CN113293852A - Heat preservation design in house and moving body construction process - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat-insulation room invented by the inventor is used as a sample, has a good heat-insulation effect, saves energy used for heating or cooling, has obvious economic benefits and environmental protection benefits, and can be popularized to heat-insulation reconstruction of existing fixed house buildings and moving bodies or heat-insulation construction of newly-built houses and the like. The whole heat-insulating room is sleeved in the main room, except for small parts of the heat-insulating room which are contacted with the wall and the ground of the main room, the heat-insulating room is in a suspended state, namely, gaps are reserved between six surfaces of the heat-insulating room and the ceiling, the wall or the ground of the main room, and the heat-insulating room has good heat-insulating effect under the condition that doors and windows of the main room and the doors and windows of the heat-insulating room are closed simultaneously or small holes are reserved. The heat-insulating room and the principle thereof can be popularized to more house buildings, are suitable for both single houses and buildings, are also suitable for building livestock and poultry house buildings, planting industry greenhouse buildings, water tank culture of famous and precious aquatic animals and plants, agricultural product storage rooms and the like in the large agriculture, are also suitable for heat-insulating manufacture of ships, trains and trucks, reduce the heat-insulating cost, save energy and protect the environment.

Description

Heat preservation design in house and moving body construction process

Energy and materials are two basic substances harmoniously related with the natural world in the process of existence and development of human society and thinking. However, the problems of unreasonable development, storage, processing, transportation and utilization of energy and materials exist in the global scope, which causes the waste of resources such as environmental pollution, energy dissipation, energy and materials, ozone layer destruction, more greenhouse gas emission, global temperature increase, glacier thawing, sea level rise and the like, and threatens the sustainable development of our global villages.

As is well known, the optimum temperature range (18-25 ℃) for the life of general human beings is relatively narrow, the optimum temperature range for the survival of animals, plants, microorganisms and the like closely related to the human beings is not wide, and special requirements are also provided for special people and special biological groups. However, the temperature of most regions of the earth is not suitable for human life and affects the survival of organisms due to the periodic change of the earth all the year round, particularly high temperature in summer and low temperature in winter. In order to obtain a proper temperature during living or moving, human beings take measures such as heating and cooling manually, but the existing house buildings are even expensive, the heat preservation effect of the house buildings is not good, and the individual people pay attention to short-term benefit, short-term comfort, local benefit and local comfort or consume excessive money, consume a large amount of energy, especially unclean energy, and cause environmental pollution, increase of greenhouse gas emission and the like.

The heat-insulating room has good heat-insulating effect, wide material sources, simple and convenient operation, wide application range, low manufacturing cost, obvious energy consumption reduction and obvious economic, ecological and social benefits. The heat-insulating room can obviously reduce the heat dissipation to the outside in low-temperature seasons or areas; in high temperature seasons or regions, the heat transfer from the outside to the inside can be significantly reduced. As a test sample, the heat preservation room and the design principle thereof are convenient to popularize because the materials are various, and particularly the core material, namely the closed air, is cheap and easy to obtain and is convenient to operate. If the device is popularized in the manufacturing of the box bodies of fixed house buildings, containers, transport vehicles, ships and the like, the device has great benefits of reducing energy consumption and environmental pressure.

The heat-insulating room invented by the inventor is composed of aluminum alloy, glass, polyvinyl chloride plates and old wood plates, except that a few aluminum alloy frames are contacted with the wall of a main room, a few rows of bricks are contacted with the ground of the main room, the whole heat-insulating room is suspended and sleeved in the main room, namely, six surfaces of the heat-insulating room are separated from the ceiling, the wall and the ground of the main room. Under the condition that the doors and windows of the main room and the doors and windows of the heat preservation room are closed simultaneously or only small holes are reserved, the heat preservation effect is generated in the heat preservation room.

The reason why the heat preservation effect is generated when the doors and windows of the main room and the heat preservation room are closed simultaneously or only a small pore is left is that: a closed air layer is formed between the six surfaces of the heat preservation room and the main room.

The theoretical basis of the heat preservation effect generated by the closed air layer is as follows: first, molecular dynamics theory: the substance is composed of molecules, the molecules of all substances move irregularly without information, and attractive force and repulsive force of interaction exist between the molecules at the same time. Second, temperature: temperature is an indicator of the intensity of the thermal movement of molecules, and the higher the temperature of an object, the more intense the thermal movement of molecules, and thirdly, the internal energy: internal energy is a form of energy, which is the sum of the kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all molecules in the body in random motion. Fourth, the internal energy is closely related to temperature: as the temperature of an object increases, its internal energy increases, fifth, the first law of thermodynamics: the sixth law of thermodynamics and the directionality of heat conduction are that Δ U is W + Q, i.e. the internal energy increment of a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the heat transferred to it from the outside and the work done by external force (Δ U represents the internal energy increment, Q represents the transferred heat, and W represents the work done): when two objects with different temperatures are contacted with each other, heat can be spontaneously transferred from the high-temperature object to the low-temperature object, so that the temperature of the high-temperature object is reduced, and the temperature of the low-temperature object is increased; it is impossible to transfer heat from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object without causing other changes. Seventh, mass to density relationship: where m is ρ V (m stands for mass, ρ stands for density, V stands for volume). Eighth, the heat calculation method: q ═ cm Δ t (Q represents the amount of heat transferred, c represents the specific heat capacity, m represents the mass, and Δ t represents the value of temperature change). The temperature of the small environment (such as a house) where living organisms such as human beings are located, particularly the optimum temperature (18-25 ℃) is often greatly different from the temperature of the large environment outside, so that heat transfer occurs. There are three ways of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Due to the blocking of walls and roofs, heat transfer between the inside and outside of the house generally occurs only by conduction through the walls, roofs and floors. From the above theory, it is known that this conduction is from the high temperature side to the low temperature side. However, the single-layer solid wall of the house at present has poor heat insulation effect of the roof and the ground, and the heat insulation effect is not improved much even if a layer of solid material is pasted outside the wall, but the closed air composite wall (consisting of six surfaces of a heat insulation room, the wall of a main room and the like and the closed air sandwiched between the six surfaces of the heat insulation room and the wall of the main room) invented by the inventor is better. The reason is that: since the density of air is much less than that of typical solid building materials, the mass of enclosed air in a volume between the main room and the insulated room is also small, as known from m ═ ρ V. Then, for example, in cold winter, the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor ambient temperature, and the indoor should radiate heat (heat conduction) outward, but then the heat radiation outward from the heat preservation room is performed in two steps: the first step is as follows: heat dissipation is carried out to the enclosed air in the heat preservation room, and the second step is that: the enclosed air dissipates heat to the main room walls, roof, and floor. Then, it can be known from Q ═ cm t that since the mass of the enclosed air is small, the amount of heat Q absorbed by the enclosed air from the heat-insulating room is also small, and further the amount of heat emitted from the enclosed air to the outside is also small, so that the enclosed air plays a role in suppressing heat conduction.

Regarding the problem of the thickness of the enclosed air, since the density of common building materials, such as earth, brick, porcelain, glass, marble, etc. is about 1000-. I believe that the enclosed air thickness can be less than the main body wall (load bearing wall) and greater than the inner wall, although the inner wall can be very thin and of different materials, it is sufficient to enclose the air. Because besides the heat preservation, the problems of space saving and material saving are also considered. The precise value of the enclosed air thickness can be obtained by engineering laboratory tests according to specific conditions. If the enclosure of a container, truck, ship, train, etc. is constructed of steel, the enclosed air thickness of such an enclosure may be greater than either the inner or outer walls because the steel density is about 7000 times that of air.

Regarding the airtight problem of the heat-insulating room, generally, if the heat-insulating room is used for living non-plant life organisms (human beings, animals, aerobic microorganisms, etc.), small pores should be left, the better the airtight is, the better the heat-insulating room is used for plant growth or storing agricultural products is, the better the heat insulation is, if the doors and windows of the main room are respectively opposite, the doors and windows can be respectively combined into one to form a composite door and a composite window containing closed air. In order to prevent the closed air on six surfaces of the heat-insulating room from leaking completely due to local damage, the closed air can be divided into a plurality of units which are not communicated with each other, the heat-insulating room can be fixedly connected with the wall of the main room, and a heat-insulating room wall member which is specially matched with the wall of the main room and is easy to form the closed air layer of the units can be used for installation.

The lower the density of the closed air is, namely the thinner the closed air is, the better the heat preservation performance is (theoretical derivation), and therefore, the better the heat preservation effect of a heat preservation house containing the closed air in a high altitude area and the like can be inferred. In special cases, composite wall (box) walls can be manufactured that contain a vacuum, but such walls should be stronger because they also withstand the effects of atmospheric pressure.

In the crop greenhouse in facility agriculture, a building method that brick solid walls are arranged on the east, the west and the north, plastic films are arranged on the top and the south, and grass curtains are covered at night is adopted mostly, so that under the condition of sufficient sunlight in the daytime, much heat can be absorbed in the greenhouse, and the growth of crops in the greenhouse is facilitated; however, in the absence of sunlight at night or in the daytime, the greenhouse cannot absorb heat, and if the greenhouse is not artificially heated, freezing damage may occur. Therefore, this greenhouse is not efficient. If the east, west and north sides of the greenhouse are changed into the composite wall containing closed air; adding a layer of closed air at a proper depth below the soil in the shed; the greenhouse roof and the south surface are covered by the plastic film containing the closed air, and the straw curtains are covered on the plastic film at low temperature night, so that the heat preservation effect of the crop greenhouse containing the closed air is obviously improved, the heat preservation energy consumption is reduced, or the crop greenhouse building can be propelled to a plurality of kilometers in high-latitude and high-altitude cold areas under the condition of the existing heat preservation energy consumption. The double-layer plastic film capable of filling the closed air can be divided into a plurality of units which are not communicated with each other, each unit is provided with an air valve which is communicated with the outside, the air valve is tightly closed after the air is filled into the plastic film through the air valve by an inflator pump, and the plastic film with a certain thickness and containing the closed air has a much stronger heat preservation effect than the single-layer plastic film; after the air valve is opened and the air suction pump is used for pumping out the closed air in the plastic film, the plastic film is thinned to become a layer, which is beneficial to transmitting light and transferring heat into the greenhouse.

In the aspect of animal feeding, the construction method of the crop greenhouse can also be adopted in hatcheries, animal delivery rooms and young animal and poultry houses. However, two points should be noted: firstly, a proper vent hole seam with proper size is arranged at a proper position of the hard wall body to ensure breathing; the other is that the defecation ditch is provided with a one-way valve, namely when the excrement and the urine flow out, the valve is opened, and when the excrement and the urine do not flow out, the valve is automatically closed, so that the heat preservation is facilitated.

In the aspect of aquaculture industry, water tank culture is generally adopted for the culture of rare aquatic animals and plants, the breeding and seedling of aquatic animals and plants and the culture and preservation of aquatic animal and plant living body specimens for scientific research. Six surfaces of the water tank can also adopt a composite wall containing closed air so as to improve the heat preservation effect. However, it should be noted that the pressure strength of the tank, particularly the lower part and the bottom of the tank, is ensured because P ═ ρ gh (P is the pressure in water and h is the depth of water). The deeper the water, the higher the pressure at the place, and then the proper place is selected to set the feeding port and the oxygen supply port. The heat-insulating water tank containing the closed air enables the heat dissipation of the warm-loving aquatic animals and plants to the environment to be reduced when the environmental temperature is lower than the optimal growth temperature of the warm-loving aquatic animals and plants, and also enables the heat transfer of the environment to the water tank to be reduced when the environmental temperature is higher than the optimal growth temperature of the cool-loving aquatic animals and plants. Thereby reducing the manual heat preservation cost.

When the environmental temperature is lower than the temperature of living places (houses, greenhouses and the like) of human bodies, animals, plants and microorganisms, the enclosed air plays a role in heat preservation, namely, the heat dissipation capacity to the large environment is reduced. Meanwhile, heat of living organisms is dissipated during metabolic respiration, the body surface of the living organisms is dissipated, and as a result, the heat of the small environment of the place is increased, and the effect is more obvious in the intensive area of people or animals, and the energy consumption of artificial heating (such as air conditioning and heating) is more favorably reduced. However, when the ambient temperature is higher than the temperature of the place where the living organisms are located, the closed air can reduce heat transfer from the environment to the place, but the heat dissipation by breathing and the heat dissipation on the body surface need to be removed, the ice blocks can play a role in a very small place, the heat can be removed by an air conditioner in a large place, and then the closed air at the bottom layer is opened, so that a part of heat is transferred to the ground.

In a word, the enclosed air improves the heat preservation effect of various houses and boxes, reduces the energy consumption of artificial heating or cooling, or under the condition of equivalent energy consumption, buildings and transports can respectively push a plurality of kilometers to low-temperature areas with high latitude and high altitude or high-temperature areas with low latitude and low altitude, thereby reducing the heat preservation cost, the growth cost of animals and plants, the storage and transportation cost of agricultural products and being beneficial to environmental protection.

Considering that the air with higher temperature has small specific gravity and is positioned above the low-temperature air, the heat preservation treatment of the upper part and the top part of the heat preservation room or the box body is enhanced so as to reduce the heat dissipation amount of the heat preservation room or the box body to the outside under the low-temperature environment; it is suggested that the air conditioner is installed at the upper portion or even the top of the insulated room or the cabinet in order to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation from the outside of the insulated room or the cabinet in a high temperature environment.

Claims (13)

1. The heat-insulating room invented by the inventor is composed of aluminum alloy, glass, polyvinyl chloride plates and old wood plates, except that a few aluminum alloy frames are contacted with the wall of a main room, a few rows of bricks are contacted with the ground of the main room, the whole heat-insulating room is suspended and sleeved in the main room, namely, six surfaces of the heat-insulating room are separated from the ceiling, the wall and the ground of the main room. Under the condition that the doors and windows of the main room and the doors and windows of the heat preservation room are closed simultaneously or only small holes are reserved, the heat preservation effect is generated in the heat preservation room.

2. The reason why the heat preservation effect is generated when the doors and windows of the main room and the heat preservation room are closed simultaneously or only a small pore is left is that: a closed air layer is formed between the six surfaces of the heat preservation room and the main room.

3. The theoretical basis of the heat preservation effect generated by the closed air layer is as follows: first, molecular dynamics theory: the substance is composed of molecules, the molecules of all substances move irregularly without information, and attractive force and repulsive force of interaction exist between the molecules at the same time. Second, temperature: temperature is an indicator of the intensity of the thermal movement of molecules, and the higher the temperature of an object, the more intense the thermal movement of molecules, and thirdly, the internal energy: internal energy is a form of energy, which is the sum of the kinetic energy and molecular potential energy of all molecules in the body in random motion. Fourth, the internal energy is closely related to temperature: as the temperature of an object increases, its internal energy increases, fifth, the first law of thermodynamics: the sixth law of thermodynamics and the directionality of heat conduction are that Δ U is W + Q, i.e. the internal energy increment of a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the heat transferred to it from the outside and the work done by external force (Δ U represents the internal energy increment, Q represents the transferred heat, and W represents the work done): when two objects with different temperatures are contacted with each other, heat can be spontaneously transferred from the high-temperature object to the low-temperature object, so that the temperature of the high-temperature object is reduced, and the temperature of the low-temperature object is increased; it is impossible to transfer heat from a low-temperature object to a high-temperature object without causing other changes. Seventh, mass to density relationship: where m is ρ V (m stands for mass, ρ stands for density, V stands for volume). Eighth, the heat calculation method: q ═ cm Δ t (Q represents the amount of heat transferred, c represents the specific heat capacity, m represents the mass, and Δ t represents the value of temperature change).

4. The temperature of the small environment (such as a house) where living organisms such as human beings are located, particularly the optimum temperature (18-25 ℃) is often greatly different from the temperature of the large environment outside, so that heat transfer occurs. There are three ways of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. Due to the blocking of walls and roofs, heat transfer between the inside and outside of the house generally occurs only by conduction through the walls, roofs and floors. From the above theory, it is known that this conduction is from the high temperature side to the low temperature side. However, the single-layer solid wall of the house at present has poor heat insulation effect of the roof and the ground, and the heat insulation effect is not improved much even if a layer of solid material is pasted outside the wall, but the closed air composite wall (consisting of six surfaces of a heat insulation room, the wall of a main room and the like and the closed air sandwiched between the six surfaces of the heat insulation room and the wall of the main room) invented by the inventor is better. The reason is that: since the density of air is much less than that of typical solid building materials, the mass of enclosed air in a volume between the main room and the insulated room is also small, as known from m ═ ρ V. Then, for example, in cold winter, the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor ambient temperature, and the indoor should radiate heat (heat conduction) outward, but then the heat radiation outward from the heat preservation room is performed in two steps: the first step is as follows: heat dissipation is carried out to the enclosed air in the heat preservation room, and the second step is that: the enclosed air dissipates heat to the main room walls, roof, and floor. As can be seen from Q ═ cm Δ t, since the mass of the enclosed air is small, the amount of heat Q absorbed by the enclosed air from the heat-insulating room is also small, and further, the amount of heat emitted from the enclosed air to the outside is also small, so that the enclosed air plays a role in suppressing heat conduction.

5. Regarding the problem of the thickness of the enclosed air, since the density of common building materials, such as earth, brick, porcelain, glass, marble, etc. is about 1000-. I believe that the enclosed air thickness can be less than the main body wall (load bearing wall) and greater than the inner wall, although the inner wall can be very thin and of different materials, it is sufficient to enclose the air. Because besides the heat preservation, the problems of space saving and material saving are also considered. The precise value of the enclosed air thickness can be obtained by engineering laboratory tests according to specific conditions. If the enclosure of a container, truck, ship, train, etc. is constructed of steel, the enclosed air thickness of such an enclosure may be greater than either the inner or outer walls because the steel density is about 7000 times that of air.

6. Regarding the airtight problem of the heat-insulating room, generally, if the heat-insulating room is used for living non-plant life organisms (human beings, animals, aerobic microorganisms, etc.), small pores should be left, the better the airtight is, the better the heat-insulating room is used for plant growth or storing agricultural products is, the better the heat insulation is, if the doors and windows of the main room are respectively opposite, the doors and windows can be respectively combined into one to form a composite door and a composite window containing closed air. In order to prevent the closed air on six surfaces of the heat-insulating room from leaking completely due to local damage, the closed air can be divided into a plurality of units which are not communicated with each other, the heat-insulating room can be fixedly connected with the wall of the main room, and a heat-insulating room wall member which is specially matched with the wall of the main room and is easy to form the closed air layer of the units can be used for installation.

7. The lower the density of the closed air is, namely the thinner the closed air is, the better the heat preservation performance is (theoretical derivation), and therefore, the better the heat preservation effect of a heat preservation house containing the closed air in a high altitude area and the like can be inferred. In special cases, composite wall (box) walls can be manufactured that contain a vacuum, but such walls should be stronger because they also withstand the effects of atmospheric pressure.

8. In the crop greenhouse in facility agriculture, a building method that brick solid walls are arranged on the east, the west and the north, plastic films are arranged on the top and the south, and grass curtains are covered at night is adopted mostly, so that under the condition of sufficient sunlight in the daytime, much heat can be absorbed in the greenhouse, and the growth of crops in the greenhouse is facilitated; however, in the absence of sunlight at night or in the daytime, the greenhouse cannot absorb heat, and if the greenhouse is not artificially heated, freezing damage may occur. Therefore, this greenhouse is not efficient. If the east, west and north sides of the greenhouse are changed into the composite wall containing closed air; adding a layer of closed air at a proper depth below the soil in the shed; the greenhouse roof and the south surface are covered by the plastic film containing the closed air, and the straw curtains are covered on the plastic film at low temperature night, so that the heat preservation effect of the crop greenhouse containing the closed air is obviously improved, the heat preservation energy consumption is reduced, or the crop greenhouse building can be propelled to a plurality of kilometers in high-latitude and high-altitude cold areas under the condition of the existing heat preservation energy consumption. The double-layer plastic film capable of filling the closed air can be divided into a plurality of units which are not communicated with each other, each unit is provided with an air valve which is communicated with the outside, the air valve is tightly closed after the air is filled into the plastic film through the air valve by an inflator pump, and the plastic film with a certain thickness and containing the closed air has a much stronger heat preservation effect than the single-layer plastic film; after the air valve is opened and the air suction pump is used for pumping out the closed air in the plastic film, the plastic film is thinned to become a layer, which is beneficial to transmitting light and transferring heat into the greenhouse.

9. In the aspect of animal feeding, the construction method of the crop greenhouse can also be adopted in hatcheries, animal delivery rooms and young animal and poultry houses. However, two points should be noted: firstly, a proper vent hole seam with proper size is arranged at a proper position of the hard wall body to ensure breathing; the other is that the defecation ditch is provided with a one-way valve, namely when the excrement and the urine flow out, the valve is opened, and when the excrement and the urine do not flow out, the valve is automatically closed, so that the heat preservation is facilitated.

10. In the aspect of aquaculture industry, water tank culture is generally adopted for the culture of rare aquatic animals and plants, the breeding and seedling of aquatic animals and plants and the culture and preservation of aquatic animal and plant living body specimens for scientific research. Six surfaces of the water tank can also adopt a composite wall containing closed air so as to improve the heat preservation effect. However, it should be noted that the pressure strength of the tank, particularly the lower part and the bottom of the tank, is ensured because P ═ ρ gh (P is the pressure in water and h is the depth of water). The deeper the water, the higher the pressure at the place, and then the suitable place is provided with a feed inlet and an oxygen supply port. The heat-insulating water tank containing the closed air enables the heat dissipation of the warm-loving aquatic animals and plants to the environment to be reduced when the environmental temperature is lower than the optimal growth temperature of the warm-loving aquatic animals and plants, and also enables the heat transfer of the environment to the water tank to be reduced when the environmental temperature is higher than the optimal growth temperature of the cool-loving aquatic animals and plants. Thereby reducing the manual heat preservation cost.

11. When the environmental temperature is lower than the temperature of living places (houses, greenhouses and the like) of human bodies, animals, plants and microorganisms, the enclosed air plays a role in heat preservation, namely, the heat dissipation capacity to the large environment is reduced. Meanwhile, heat of living organisms is dissipated during metabolic respiration, the body surface of the living organisms is dissipated, and as a result, the heat of the small environment of the place is increased, and the effect is more obvious in the intensive area of people or animals, and the energy consumption of artificial heating (such as air conditioning and heating) is more favorably reduced. However, when the ambient temperature is higher than the temperature of the place where the living organisms are located, the closed air can reduce heat transfer from the environment to the place, but the heat dissipation by breathing and the heat dissipation on the body surface need to be removed, the ice blocks can play a role in a very small place, the heat can be removed by an air conditioner in a large place, and then the closed air at the bottom layer is opened, so that a part of heat is transferred to the ground.

12. In a word, the enclosed air improves the heat preservation effect of various houses and boxes, reduces the energy consumption of artificial heating or cooling, or under the condition of equivalent energy consumption, buildings and transports can respectively push a plurality of kilometers to low-temperature areas with high latitude and high altitude or high-temperature areas with low latitude and low altitude, thereby reducing the heat preservation cost, the growth cost of animals and plants, the storage and transportation cost of agricultural products and being beneficial to environmental protection.

13. Considering that the air with higher temperature has small specific gravity and is positioned above the low-temperature air, the heat preservation treatment of the upper part and the top part of the heat preservation room or the box body is enhanced so as to reduce the heat dissipation amount of the heat preservation room or the box body to the outside under the low-temperature environment; it is suggested that the air conditioner is installed at the upper portion or even the top of the insulated room or the cabinet in order to improve the efficiency of heat dissipation from the outside of the insulated room or the cabinet in a high temperature environment.