Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness.
The invention is realized in such a way that the working performance prediction and control method of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness comprises the following steps:
the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with the variable oil film thickness is predicted and controlled by constructing a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering the actual working condition, a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an ultra-precise performance control model of the vertical static pressure sliding table based on the equivalent oil film thickness and other design parameters.
Further, the method for predicting and controlling the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with the variable oil film thickness comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering actual working conditions, and reflecting the micro-change of the oil film thickness;
constructing a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, quick response time and temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table;
determining the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness achieves the optimal working performance based on the models constructed in the first step and the second step;
and fourthly, constructing an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table precision control model based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio based on the determined conditions, and controlling the vertical static pressure sliding table.
Further, the variable oil film thickness film type hydrostatic bearing design model considering the actual working condition comprises: an oil film thickness calculation model considering system errors and a variable oil film thickness film type lubrication theoretical model.
Further, the oil film thickness calculation model considering the system error is as follows:
wherein h (x, z) represents the oil film thickness h (x, z), h0Representing the theoretical oil film thickness, z representing the coordinate variable of the slider motion direction, x representing the coordinate variable of the oil film width direction, a0Represents an initial offset value; a isxmRepresenting the deviation values m times in the x direction; p is a radical ofxRepresents the deviation wavelength in the x direction; phi is axmRepresenting m initial phase angle deviation values in the x direction; a isznRepresenting the deviation value of n times in the z direction; p is a radical ofzRepresents the deviation wavelength in the z direction; phi is aznRepresenting n times of initial phase angle deviation values in the z direction; epsilonmnRepresenting coupling deviation values in x and y directions; thetamnAnd the initial phase angle of coupling deviation in the x and y directions is shown.
Further, the variable oil film thickness film type lubrication theoretical model is as follows:
wherein Q isPRepresenting the flow of the rectangular oil chamber; q. q.sxRepresenting the flow per unit width in the x-direction, qzFlow representing unit width in z direction; l and B respectively represent the length and the width of the oil pad, and L and B respectively represent the length of the oil sealing edge in the length direction and the width direction; mu means hydrodynamic viscosity, pr means maximum oil in the oil chamberThe membrane pressure; r is the hydraulic resistance of the oil cavity, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, cRRepresenting a constant, the calculation formula is as follows:
further, in the second step, the oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, the static stiffness, the dynamic stiffness, the quick response time and the temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) predicting the bearing capacity of a static pressure sliding table, predicting a static stiffness, predicting a dynamic stiffness, predicting a quick response time and predicting a temperature influence;
the static pressure sliding table bearing capacity prediction model is as follows:
wherein, priDenotes the maximum oil film pressure, p, of the ith oil filmsDenotes the oil supply pressure, q0iDenotes the initial flow rate of the ith oil pad, criRepresenting the flow ratio of the ith oil pad; a. theiThe equivalent oil film bearing area of the ith oil pad is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Ai=(Li-li)(Bi-bi);
in the formula, LiAnd BiRespectively representing the length and width of the oil pad; liAnd biRespectively showing the length of the oil sealing edge in the length direction and the width direction;
the static stiffness prediction model is as follows:
wherein, dF is the external load force, dh is the displacement generated after the force is applied;
the dynamic stiffness prediction model is as follows:
wherein G(s) represents the transfer function of the hydrostatic slipway, ω represents the load frequency, Γ0And Γ1The expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein:
(i=1,2),Θ
1=-2T
1A
1,
Θ
3=-2T
2A
2;
the response time prediction model is as follows:
wherein m represents the slip and its load mass, Δ% represents the percentage of the slip steady state value;
the temperature change prediction model is as follows:
wherein Δ t representsThe amount of temperature fluctuation per unit time; pTRepresents the total power loss; q represents the total flow rate; cp represents specific heat capacity and rho is density;
in the formula, v represents the movement speed of the sliding table, and n represents the number of oil cavities; c. CRRepresents a constant; qiAnd Q respectively represents the flow of a single oil chamber and the flow of all the oil chambers, and the calculation formula is as follows:
further, in the third step, the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with the variable oil film thickness achieves the optimal working performance is that the difference between the reciprocal of the oil film liquid resistance and the liquid resistance of the restrictor is positively driven to 0.
Further, the precision control model of the ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio comprises:
the control model of the oil film liquid resistance and the control model of the liquid resistance of the film restrictor are based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio.
Further, the control model of oil film liquid resistance and the control model of film flow controller liquid resistance based on equivalent oil film thickness and other design parameters include:
the control model of the oil film liquid resistance and the control model of the liquid resistance of the film restrictor are both equal to the equivalent oil film thickness haIs inversely proportional to the third power of the flow rate, and the hydraulic resistance control model of the membrane restrictor is directly proportional to the flow rate ratio cr and inversely proportional to the oil supply pressure ps as follows:
further, the performing vertical static pressure slip control includes:
selecting the minimum oil supply pressure value, and simultaneously making the difference f between the reciprocal of the oil film hydraulic resistance and the hydraulic resistance of the restrictoruThe forward direction is towards 0, and the vertical static pressure sliding table is controlled;
namely:
ps→ps min;
another objective of the present invention is to provide a system for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, which includes:
the static pressure support design model building module is used for building a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure support design model under the actual working condition and reflecting the micro-change of the oil film thickness;
the prediction model construction module is used for constructing a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, quick response time and temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table;
the optimal working performance determining module is used for determining the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness achieves the optimal working performance;
and the vertical static pressure sliding table control module is used for constructing an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table precision control model based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio based on determined conditions and controlling the vertical static pressure sliding table.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program causes the processor to execute the method for predicting and controlling the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an information data processing terminal comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to execute the method for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that: according to the invention, the working performance of the variable oil film thickness vertical static pressure sliding table is predicted and controlled by constructing a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering the actual working condition, a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table performance control model based on equivalent oil film thickness and other design parameters. The invention can effectively improve the rigidity and the vibration resistance of the static pressure sliding table, reduce the response time and reduce the temperature fluctuation.
The invention builds a static pressure sliding table working performance test experimental platform on the basis of a basic part of an ultra-precise curved surface numerical control machine tool, namely an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test result of the ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table, experiments are required to be carried out in constant temperature, constant humidity, constant pressure and clean environments.
The independently developed ultraprecise vertical static pressure sliding table of the ultraprecise curved surface numerical control machine tool is taken as an example to predict and control the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table, and a test platform is shown in fig. 3. The size of the oil seal edge, the oil film gap and the flow ratio are all unchangeable and are respectively 11mm, 19 mu m and 2.5. When the design is based on experience, the oil supply pressure is usually selected to be 3MPa, the oil supply pressure is 2.8MPa according to the working performance prediction and control method of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, and the oil film pressure, the response time and the temperature fluctuation obtained by comparing the tests before and after the optimization of the static pressure sliding table are shown in the table 1. As can be seen from the table, after optimization, the rigidity of the static pressure sliding table is improved by 17%, the vibration resistance is improved by 9.3%, the response time is reduced by 40%, and the temperature fluctuation is reduced by 20%.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, and the invention is described in detail below by combining the attached drawings.
The method for predicting and controlling the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:
the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with the variable oil film thickness is predicted and controlled by constructing a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering the actual working condition, a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an ultra-precise performance control model of the vertical static pressure sliding table based on the equivalent oil film thickness and other design parameters.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, constructing a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering actual working conditions, and reflecting the micro-change of the oil film thickness;
s102, constructing a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, quick response time and temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table;
s103, determining the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with the variable oil film thickness achieves the optimal working performance based on the models constructed in the S101 and the S102;
and S104, constructing an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table precision control model based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio based on the determined conditions, and controlling the vertical static pressure sliding table.
The invention also provides a system for predicting and controlling the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, which comprises:
the static pressure support design model building module is used for building a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure support design model under the actual working condition and reflecting the micro-change of the oil film thickness;
the prediction model construction module is used for constructing a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table and an oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, quick response time and temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table;
the optimal working performance determining module is used for determining the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness achieves the optimal working performance;
and the vertical static pressure sliding table control module is used for constructing an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table precision control model based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio based on determined conditions and controlling the vertical static pressure sliding table.
The variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering the actual working condition provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: an oil film thickness calculation model considering system errors and a variable oil film thickness film type lubrication theoretical model.
The oil film thickness calculation model considering the system error provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
wherein h (x, z) represents the oil film thickness h (x, z), h0Coordinate variable representing theoretical oil film thickness and z representing slide block movement directionX represents a coordinate variable in the oil film width direction, a0Represents an initial offset value; a isxmRepresenting the deviation values m times in the x direction; p is a radical ofxRepresents the deviation wavelength in the x direction; phi is axmRepresenting m initial phase angle deviation values in the x direction; a isznRepresenting the deviation value of n times in the z direction; p is a radical ofzRepresents the deviation wavelength in the z direction; phi is aznRepresenting n times of initial phase angle deviation values in the z direction; epsilonmnRepresenting coupling deviation values in x and y directions; thetamnAnd the initial phase angle of coupling deviation in the x and y directions is shown.
The film type lubricating theoretical model with variable oil film thickness provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
wherein Q isPRepresenting the flow of the rectangular oil chamber; q. q.sxRepresenting the flow per unit width in the x-direction, qzFlow representing unit width in z direction; l and B respectively represent the length and the width of the oil pad, and L and B respectively represent the length of the oil sealing edge in the length direction and the width direction; μ represents the hydrodynamic viscosity, pr represents the maximum oil film pressure within the oil chamber; r is the hydraulic resistance of the oil cavity, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, cRRepresenting a constant, the calculation formula is as follows:
the oil film thickness micro-change prediction model integrating the bearing capacity, static rigidity, dynamic rigidity, quick response time and temperature influence of the static pressure sliding table provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) predicting the bearing capacity of a static pressure sliding table, predicting a static stiffness, predicting a dynamic stiffness, predicting a quick response time and predicting a temperature influence;
the static pressure sliding table bearing capacity prediction model is as follows:
wherein, priDenotes the maximum oil film pressure, p, of the ith oil filmsDenotes the oil supply pressure, q0iDenotes the initial flow rate of the ith oil pad, criRepresenting the flow ratio of the ith oil pad; a. theiThe equivalent oil film bearing area of the ith oil pad is represented, and the calculation formula is as follows:
Ai=(Li-li)(Bi-bi);
in the formula, LiAnd BiRespectively representing the length and width of the oil pad; liAnd biRespectively showing the length of the oil sealing edge in the length direction and the width direction;
the static stiffness prediction model is as follows:
wherein, dF is the external load force, dh is the displacement generated after the force is applied;
the dynamic stiffness prediction model is as follows:
wherein G(s) represents the transfer function of the hydrostatic slipway, ω represents the load frequency, Γ0And Γ1The expression of (a) is as follows:
wherein:
(i=1,2),Θ
1=-2T
1A
1,
Θ
3=-2T
2A
2;
the response time prediction model is as follows:
wherein m represents the slip and its load mass, Δ% represents the percentage of the slip steady state value;
the temperature change prediction model is as follows:
where Δ t represents the amount of temperature fluctuation per unit time; pTRepresents the total power loss; q represents the total flow rate; cp represents specific heat capacity and rho is density;
in the formula, v represents the movement speed of the sliding table, and n represents the number of oil cavities; c. CRRepresents a constant; qiAnd Q respectively represents the flow of a single oil chamber and the flow of all the oil chambers, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the condition that the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness provided by the embodiment of the invention achieves the optimal working performance is that the difference between the reciprocal of the oil film hydraulic resistance and the hydraulic resistance of the restrictor is positively driven to 0.
The precision control model of the ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table based on the equivalent oil film thickness, the oil supply pressure, the oil sealing edge size and the flow ratio, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:
the control model of the oil film liquid resistance and the control model of the liquid resistance of the film restrictor are based on equivalent oil film thickness, oil supply pressure, oil sealing edge size and flow ratio.
The embodiment of the invention provides an oil film liquid resistance control model and a film restrictor liquid resistance control model based on equivalent oil film thickness and other design parameters, which comprises the following steps:
the control model of the oil film liquid resistance and the control model of the liquid resistance of the film restrictor are both equal to the equivalent oil film thickness haIs inversely proportional to the third power of the flow rate, and the hydraulic resistance control model of the membrane restrictor is directly proportional to the flow rate ratio cr and inversely proportional to the oil supply pressure ps as follows:
the vertical static pressure sliding table control method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
selecting the minimum oil supply pressure value, and simultaneously making the difference f between the reciprocal of the oil film hydraulic resistance and the hydraulic resistance of the restrictoruThe forward direction is towards 0, and the vertical static pressure sliding table is controlled;
namely:
ps→ps min;
the technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the invention provides a method for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness. The method comprises a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering actual working conditions, a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table, and an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table performance control model and method based on design parameters such as equivalent oil film thickness.
The variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model comprises an oil film thickness calculation model considering the actual working condition and a variable oil film thickness film type lubrication theoretical model. Assuming that the oil film thickness h (x, z) considering the actual condition is the theoretical oil film thickness h0The sum of the error and the system error e (x, z) is shown in formula (1).
h(x,z)=h0+e(x,z) (1)
In the formula (1), h0For theoretical oil film thickness, z is the coordinate variable of the slider motion direction, x is the coordinate variable of the oil film width direction, and e (x, z) is the guide rail offset, as shown in fig. 2.
And respectively expressing the guide rail offset on the length and the width by using a first-order Fourier series, and expressing the coupling error in the length direction and the width direction by using a second-order Fourier series, wherein e (x, z) is expressed by the formula (2).
In the formula (2), a0Is an initial offset value; a isxmIs the deviation value of m times in the x direction; p is a radical ofxIs the offset wavelength in the x direction; phi is axmThe initial phase angle deviation value is m times in the x direction; a isznIs the deviation value of n times in the z direction; p is a radical ofzIs the deviation wavelength in the z direction; phi is aznThe initial phase angle deviation value is n times in the z direction; epsilonmnCoupling deviation values in the x direction and the y direction; thetamnIs the initial of the coupling deviation in the x and y directionsThe phase angle.
In summary, the oil film thickness h (x, z) considering the actual working condition is shown as formula (3).
The flow calculation formula of the rectangular oil cavity in the variable oil film thickness film type lubrication theoretical model considering the actual working condition is shown as a formula (4).
In the formula (4), qxFlow rate per unit width in the x direction, qzL and B are the length and width of the oil pad, respectively, for a unit width flow in the z direction. l and b represent the length and the length of the bank in the width direction, respectively. μ is the hydrodynamic viscosity. pr is the maximum oil film pressure within the oil chamber.
Wherein, R is the hydraulic resistance of the oil chamber, and the calculation formula is shown as (5).
In the formula (5), cRIs a constant value, and the calculation formula is shown in formula (6).
The oil film thickness-variable static pressure sliding table working performance prediction model comprises a static pressure sliding table bearing capacity, static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, quick response time and temperature prediction model considering oil film thickness change.
Single oil film bearing capacity WiThe calculation model of (2) is shown in equation (7).
In the formula (7), psFor supply pressure, priThe maximum oil film pressure of the ith oil film. c. CriThe flow ratio of the ith oil pad. q. q.s0iThe initial flow rate of the ith oil pad. A. theiThe equivalent oil film bearing area of the ith oil pad is shown as the formula (8).
Ai=(Li-li)(Bi-bi) (8)
In the formula (8), LiAnd BiRespectively the length and width of the oil pad. liAnd biThe length and the length of the oil seal in the width direction are shown.
The calculation model of the oil film static stiffness ju is shown as formula (9).
In the formula (9), dF is the external load force, and dh is the displacement generated after the external load force.
The calculation model of the dynamic stiffness J of the oil pad is shown in the formula (10).
In the formula (10), G(s) is a transfer function of the static pressure slip, ω is a load frequency, and Γ is0And Γ1Is represented by the formulae (11) and (12).
In formulae (11) and (12): theta
1=-2T
1A
1,
Θ
3=-2T
2A
2,
The calculation model of the response time is:
in equation (13), m is the slip and its load mass, and Δ% is the percentage of the slip steady state value (typically 5% or 2% is chosen).
The calculation model of the temperature fluctuation amount Δ t per unit time is shown in the formula (14).
Wherein Cp is the specific heat capacity; rho is density; pTIs the total power loss, as shown in equation (15); q is the total flow, as shown in equation (17).
In the formula (16), v is the moving speed of the sliding table, and n is the number of oil chambers; c. CRIs a constant value, as shown in formula (6); qiThe flow rate for a single oil chamber is as shown in equation (16).
And the performance control model of the ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table is based on design parameters such as equivalent oil film thickness. The method is characterized by mainly relating to a control model of oil film liquid resistance based on design parameters such as equivalent oil film thickness and the like and a control model of liquid resistance of a film restrictor, which are respectively shown as a formula (18) and a formula (19).
An oil film liquid resistance control model and a liquid resistance control model of a film restrictor. It is characterized in that the equivalent oil film thickness h is mainly relatedaThe control method comprises four main design parameters of control performance, namely oil supply pressure ps, oil seal edge size l and flow ratio cr. The control model of the oil film liquid resistance and the liquid resistance control model of the film restrictor are both equal to the equivalent oil film thickness haIs inversely proportional to the third power of the pressure, and the hydraulic resistance control model of the diaphragm restrictor is also directly proportional to the flow ratio cr and inversely proportional to the oil supply pressure ps.
A performance control method for an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table based on design parameters such as equivalent oil film thickness and the like. Characterized in that the value of the pressure (p) of the oil supply is chosen as small as possibles) And the difference f between the reciprocal of the oil film hydraulic resistance and the hydraulic resistance of the restrictor is madeuThe forward direction goes towards 0. The calculation expression method is shown in formulas (20) and (21).
ps→ps min (20)
The invention provides a method for predicting and controlling the working performance of a vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness. The method is characterized by comprising a variable oil film thickness film type static pressure bearing design model considering actual working conditions, a prediction model of the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table, and an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table performance control model and method based on design parameters such as equivalent oil film thickness.
The invention is implemented by taking a basic part of an ultra-precise curved surface numerical control machine tool, namely an ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table as a basis to build a static pressure sliding table working performance test experimental platform. In order to ensure the accuracy of the test result of the ultra-precise vertical static pressure sliding table, experiments are required to be carried out in constant temperature, constant humidity, constant pressure and clean environments.
The independently developed ultraprecise vertical static pressure sliding table of the ultraprecise curved surface numerical control machine tool is taken as an example to predict and control the working performance of the vertical static pressure sliding table, and a test platform is shown in fig. 3. The size of the oil seal edge, the oil film gap and the flow ratio are all unchangeable and are respectively 11mm, 19 mu m and 2.5. When the design is based on experience, the oil supply pressure is usually selected to be 3MPa, the oil supply pressure is 2.8MPa according to the working performance prediction and control method of the vertical static pressure sliding table with variable oil film thickness, and the oil film pressure, the response time and the temperature fluctuation obtained by comparing the tests before and after the optimization of the static pressure sliding table are shown in the table 1. As can be seen from the table, after optimization, the rigidity of the static pressure sliding table is improved by 17%, the vibration resistance is improved by 9.3%, the response time is reduced by 40%, and the temperature fluctuation is reduced by 20%.
TABLE 1 Performance comparison table for ultra-precise vertical static pressure slipway before and after optimization
Description of the main symbols
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention can be realized by hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware. The hardware portion may be implemented using dedicated logic; the software portions may be stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system, such as a microprocessor or specially designed hardware. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the apparatus and methods described above may be implemented using computer executable instructions and/or embodied in processor control code, such code being provided on a carrier medium such as a disk, CD-or DVD-ROM, programmable memory such as read only memory (firmware), or a data carrier such as an optical or electronic signal carrier, for example. The apparatus and its modules of the present invention may be implemented by hardware circuits such as very large scale integrated circuits or gate arrays, semiconductors such as logic chips, transistors, or programmable hardware devices such as field programmable gate arrays, programmable logic devices, etc., or by software executed by various types of processors, or by a combination of hardware circuits and software, e.g., firmware.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.