times of enzymolysis of the insoluble dietary fiber A and the preparation of the soluble dietary fiber by mixing the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution B and the soluble dietary fiber concentrated solution A are the core steps of the invention, and the three steps are integrated and are indispensable steps for preparing the high water-holding capacity, the oil-holding capacity and the expansive force; the soluble dietary fiber with higher water holding capacity, oil holding capacity and expansibility can not be prepared by any steps.
Claims (10)
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