CN113315274B - An in-line slot conductor variable pole magnetic field modulation composite motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a direct plug-in slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor which comprises a stator core and a rotor core, wherein a movable magnetic modulation assembly is arranged between the stator core and the rotor core and comprises Pm magnetic modulation blocks, a magnetic modulation guide rail I and a magnetic modulation guide rail II; one end of the magnetic adjusting block is in sliding connection with the magnetic adjusting guide rail I, the other end of the magnetic adjusting block is in sliding connection with the magnetic adjusting guide rail II, the magnetic adjusting block can move along the magnetic adjusting guide rail I and the magnetic adjusting guide rail II, the distance between every two adjacent magnetic adjusting blocks is changed, and different magnetic adjusting combined modes are formed. The invention can be combined with an asynchronous rotor to realize the pole-changing speed-regulating effect of an asynchronous motor, can also be combined with a synchronous rotor to be matched with permanent magnet rotors with various magnetic pole numbers, and is matched with permanent magnet rotors with more pole pairs under the condition of not changing the number of stator slots, so that the invention is more suitable for the application field of direct-drive low-speed large torque.

Description

An in-line slot conductor variable pole magnetic field modulation composite motor

technical field

The invention relates to the field of magnetic field modulation motors, in particular to an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor.

Background technique

The commonly used winding structures of traditional motors are: stacked windings, non-overlapping concentrated windings, ring windings, etc. In these traditional winding structures, since all coils have loops, there will inevitably be end windings, which increases the length of the invalid windings; The long end winding will cause the disadvantages of low winding utilization, serious magnetic leakage at the end, and large copper consumption. Secondly, the traditional winding structure often requires a lot of manpower and material resources when embedding the wire, and the process is cumbersome. In addition, the traditional winding structure has the risk of inter-turn short-circuit fault. For winding structures such as double-layer stacked windings and non-overlapping concentrated windings, there is also the risk of inter-phase short-circuit faults; when a fault occurs, the windings are difficult to replace and repair.

In addition, under normal circumstances, the number of pole pairs of the manufactured motor cannot be changed. Only by making multi-speed motor windings with special wiring in advance, can the pole-pair number of speed regulation be realized. The variable-pole speed-regulated motor refers to the use of changing the connection of the stator windings to obtain two or more rotational speeds in a set of windings when the power frequency remains unchanged. ), it can also be a non-polar ratio (3:2). Obviously, the pole-changing speed regulation is a step-by-step speed regulation. The equipment to realize the pole-changing speed regulation is relatively simple, the technology is mature and reliable, but the jump value of the speed change is large, the wiring taps are many, the wiring is complicated, and the motor parameters will change greatly, so the speed regulation efficiency is low.

Compared with traditional motors, magnetic field modulation motors have obvious advantages in torque density, but because they operate at multiple operating harmonics, analysis, calculation and control are more complicated. The magnetic control ring of the traditional magnetic field modulation motor is mostly a fixed number of magnetic control blocks, and only a fixed number of armature magnetic field harmonics can be used to cooperate with the rotor with a fixed number of pole pairs.

In order to solve the above problems, people have been looking for an ideal technical solution.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies of the prior art, so as to provide an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation compound motor.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

An in-line slotted conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor, comprising a stator iron core and a rotor iron core, the stator iron core is provided with Ns tooth slots along the circumferential direction, and in-line slots are arranged in the tooth slots Conductors, Ns in-line slot conductors can form the smallest unit of different structures;

One end of the in-line slot conductor is inserted into the corresponding card slot of the conductive end ring for short-circuiting, and the other end of the in-line slot conductor is used to connect the power supply to generate the stator armature magnetic field, which is the magnetic field of the stator armature. The number of pole pairs of momentum is P ₁ ;

A movable magnetic adjustment assembly is arranged between the stator iron core and the rotor iron core, and the movable magnetic adjustment assembly includes Pm magnetic adjustment blocks, a magnetic adjustment guide I and a magnetic adjustment guide II; the magnetic adjustment block , one end of which is slidably connected with the magnetism-adjusting guide rail I, and the other end is slidably connected with the magnetism-adjusting guide rail II, and the magnetism-adjusting block can move along the magnetism-adjusting guide rail I and the magnetism-adjusting guide rail II, Change the spacing between adjacent magnet-adjusting blocks to form different magnet-adjusting combination modes;

Under different magnetic regulation combination modes, the movable magnetic regulation components combine different numbers of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks;

The total number of combination modes of magnetic regulation of the magnetic regulation block is j, and j=the total number of combinations of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks;

When the movable magnetic control assembly is in the i-th magnetic control combined mode, the movable magnetic control assembly can combine X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, and under the action of the X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, the armature The current main working harmonic of the magnetic field is transformed into the Y _i harmonic _, so that the pole logarithm of the air gap magnetic density _of the armature magnetic field is transformed into _{Y i} ; 1, 2, ..., j];

For the smallest unit of the same structure, the magnetic flux path is changed by adjusting the combined mode of the magnetic control block to change the current main working harmonic of the armature magnetic field, thereby indirectly changing the air gap magnetic pole pair of the stator armature magnetic field. number to achieve pole change.

The present invention has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress relative to the prior art, specifically:

1) The present invention provides an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor, which adopts a movable magnetic adjustment block structure, and can adjust the layout of the magnetic adjustment block by changing the combination mode of the magnetic adjustment block, and then reorganize the air gap. Magnetic field, which can change the number of magnetic poles in the air gap magnetic field;

In addition, the present invention can be combined with an asynchronous rotor (a squirrel-cage rotor or a solid rotor), and the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field can be changed through various combination modes of the magnetic control block, so as to realize the pole-changing speed regulation effect of the asynchronous motor. It can also be combined with synchronous rotors (electrically excited rotors or permanent magnet rotors), used in conjunction with synchronous rotors with various numbers of magnetic poles, and matched with synchronous rotors with more pole pairs without changing the number of stator slots. It is more suitable for direct-drive low-speed high-torque applications;

2) The present invention also provides an in-line slot conductor structure with no loops and short winding ends, which solves the serious problem of magnetic flux leakage at the ends of traditional motors, reduces the length and copper consumption of ineffective windings, and greatly improves the utilization of windings. Rate;

In addition, since the in-line slot conductor structure of the present invention has only one slot conductor per slot, there is no problem of inter-turn short-circuit fault; moreover, the windings of each phase are isolated from each other by the tooth slot, which reduces the occurrence of inter-phase short-circuit faults. probability, improve the reliability of the motor;

3) Compared with the problems of difficulty in disassembling the winding and difficult maintenance after the winding inter-turn short circuit or inter-phase short circuit fault occurs in the traditional motor, the in-line slot conductor structure proposed in the present invention adopts a plug-in design, and the in-line slot conductor It can be directly inserted into the tooth slot of the corresponding stator core, and the end of the straight-inserted slot conductor is inserted into the conductive end ring corresponding to the slot for short-circuiting; the wire insertion is convenient, the replacement is simple, and the maintenance is easy;

4) The in-line slot conductor provided by the present invention has no phase in space due to the back EMF between each in-line slot conductor in one phase under the phase splitting mode of 3 phases, 3 slots and 1 pair of poles (A-B-C). Therefore, the in-line slot conductor has a similar back EMF coefficient compared with the traditional integer slot winding structure (3-phase 6-slot 1 pair of poles A-Z-B-X-C-Y) under the phase splitting method of the present application,

In addition, compared with the traditional integer slot winding structure with the same number of slots, the in-line slot conductors of the present invention can be matched with more pole pairs of the synchronous rotor, and are more suitable for the low-speed and high-torque field of direct drive;

The back-EMF of each slot coil in one phase of the traditional fractional-slot winding has a phase difference in space, so compared with the traditional fractional-slot concentrated winding with the same number of slots, the back-EMF coefficient of the in-line slot conductor provided by the present invention is higher. , the motor can obtain a larger torque density.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the front schematic diagram of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor of the present invention;

3 is a schematic view of the back of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the movable magnetic adjustment assembly of the present invention;

Figures 5(a) to 5(c) are schematic diagrams of the guide rails of the movable magnetic adjustment assembly;

Figure 6(a) and Figure 6(b) are schematic diagrams of the stator and slot conductor structures;

Figures 7(a) to 7(e) are schematic diagrams of different phase separation modes of stator slot conductors;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the energization of each phase conductor;

Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of magnetic field distribution and rotation direction at each moment;

Figures 10(a) to 10(c) are schematic diagrams of asynchronous motors with 5 equivalent magnetic regulating blocks combined by movable magnetic regulating components;

Fig. 11(a) to Fig. 11(c) are schematic diagrams of asynchronous motors with 6 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks combined by movable magnetic adjustment components;

Figures 12(a) to 12(b) are schematic diagrams of a synchronous motor (taking a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example) with 10 equivalent magnetization blocks and 6 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotors;

Figures 13(a) to 13(b) are schematic diagrams of a synchronous motor (taking a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example) with 15 equivalent magnetization blocks and 11 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotors;

Figures 14(a) to 14(b) are schematic diagrams of a synchronous motor (taking a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example) with 20 equivalent magnetization blocks and 16 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotors;

Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the combined mode magnetic regulation process of 5 equivalent magnetic regulation blocks (for asynchronous motors);

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the combined mode of 10 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks for the magnetic adjustment process (for synchronous motors);

In the figure: 1. Stator iron core; 2. In-line slot conductor; 3. Magnetic adjustment block; 4. Rotor iron core; 41. Squirrel rotor; 42. Solid rotor; Magnetic guide rail II; 7. Conductive end ring; 8. Slider; 9. Pull rod; 10. Fixing bolt; 11. Permanent magnet.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor includes a stator iron core 1 and a rotor iron core 4, and the stator iron core 1 is provided with Ns pieces along the circumferential direction. The tooth slot, in which there is an in-line slot conductor 2, and Ns in-line slot conductors 2 can form the smallest unit of different structures;

One end of the in-line slot conductor 2 is inserted into the corresponding slot of the conductive end ring 7 for short-circuiting, and the other end of the in-line slot conductor 2 is used to connect the power supply to generate the stator armature magnetic field, and the stator electric The number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the pivot magnetic field is P ₁ , as shown in Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b);

A movable magnetic adjustment assembly is arranged between the stator iron core 1 and the rotor iron core 4, and the movable magnetic adjustment assembly includes Pm magnetic adjustment blocks 3, magnetic adjustment guide rails I5 and magnetic adjustment guide rails II6; the The magnetic adjustment block 3 is slidably connected to the magnetic adjustment guide rail I5 at one end and slidably connected to the magnetic adjustment guide rail II6 at the other end. The magnetic adjustment block 3 can slide along the magnetic adjustment guide rail I5 and the The magnetic guide rail II6 moves to change the spacing between the adjacent magnetic adjustment blocks to form different magnetic adjustment combination modes;

Under different magnetic regulation combination modes, the movable magnetic regulation components combine different numbers of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks;

The total number of combination modes of magnetic regulation of the magnetic regulation block is j, and j=the total number of combinations of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks;

When the movable magnetic control assembly is in the i-th magnetic control combined mode, the movable magnetic control assembly can combine X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, and under the action of the X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, the armature The current main working harmonic of the magnetic field is transformed into the Y _i harmonic, so that the pole logarithm of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field is transformed into Y _i ; where, the number of equivalent magnetic modulation blocks X _i = Y _i + P ₁ , i∈[ 1, 2, ..., j];

For the smallest unit of the same structure, the magnetic flux path is changed by adjusting the combined mode of the magnetic control block, so as to change the current main working harmonic of the armature magnetic field, and indirectly change the air gap flux density of the stator armature magnetic field through the magnetic control The number of pole pairs to achieve pole change.

Specifically, moving the magnetic adjustment block to form a first equivalent combination of magnetic adjustment blocks, so that the movable magnetic adjustment assembly is in the first magnetic adjustment combination mode:

The first combination of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks includes X ₁ equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks. Under the action of X ₁ equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, the current main working harmonic of the stator armature magnetic field is transformed into Y ₁ harmonic, Thus, the stator armature magnetic field air-gap magnetic pole logarithm is transformed into Y ₁ ; wherein, the equivalent number of magnetic adjustment blocks X ₁ = Y ₁ + P ₁ ;

Move the magnetic control block to form a second equivalent magnetic control block combination, so that the movable magnetic control assembly is in the second magnetic control combination mode:

The second combination of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks includes X ₂ equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks. Under the action of X ₂ equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, the current main working harmonic of the stator armature magnetic field is transformed into Y ₂ harmonics, Thus, the stator armature magnetic field air-gap magnetic pole logarithm is transformed into Y ₂ ; wherein, the equivalent number of magnetic adjustment blocks X ₂ = Y ₂ + P ₁ ;

And so on.

Specifically, the in-line slot conductor 2 is a copper rod or an aluminum rod, which has good electrical conductivity, and its shape is designed to fit according to the shape of the slot.

As shown in Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 6(b), one slot is inserted into one in-line slot conductor 2, the number of turns in each slot is 1 turn, the phases are isolated, there is no loop in the structure, there is no end winding, and copper loss Small, high winding utilization.

It should be noted that the number of pole pairs of magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is determined by the number of in-line slot conductors 2 and the wiring method; therefore, according to the number Ns of in-line slot conductors and the wiring method, the stator armature magnetic field can be obtained. The number of magnetomotive pole pairs P ₁ ;

The corresponding minimum unit structure is obtained through the wiring method of the in-line slot conductor. Under the wiring method of N ₁ phase and N ₂ slots, the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field generated by a minimum unit structure is 1 pair of poles;

Different wiring methods correspond to the minimum units of different structures. When the number Ns of in-line slot conductors remains unchanged, the minimum units of different structures correspond to different stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force pole pairs P ₁ , as shown in Figure 7 (a ) to Figure 7(e);

Among them, the number of pole pairs of magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field P ₁ =Ns/N ₂ , and N ₁ ≤N ₂ ≤Ns.

It can be understood that different wiring methods correspond to different phase separation methods. Under different phase separation methods of stator slot conductors, Ns in-line slot conductors can form different minimum unit structures; under the same number of slots, the minimum unit structures are different. The number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field of the motor is made different, which in turn affects the design of the number of magnetic adjustment blocks in the movable magnetic adjustment assembly.

In order to realize the phase separation method in this implementation, the traditional winding can only use the concentrated winding, and the concentrated winding has a loop (that is, there is an inlet and an outlet), and the synthetic potential space of the inlet and outlet of a coil has a phase difference, and the back EMF coefficient is low.

In a specific embodiment, if N ₁ =3, Ns=36, then:

As shown in Fig. 7(a), the connection mode is ABC, the minimum unit structure is 3-phase 3-slot, and the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 12 minimum unit motors; therefore, in this In this phase separation mode, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field generated by the 36 slots is 12 pairs of poles;

As shown in Fig. 7(b), the connection method is AABBCC, the minimum unit structure is 3-phase 6-slot, and the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 6 minimum unit motors; therefore, in this In this phase separation mode, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field generated by the 36 slots is 6 pairs of poles;

As shown in Fig. 7(c), the connection method is AAABBB-CCC, the minimum unit structure is 3-phase 9-slot, and the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 4 minimum unit motors; therefore, In this phase-splitting mode, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field generated by the 36 slots is 4 pairs of poles;

If the minimum unit structure is 3-phase 12-slot, the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 3 minimum unit motors; in this phase-splitting method, the stator armature magnetic field generated by the 36-slot is magnetically driven. The number of potential pole pairs P ₁ is 3 pairs of poles;

As shown in Fig. 7(d), the connection method is AAAAAAABBBBBBCCCCCC, the minimum unit motor is 3-phase 18-slot, and the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 2 minimum unit motors; therefore, in this In this phase-splitting mode, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is 2 pairs of poles;

As shown in Fig. 7(e), the minimum unit motor is 3-phase 36-slot, and the 36-slot in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor includes 1 minimum unit motor; therefore, in this split-phase mode , the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force generated by the 36 slots is 1 pair of poles.

Taking the smallest unit motor with 3 phases, 3 slots and 1 pair of poles as an example, the stator armature magnetic field at different times is analyzed to illustrate the operation mechanism of the in-line slot conductor; The graph of the current of each phase with time when the slot conductor is energized, the three-phase current changes sinusoidally and periodically; the current flow of each phase conductor at each moment is shown in the following table:

The above table shows the positive and negative values of the current of each phase corresponding to each moment, and the positive and negative values represent the direction of the current. Figure 9 shows the change diagram of the internal magnetic field lines of the motor at the corresponding moment; The magnetic field of a pair of poles rotates periodically with time to form a rotating magnetic field. Under the action of the rotating magnetic field, the rotor core rotates accordingly.

It should be noted that the magnetization block 3 is a magnetic conductor without polarity, and the magnetization block is a structure independent of the stator and the rotor; each equivalent magnetization block includes a plurality of magnetization blocks 3 , and the distance between the adjacent magnetic adjustment blocks is smaller than the preset value, so that the adjacent magnetic adjustment blocks are in close contact as an equivalent magnetic adjustment block. Without changing the arrangement of the in-line slot conductors or the energization method (the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field remains unchanged), the magnetic control block is freed by moving the magnetic control block in the movable magnetic control assembly Move the combination, thereby changing the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, and realize the free switching of the magnetic adjustment combination mode.

It can be understood that the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field sequentially passes through the stator iron core—outer air gap—equivalent magnetic control block—inner air gap—rotor iron core—inner air gap—another equivalent magnetic control block—outer air gap - The stator core, which forms the magnetic flux path. Since different combinations of magnetic control modes correspond to different numbers of equivalent magnetic control blocks, the positions of the magnetic control blocks in the magnetic control structures corresponding to different numbers of equivalent magnetic control blocks are different; therefore, changing the combined mode of magnetic control, It can make the position of the magnetic adjustment block change, and then change the magnetic flux path of the motor, and finally indirectly change the number of magnetic pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the stator armature magnetic field to achieve the purpose of changing the pole.

Example 2

As shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5(a) to Fig. 5(c), this embodiment provides a specific implementation of a movable magnetic adjustment component:

The two ends of the magnetization block 3 are respectively fixed with the slider 8. The slider 8 is installed on the magnetism adjustment guide rail I5 or the magnetization adjustment guide rail II6 through the fixing bolts 10. A pull rod 9 is installed on one side of the slider 8, which is a pull rod. 9. Provide a driving force, which can drive the magnetic adjustment block to move along the magnetic adjustment guide rail I5 and the magnetic adjustment guide rail II6, so as to change the position of the magnetic adjustment block and realize the adjustment of the combined magnetic adjustment mode.

It should be noted that, the least common multiple of the equivalent number of magnet-adjustable blocks X ₁ , X ₂ , ···, X _j = the total number of magnet-adjustable blocks Pm;

This is because the total number of magnetic control blocks is determined according to the harmonic order of the armature magnetic field to be used at the beginning of the design of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor, and the harmonic order of the armature magnetic field to be used = equivalent The number of magnetization blocks - the number of pole pairs P ₁ of magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field; wherein, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is also equal to the main working harmonic corresponding to the stator armature magnetic field before the magnetization adjustment frequency.

Taking the phase splitting mode of 3 phases, 9 slots and 1 pair of poles shown in Fig. 7(c) as an example, the operation principle of the magnetic control block is introduced:

In this phase-splitting mode, the 36 slots of the stator can generate four pairs of poles of the stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force, and the main working harmonic before the magnetic adjustment is the 4th harmonic. To use the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 11th and 16th harmonics and make the 1st, 2nd, 6th, 11th and 16th harmonics the main working harmonics, the corresponding number of equivalent magnetic tuning blocks should be set to 5 respectively. , 6, 10, 15 and 20;

In order to make the movable magnetic adjustment assembly can respectively combine 5, 6, 10, 15 and 20 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, the total number of magnetic adjustment blocks is the least common multiple of the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks in each combination, In this embodiment, the least common multiple of 5, 6, 10, 15, and 20 is 60. Therefore, the total number of magnet adjustable blocks required by the movable magnet adjustable assembly is 60.

The pole changing principle of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor is as follows: adjusting the combined mode of magnetic regulation to change the magnetic flux path, different magnetic flux paths correspond to different magnetic field distributions; under different magnetic field distributions, the stator electrical The current main working harmonics of the armature magnetic field are also different, and the number of air-gap magnetic density pole pairs corresponding to the stator armature magnetic field also changes accordingly; therefore, changing the spacing between adjacent magnetic adjustment blocks can change the current main working harmonics of the armature magnetic field. wave, and then adjust the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the stator armature magnetic field to achieve the pole changing effect.

It can be understood that the number of pole pairs in the air-gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field corresponds to the armature magnetic field in the air-gap magnetic field, because during the operation of the synchronous motor, the air-gap magnetic field includes the armature magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field. The method of describing the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field is adopted.

Specifically, the stator iron core 1 , the rotor iron core 4 and the magnetic adjustment block 3 are all made of ferromagnetic materials; the magnetic adjustment guide rails I5 and the magnetic adjustment guide rails II6 are made of aluminum materials , to reduce the weight of the motor.

It should be noted that the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor is different from the traditional magnetic field modulation motor: the number of magnetic modulation blocks of the traditional magnetic field modulation motor is fixed, and the stator winding arrangement and the stator winding arrangement are not changed. In the case of the energization method (the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field remains unchanged), according to the above-mentioned principle of magnetic regulation, the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field after the magnetic regulation is also fixed. The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor of the present invention adopts a movable magnetic adjustment block. Free switching of the number combination mode; therefore, the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field after magnetization can also be freely switched in the corresponding combination mode, so that the number Ns of the in-line slot conductors and the wiring method remain unchanged. Next, realize the pole change.

Example 3

This embodiment provides a specific implementation of an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation asynchronous motor:

Calculate the difference ΔP between the number of equivalent magnetic control blocks and the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field,

When ΔP is less than the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, the rotor core is configured as an asynchronous rotor;

During the operation of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation asynchronous motor, the magnetic modulation combination mode of the magnetic adjustment block is adjusted in a preset order, so that the stator armature magnetic field air gap in the inner air gap of the asynchronous rotor is close to The number of magnetic pole pairs is changed accordingly to increase or decrease the rotational speed of the asynchronous rotor.

It can be understood that the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is an inherent characteristic of the in-line slot conductor itself, which represents the ability of the in-line slot conductor to generate a magnetic field. When the in-line slot conductor structure and energization method remain unchanged When the stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force pole pair number P ₁ is fixed;

The pole pair number of the armature magnetic field air gap density is the pole pair number of the magnetic flux density of the armature magnetic field in the air gap between the stator and the rotor, which is affected by the magnetic flux path.

It should be noted that the principle of the in-line slot conductor variable pole magnetic field modulation asynchronous motor in this embodiment is different from the principle of the traditional asynchronous motor pole variable speed regulation:

The traditional asynchronous motor changes the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field of the asynchronous motor by changing the winding wiring method, thereby changing the motor speed. However, the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation asynchronous motor in this embodiment does not change the wiring method of the in-line slot conductor (the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field remains unchanged). Change the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, according to the principle of magnetic adjustment, change the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field, thereby changing the motor speed.

In practical applications, by designing a reasonable total number of magnetic adjustment blocks, if the space allows and meets the principle of magnetic adjustment, a variety of combinations of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks can be combined, so that the motor can operate at a variety of speeds. switch freely.

Taking the smallest unit motor with 3 phases, 9 slots and 1 pair of poles as an example, in this split-phase mode, the 36 slots of the stator can generate the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field of 4 pairs of poles, so its main working harmonic is the 4th harmonic; When the total number of the magnetic control blocks is 60, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 20 of these six equivalent magnetic control blocks can be combined by moving the magnetic control blocks.

As shown in Figures 10(a) to (c), in the combined mode of 5 equivalent magnetic control blocks, one equivalent magnetic control block consists of 12 magnetic control blocks; Figure 15 shows 5 equivalent magnetic control blocks Schematic diagram of the combined mode of the magnetic control block. When it is used for an asynchronous motor, the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is 4 pairs of poles. Under the action of the block, the main working harmonic of the armature magnetic field is transformed from the 4th harmonic to the 1st harmonic, thereby changing the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field, so that the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field is changed. It becomes a pair of poles, so that the speed of the asynchronous motor is transformed into the corresponding speed under a pair of poles.

As shown in Fig. 11(a) to (c), in the combined mode of 6 equivalent magnetization blocks, one equivalent magnetization block consists of 10 magnetization blocks. When used in an asynchronous motor, the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field before magnetization is 4 pairs of poles. The wave is transformed into the second harmonic, and the number of pole pairs in the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field becomes 2 pairs of poles, thereby changing the number of pole pairs in the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field, so that the speed of the asynchronous motor is transformed into the corresponding one under the two pairs of poles. Rotating speed.

Therefore, the combined mode of magnetic adjustment shown in Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 is suitable for asynchronous motors. During operation, by moving the magnetic adjustment block, the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks can be freely switched between 5 and 6. According to the magnetic adjustment According to the principle, the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field is also changed accordingly to achieve the effect of pole changing.

It should be noted that, the rotor core 4 in the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation asynchronous motor may be a squirrel rotor 41 or a solid rotor 42 .

Example 4

This embodiment provides a specific implementation of an in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor:

Calculate the difference ΔP between the number of equivalent magnetic control blocks and the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field,

When ΔP is greater than the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, the rotor iron core is configured as a synchronous rotor, and the synchronous rotor is used to generate the rotor excitation magnetic field;

The number of pole pairs of the magnetic field density in the air gap of the excitation magnetic field generated by the synchronous rotor can be converted into a value consistent with the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field. In the case of the number of stator slots or the in-line slot conductor connection method), the smallest unit of the same structure can be matched with synchronous rotors with various pole pairs;

Before the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor is started, the movable magnetic adjustment component is adjusted to the magnetic adjustment combined mode corresponding to the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the rotor excitation magnetic field, so that it is close to the stator iron core The pole logarithm transformation of the magnetic field density in the outer air gap is equal to the pole logarithm P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, and at the same time, the armature magnetic field air gap in the inner air gap close to the rotor core The magnetic density has harmonics corresponding to the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the rotor excitation magnetic field, so as to interact with the rotor excitation magnetic field to generate torque;

Moreover, the number of pole pairs of magnetomotive force of the rotor exciting magnetic field is not necessarily equal to the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field.

During the operation of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor, the magnetic regulation combination mode of the movable magnetic regulation component remains unchanged.

It should be noted that the principle of directly changing the magnetic pole of the rotor permanent magnet is different between the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor in this embodiment and the permanent magnet synchronous motor:

The permanent magnet synchronous motor changes the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets of the rotor through the movement of the permanent magnets of the rotor, combined with the magnetizable materials that can change the poles. , the number of pole pairs of the air gap magnetic density of the exciting magnetic field is consistent with the magnetomotive force of the exciting magnetic field, and the corresponding magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field must also be consistent with the pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the exciting magnetic field. When the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets of the rotor change, correspondingly, the arrangement of the stator windings or the way of energization also needs to be changed so that the pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field and the excitation magnetic field are consistent.

However, the in-line slot conductor variable pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor in this embodiment does not change the stator armature magnetic field without changing the number of stator slots and the in-line slot conductor connection method (minimum unit structure). Under the premise of the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force, the number of equivalent magnetization blocks is changed by moving the magnetization block, so as to change the magnetic circuit reluctance change caused by the movable magnetization assembly; The number of pole pairs of the magnetic field density in the air gap of the excitation magnetic field after magnetization should be consistent with the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field, and the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the excitation magnetic field before the adjustment should be changed accordingly.

Therefore, without changing the number of stator slots and the connection method of the in-line slot conductors, the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor can cooperate with the synchronous rotor with more pole pairs to achieve the stator armature. The effect of different pole pairs between the magnetomotive force of the magnetic field and the magnetomotive force of the rotor excitation field.

In practical applications, under the condition of keeping the power constant, if you want to obtain a synchronous motor with variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation of in-line slot conductors with different torques, the combined mode of magnetic modulation can be changed by changing the distance between adjacent magnetic modulation blocks. The rotor core can be configured as a synchronous rotor with a specific number of pole pairs; therefore, the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor is more suitable for direct-drive low-speed and high-torque applications.

Specifically, under the condition that the power remains unchanged, when the torque of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor is increased, the combined mode of magnetic adjustment is changed to increase the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, and the The rotor core is configured as a synchronous rotor with a higher number of pole pairs;

Under the condition of maintaining the same power, when reducing the torque of the in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation synchronous motor, change the combined mode of magnetic adjustment to reduce the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks, and replace the rotor core with the Configured as a synchronous rotor with a smaller number of pole pairs.

Taking the smallest unit motor with 3 phases, 9 slots and 1 pair of poles as an example, in this split-phase mode, the 36 slots of the stator can generate the magnetomotive force of the armature magnetic field of 4 pairs of poles, so its main working harmonic is the 4th harmonic; When the total number of the magnetic control blocks is 60, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 20 of these six equivalent magnetic control blocks can be combined by moving the magnetic control blocks.

As shown in Fig. 12(a) to (b), in the combined mode of 10 equivalent magnetization blocks, one equivalent magnetization block consists of 6 magnetization blocks; Fig. 16 shows 10 equivalent magnetization blocks Schematic diagram of the combined mode magnetic regulation process of the magnetic regulation block. Under the action of 10 equivalent magnetic regulation blocks, the armature magnetic field appears 6th harmonic;

When used in a synchronous motor (take a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example), since the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is 4 pairs of poles, the combination mode of 10 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks should be matched with 6 pairs of poles permanent magnet rotor; , 6 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotor contains twelve permanent magnets 11 . Before the magnetization adjustment, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet excitation magnetic field is 6 pairs of poles. Under the action of 10 equivalent magnetization blocks, the air gap flux density of the permanent magnet excitation magnetic field becomes 4 pairs of poles, which is consistent with the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field. .

As shown in Fig. 13(a) to (b), in the combined mode of 15 equivalent magnetic shaving blocks, one equivalent magnetic shaving block is composed of 4 magnetic shaving blocks; Under the action, the armature magnetic field appears 11 harmonics;

When used in a synchronous motor (take a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example), since the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is 4 pairs of poles, the combination mode of 15 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks should be matched with the permanent magnet rotor of 11 pairs of poles; , 11 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotor contains twenty-two permanent magnets 11. Before magnetization, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet magnetic field is 11 pairs of poles. Under the action of 15 equivalent magnetization blocks, the air gap flux density of the permanent magnet excitation magnetic field becomes 4 pairs of poles, which is consistent with the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field.

As shown in Fig. 14(a) to (b), in the combined mode of 20 equivalent magnetic shaving blocks, one equivalent magnetic shaving block is composed of 3 magnetic shaving blocks; Under the action, the 16th harmonic appears in the armature magnetic field;

When used in a synchronous motor (take a permanent magnet synchronous motor as an example), since the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is 4 pairs of poles, the combination mode of 20 equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks should be matched with the permanent magnet rotor of 16 pairs of poles; , 16 pairs of pole permanent magnet rotor contains thirty-two permanent magnets 11 . Before magnetization, the magnetomotive force of the permanent magnet magnetic field is 16 pairs of poles. Under the action of 20 equivalent magnetization blocks, the air gap flux density of the permanent magnet excitation magnetic field becomes 4 pairs of poles, which is consistent with the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field.

Therefore, the combined magnetic adjustment mode shown in Figure 12 to Figure 14 is suitable for synchronous motors. Before the motor runs, the combined magnetic adjustment mode can be freely switched between the three modes shown in Figure 12 to Figure 14 by moving the magnetic adjustment block. , so as to be matched with synchronous rotors with corresponding pole pairs (for example, permanent magnet rotors), allowing compatible synchronous rotors (for example, permanent magnet rotors) without changing the number of stator slots and the connection method of in-line slot conductors. ) change in pole logarithm.

It should be noted that, the number of equivalent magnetizing blocks Pm'= the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field + the number of pole pairs P ₂ of the magnetomotive force of the rotor excitation magnetic field; for example, in the stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force When it is 4 pairs of poles, if it is adjusted to have 20 equivalent magnetic shims, the rotor core needs to be configured as a synchronous rotor with 16 pole pairs; when adjusted to have 10 equivalent magnetic shims , the rotor core needs to be configured as a synchronous rotor with 6 pole pairs.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: The specific embodiments of the invention are modified or some technical features are equivalently replaced; without departing from the spirit of the technical solutions of the present invention, all of them should be included in the scope of the technical solutions claimed in the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An in-line slotted conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor, comprising a stator iron core and a rotor iron core, characterized in that: the stator iron core is provided with Ns tooth slots along the circumferential direction, and in the tooth slot Equipped with in-line slot conductors, Ns in-line slot conductors can form the smallest unit of different structures; According to the number Ns of the in-line slot conductors and the wiring method, the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is obtained; through the wiring method of the in-line slot conductors, the corresponding minimum unit structure is obtained, N ₁ phase N ₂ slot The number of pole pairs of magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field generated by a minimum unit structure is 1 pair of poles; different wiring methods correspond to the minimum units of different structures, when the number Ns of in-line slot conductors remains unchanged, Minimum units of different structures correspond to different stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force pole pairs P ₁ ; wherein, stator armature magnetic field magnetomotive force pole pairs P ₁ =Ns/N ₂ , N ₁ ≤N ₂ ≤Ns; One end of the in-line slot conductor is inserted into the corresponding card slot of the conductive end ring for short-circuiting, and the other end of the in-line slot conductor is used to connect the power supply to generate the stator armature magnetic field, which is the magnetic field of the stator armature. The number of pole pairs of momentum is P ₁ ; A movable magnetic adjustment assembly is arranged between the stator iron core and the rotor iron core, and the movable magnetic adjustment assembly includes Pm magnetic adjustment blocks, a magnetic adjustment guide I and a magnetic adjustment guide II; the magnetic adjustment block , one end of which is slidably connected with the magnetism-adjusting guide rail I, and the other end is slidably connected with the magnetism-adjusting guide rail II, and the magnetism-adjusting block can move along the magnetism-adjusting guide rail I and the magnetism-adjusting guide rail II, Change the spacing between adjacent magnet-adjusting blocks to form different magnet-adjusting combination modes; Under different magnetic regulation combination modes, the movable magnetic regulation components combine different numbers of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks; The total number of combination modes of magnetic regulation of the magnetic regulation blocks is j, and j=the total number of combinations of equivalent magnetic regulation blocks; When the movable magnetic control assembly is in the i-th magnetic control combined mode, the movable magnetic control assembly can combine X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, and under the action of the X _i equivalent magnetic control blocks, the armature The current main working harmonic of the magnetic field is transformed into the Y _i harmonic, so that the pole logarithm of the air gap magnetic density of the armature magnetic field is transformed into Y _i ; where, the number of equivalent magnetic modulation blocks X _i = Y _i + P ₁ , i∈[ 1, 2, ..., j]; For the smallest unit of the same structure, the magnetic flux path is changed by adjusting the combined mode of the magnetic control block to change the current main working harmonic of the armature magnetic field, thereby indirectly changing the air gap magnetic pole pair of the stator armature magnetic field. number to achieve pole change. 2 . The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor according to claim 1 , wherein the least common multiple of the number of equivalent magnetic adjustment blocks X ₁ , X ₂ , ..., X _j =magnetic adjustment blocks Total Pm. 3. The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the difference between the number of equivalent magnetic regulating blocks and the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is calculated value ΔP, When ΔP is less than the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, the rotor core is configured as an asynchronous rotor; During operation, adjust the combined mode of the magnetization block in a preset sequence, so that the number of pole pairs of the stator armature magnetic field air gap magnetic density in the inner air gap close to the asynchronous rotor changes accordingly, so as to increase or Reduce the speed of the asynchronous rotor. 4. The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the difference between the number of equivalent magnetic regulating blocks and the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field is calculated value ΔP, When ΔP is greater than the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, the rotor core is configured as a synchronous rotor; The number of pole pairs of the magnetic field density in the air gap of the excitation magnetic field generated by the synchronous rotor can be converted into a value consistent with the number of pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field after the magnetization adjustment, without changing the minimum unit structure, So that the smallest unit of the same structure can be matched with synchronous rotors with various pole pairs; Before starting, adjust the movable magnetic adjustment component to the magnetic adjustment combined mode corresponding to the pole pairs of the magnetomotive force of the rotor excitation magnetic field, so that the magnetic field air gap in the outer air gap close to the stator iron core is dense The pole pair transformation is equal to the pole pair P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field, and at the same time, the air gap flux density of the armature magnetic field in the inner air gap close to the rotor core appears and the rotor excitation magnetic field magnetomotive force pole pair The harmonics corresponding to the number of digits, thereby interacting with the rotor excitation magnetic field to generate torque; Moreover, the number of pole pairs of magnetomotive force of the rotor exciting magnetic field is not necessarily equal to the number of pole pairs P ₁ of the magnetomotive force of the stator armature magnetic field. 5 . The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor according to claim 1 , wherein the stator iron core, the rotor iron core and the magnetic adjustment block are all made of ferromagnetic materials. 6 . , and the magnetic adjustment guide rail I and the magnetic adjustment guide rail II are made of aluminum materials. 6 . The in-line slot conductor variable magnetic pole magnetic field modulation composite motor according to claim 1 , wherein the in-line slot conductor is a copper rod or an aluminum rod. 7 .

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