Method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus in water body and removing antibiotics based on sludge-based biochar
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus and removing antibiotics in a water body based on sludge-based biochar, belonging to the field of sludge resource utilization and the field of composite polluted water body purification.
Background
Phosphorus, as a non-renewable and irreplaceable mineral resource, is facing the crisis of increasing shortage with increasing global demand for food and phosphate fertilizers. Phosphorite has been listed as one of 20 mineral products which can not meet the requirements of national economy development after 2010 in China. Corresponding to the shortage of phosphorus resources, phosphorus, which is one of the three major nutrient elements, is easy to cause eutrophication of water bodies after being discharged into natural water bodies along with wastewater. Therefore, the recovery of phosphorus from wastewater by technical means has become one of the important research points in recent years. The current phosphorus recovery technology which is commonly used at home and abroad comprises the following steps: biological treatment technology, physical adsorption technology and struvite crystallization technology. Wherein, the biological treatment technology utilizes the biological effects of 'aerobic phosphorus absorption and anaerobic phosphorus release' of phosphorus accumulating bacteria to achieve the aim of recovering phosphorus resources by removing high-phosphorus sludge from the system; in the physical adsorption technology, phosphorus is transferred from a liquid phase to a solid phase surface by using an adsorbent (such as biochar), and in view of the general low phosphorus adsorption capacity of biochar, gold such as Fe, Al, Ca, Mg and the like is generally added into raw materialsThe metal element strengthens the adsorption of phosphorus; adding Mg salt into nitrogen and phosphorus wastewater, and controlling pH to be 8.5-10.5 to ensure that the Mg salt and NH in the wastewater4 +And PO4 3-The reaction produces magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals (commonly known as struvite). The physical adsorption technology and the struvite crystallization technology have the advantages that the biochar after saturated adsorption and the struvite after recovery can be reapplied to the soil in the form of a phosphorus slow-release fertilizer or a soil conditioner, and the physical adsorption technology and the struvite crystallization technology have higher economic value.
It is worth noting that as the use of antibiotics continues to increase worldwide, a significant portion of the antibiotics cannot be absorbed by human or animal tissues into the ecological environment cycle, presenting new challenges to traditional sewage and reclaimed and tap water treatment systems. The tetracycline antibiotics content in the livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is up to 317 mu g/L, and the sulfonamide antibiotics content is up to 686 mu g/L (Cai et al, Environmental Pollution 266 (2020) 115361). The high concentration of antibiotics in the sewage and wastewater remains, so that phosphorus-rich biochar and struvite recovered from the sewage are inevitably polluted by the antibiotics, and when the antibiotics are reapplied to soil, the antibiotics pollute the soil, further interfere the physiological functions of human bodies or animals, and even induce intestinal bacteria and environmental bacteria to generate resistance genes. Therefore, the seeking of a water treatment technology capable of recovering the nutrient element phosphorus in the composite polluted water body and removing the antibiotic pollution at the same time is not slow.
At present, few reports exist on the technology and the method for simultaneously treating phosphorus and antibiotics in water. The patent ' an up-flow constructed wetland for removing nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater ' (201310290731. X) ', provides a novel up-flow constructed wetland system, adopts oyster shells, waste bricks and red soil which have strong nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity and high biological holding capacity as wetland fillers, and plants wetland plant reeds with good pollution resistance, so that the requirement of synchronous treatment of nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater can be realized; the patent 'a processing method for simultaneously removing nitrogen and phosphorus, antibiotics and sterilizing in marine aquaculture wastewater' (201911402423.5), provides an electrochemical advanced oxidation technology, utilizes the advantage that seawater contains a large amount of chloride ions, and forms a plurality of free radicals with strong oxidability in the reaction process by means of the combined action of an external power supply and ultraviolet irradiation, thereby realizing good removal effect on a plurality of pollutants such as ammonia nitrogen, phosphorus, residual antibiotics and the like in the wastewater; the patent 'a method for removing tetracycline antibiotics in wastewater phosphorus recovery products' (201410197760.6), firstly removing suspended and colloidal organic matters in wastewater by pre-treatment methods such as coagulation, filtration, membrane filtration and the like to achieve the purpose of removing tetracycline antibiotics, and then adding a Mg source or a Ca source to perform crystallization precipitation reaction to obtain phosphorus recovery products.
The invention provides a brand-new method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus in water and removing antibiotics based on sludge-based biochar. The invention adopts the sludge generated in the sewage treatment process as the main raw material to prepare the sludge-based biochar rich in metal active sites such as C, Ca, Fe, Mg, Al and the like, and the sludge-based biochar has excellent adsorption performance on phosphorus in the composite polluted water body and can realize high-efficiency catalytic degradation on coexisting antibiotics in the presence of an oxidant. The invention provides a purification method of a composite polluted water body, realizes the recovery of phosphorus resources and solves the problem of antibiotic pollution of recovered phosphorus, and the recovered phosphorus-rich sludge-based biochar can be used as a phosphorus slow release fertilizer for soil improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus in a water body and removing antibiotics based on sludge-based biochar, aiming at the problems of purification of a composite polluted water body and susceptibility of phosphorus recovery products to antibiotic pollution.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme is as follows: (1) sludge generated in the sewage treatment process is taken as a main raw material, and the sludge-based biochar is prepared by the steps of anoxic pyrolysis, drying, grinding and the like; (2) adding the sludge-based biochar obtained in the step (1) into a phosphorus and antibiotic composite polluted water body, then adding an oxidant, transferring and enriching phosphorus in the water body to the surface of the sludge-based biochar through adsorption, and removing the antibiotic from the water body through catalytic oxidation reaction; (3) and (3) performing solid-liquid separation on the suspension obtained in the step (2), completing purification treatment on the phosphorus and antibiotic compound polluted water body, and simultaneously obtaining the sludge-based biochar which is rich in phosphorus and eliminates antibiotic pollution.
The sludge-based biochar takes sludge generated in a sewage treatment process as a main raw material and is prepared by the following steps: grinding the naturally air-dried sludge, putting the ground sludge into a porcelain boat or a porcelain crucible, and then carrying out anoxic pyrolysis carbonization in a tube furnace or a muffle furnace to obtain the sludge. The sludge is from a town sewage treatment plant, a papermaking sewage treatment plant or an industrial park sewage treatment plant, wherein the solid content is 40-60%, the organic matter content in the solid is 35-55%, the Fe element content in the inorganic ash is 2-10%, the Mg element content is 0.2-5%, and the Al element content is 0.2-5%; the anoxic pyrolysis is 400-800 in a nitrogen atmosphere, vacuum or anoxic air atmosphere oCPyrolysis was achieved in 2 hours.
The phosphorus and antibiotic compound polluted water body contains 5-200 mg/L of phosphorus, 20-1000 mug/L of antibiotic, and the antibiotic is any one or more of tetracycline, sulfadimidine, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime; the adding amount of the sludge-based biochar is 0.1-1 g/L; the oxidant is Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or hydrogen peroxide, and the addition amount is 0.1-2 mM.
The phosphorus content of the obtained sludge-based biochar which is rich in phosphorus and free of antibiotic pollution is 1-10%, and antibiotics are not detected. Can be used as a phosphorus slow release fertilizer for soil improvement.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows: the sludge-based biochar is rich in C, Fe, Mg, Al and other metal elements, can be used as an adsorbent to adsorb and enrich phosphorus nutrient elements in the composite polluted water body on one hand, and can be used as a catalyst to react with an oxidant, namely Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or hydrogen peroxide (H)2O2) Coupling to realize the efficient degradation of the antibiotic pollutants in the composite polluted water body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the sludge generated by urban domestic sewage treatment plants, papermaking sewage treatment plants or industrial park sewage treatment plants is used as a main raw material, and the efficient and stable sludge-based biochar is prepared by simple treatments such as drying, grinding, high-temperature roasting and the like, so that the problem of sludge treatment is effectively solved, and the purpose of changing waste into valuable is achieved; (2) according to the method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus in the water body and removing antibiotics based on the sludge-based biochar, the excellent phosphorus adsorption performance of the sludge-based biochar and the high-efficiency catalytic degradation performance of the sludge-based biochar to antibiotics when the sludge-based biochar is coupled with an oxidant are added, so that the high-efficiency adsorption of phosphorus in the composite polluted water body and the high-efficiency degradation of the antibiotics are realized, the purification problem of the composite polluted water body is effectively solved, and the recovered phosphorus product is easily polluted by the antibiotics; (3) the method for simultaneously recovering phosphorus and removing antibiotics in water based on the sludge-based biochar disclosed by the invention has the advantages of wide raw material source, low treatment cost, environmental friendliness and the like, not only utilizes sludge waste which is difficult to treat in a sewage treatment plant, but also purifies the composite polluted water, realizes the recovery of phosphorus resources, solves the problem of antibiotic pollution caused by phosphorus recovery, and has wide application prospects in the fields of sludge resource utilization and composite polluted water purification.
Drawings
FIGS. 1 (A-D) are graphs of phosphorus element profiles (EDS sweeps) of sludge-based biochar enriched with phosphorus and depleted of antibiotic contamination obtained in examples 1-4, respectively.
Detailed Description
To better illustrate the invention, the following examples are given:
example 1:
putting plate-and-frame filter-pressed sludge (with water content of 40%, organic matter content of 35%, iron element content of 4%, magnesium element content of 2% and aluminum element content of 5%) of urban sewage treatment plant into a ceramic crucible, covering, putting into a muffle furnace, and treating with 400% of a catalyst oCRoasting at high temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain MBCair-400。
Mixing 30 mg of MBCairAnd-400, adding the wastewater into 30 mL of the composite polluted wastewater containing 5-200 mg/L of phosphorus and 20 mug/L of tetracycline, and simultaneously adding 0.1 mM of oxidant PMS to perform simultaneous phosphorus adsorption and antibiotic degradation experiments. The research result shows that MBCairThe adsorption capacity of 400 to phosphorus is 30 mg/g, and the removal rate to antibiotics is more than 99%.
Example 2:
putting plate-and-frame filter-pressed sludge (with water content of 60%, organic matter content of 55%, iron element content of 8%, magnesium element content of 0.4% and aluminum element content of 0.2%) of a papermaking sewage treatment plant into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tubular furnace, and treating the porcelain boat with the sludge in a nitrogen atmosphere of 800% oCRoasting at high temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain PBCN2-800。
30 mg of PBCN2Adding the mixture to 300 mL of composite polluted wastewater containing 5-200 mg/L of phosphorus and 1000 mug/L of sulfadimidine, and simultaneously adding 1 mM of oxidant PMS to perform simultaneous phosphorus adsorption and antibiotic degradation experiments. The research result shows that PBCN2The adsorption capacity of-800 to phosphorus is 85 mg/g, and the removal rate to antibiotics is more than 99%.
Example 3:
placing sludge discharged by a sewage treatment plant in an industrial park (the water content is 50%, the organic matter content is 45%, the iron element content is 10%, the magnesium element content is 1%, and the aluminum element content is 0.5%) in a porcelain boat, placing the porcelain boat in a tubular furnace, and passing through a 600-degree mixer under a vacuum condition oCRoasting at high temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain IBCvac-600。
30 mg of IBCvacAdding the mixture into 60 mL of composite polluted wastewater containing 5-200 mg/L of phosphorus and 500 mug/L of ciprofloxacin, and simultaneously adding 0.5 mM of oxidant H2O2Simultaneous phosphorus adsorption and antibiotic degradation experiments were performed. The results of the study show that IBCvacThe adsorption capacity of-600 to phosphorus is 12 mg/g, and the removal rate to antibiotics is more than 99%.
Example 4:
putting plate-and-frame filter-pressed sludge (with water content of 40%, organic matter content of 35%, iron element content of 4%, magnesium element content of 5% and aluminum element content of 5%) of urban sewage treatment plant into a porcelain boat, putting the porcelain boat into a tube furnace, and treating the porcelain boat in a nitrogen atmosphere by 600 DEG C oCRoasting at high temperature for 2 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain MBCN2-600。
Mixing 30 mg of MBCN2Adding the mixture into 30 mL of composite polluted wastewater containing 5-200 mg/L of phosphorus and 200 mug/L of cefotaxime, and simultaneously adding 1 mM of oxidant PMS to perform simultaneous phosphorus adsorption and antibiotic degradation experiments. Results of the studyShows that MBCN2The adsorption capacity of-600 to phosphorus is 98 mg/g, and the removal rate to antibiotics is more than 99%.
Example 5:
the sludge-based biochar rich in phosphorus and free from antibiotic contamination obtained in examples 1 to 4 was subjected to phosphorus and antibiotic content analysis, and the results showed that MBCair-400、PBCN2-800、IBCvac-600、MBCN2Phosphorus contents of-600 were 4%, 10%, 1.5% and 11%, respectively, and no antibiotic was detected.