CN113293750A - Comprehensive ecological restoration method for moving dune - Google Patents
Comprehensive ecological restoration method for moving dune Download PDFInfo
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- CN113293750A CN113293750A CN202110584604.5A CN202110584604A CN113293750A CN 113293750 A CN113293750 A CN 113293750A CN 202110584604 A CN202110584604 A CN 202110584604A CN 113293750 A CN113293750 A CN 113293750A
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
- E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
- E01F7/02—Snow fences or similar devices, e.g. devices affording protection against sand drifts or side-wind effects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of sand dune treatment, in particular to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune. The restoration method comprises the steps of restoring the bottom of the sand dune, restoring the middle of the sand dune and restoring the top of the sand dune. According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of wind sand, and a corresponding repairing method is adopted, so that a good repairing effect is achieved, and the cost is saved. The restoration method of the invention reduces the sand erosion modulus by more than 63%, the living planting survival rate of the shrub plants reaches more than 85%, the preservation rate reaches more than 80%, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 70%, and the annual growth of the shrub plants reaches more than 6 cm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sand dune treatment, in particular to a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving sand dune.
Background
The floating sand dunes are one of sand dune types classified according to the mobility of the sand dunes, and are widely distributed in desert areas. The characteristics of a moving dune are: the vegetation on the earth surface is rare, the sand dune shape is typical, the sand dune is easy to move along the wind direction under the action of wind power, and the threat to the traffic, the industrial and agricultural construction is great.
At present, for the treatment of a moving dune, a restoration method is generally adopted, such as a method for constructing a grass square sand barrier, from bottom to top. However, different parts of a sand dune are damaged by wind and sand and have different erosion degrees, so that the water content and the nutrients of the soil are different, the repairing effect of the existing repairing method is not obvious, and the cost is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune. The comprehensive ecological restoration method for the moving dune provided by the invention not only has a good restoration effect on the moving dune, but also saves the cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, ecological restoration of the dune middle area and ecological restoration of the dune top area;
ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown;
ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper shrub plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier;
ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown.
Preferably, the method for transplanting the shrub plants comprises the following steps: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole.
Preferably, the method for transplanting the shrub plant further comprises the following steps: when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is 30m, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is 35 cm; the bare-rooted seedling has the height of 45-90 cm, the ground diameter of 2-6 cm, the number of lateral roots of 5-10, the width of the lateral roots of 25-40 cm and the average root length of 18-25 cm;
when the suitable shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are 3-5 cm larger than those of the container; the height of the container seedling is 30-70 cm, the ground diameter is 1.5-5 cm, and the number of primary branches is 8-13.
Preferably, the species of said shrub plant comprises: willow, sea buckthorn, white sand sagebrush and cacumen biotae;
the species of the volunteer herbaceous plant include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, Poa annua, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea.
Preferably, during sand dune bottom ecological remediation, mix and sow behind the seed of fitting living herbaceous plant, the seeding volume is respectively: the leaf of Toxicodendron nutans is 10kg/hm220kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass215kg/hm of bluegrass2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The sowing mode is broadcast sowing;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the ditching direction of the drill sowing is vertical to the main wind direction, the width of the drill sowing is 10cm, and the depth of the drill sowing is 6 cm; sowing after mixing the seeds of the proper-growth herbaceous plant, wherein the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 8kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm2Annual bluegrass 8kg/hm2Ryegrass 8kg/hm28kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2；
During ecological restoration of the top of the sand dune, the seeds of the grass plants suitable for growth are mixed and then sown, and the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 15kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 16kg/hm2Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The sowing mode comprises dibbling.
Preferably, when the cow dung is paved on the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the cow dung is 1-2 cm, and the using amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm2；
When sheep manure is paved on the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the sheep manure is 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the sheep manure is 5500-6500 kg/hm2。
Preferably, when ecological restoration is carried out at the bottom of a sand dune, the plant row spacing of the suitable shrub plants is 1m multiplied by 1 m;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the grid sand barrier sets a main belt and an auxiliary belt according to a main wind direction, the main belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the plants of the suitable shrub transplanted close to the inner side of the main belt are mountain-grown willow and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50 cm; the plant of the shrub planted close to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is Artemisia sphaerocephala and Cypress with scale of 100 cm.
Preferably, the grid sand barrier comprises a grass grid sand barrier, a nylon net grid sand barrier or a cow dung grid sand barrier;
the preparation raw materials of the cow dung grid sand barrier comprise: every 1m3The cow dung contains 0.5kg of Alkaloids closterium pratense seeds, 0.5kg of Poaceae annua seeds, 1kg of ryegrass seeds, 0.5kg of Cymbopogon citratus seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the adhesive comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate.
Preferably, the height of the cow dung square sand barrier is 12-15 cm, the single side of the cow dung square sand barrier is in a trapezoid shape, the width of the bottom of the cow dung square sand barrier is 10-15 cm, and the width of the top of the cow dung square sand barrier is 8-12 cm.
Preferably, the paving thickness of the main belt of the grass square sand barrier is 5-6 cm, and the paving thickness of the auxiliary belt is 4-5 cm.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, ecological restoration of the dune middle area and ecological restoration of the dune top area; ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cattle manure and/or sheep manure in the area where the grass seeds are sown; ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier; ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after the grass seeds are sowed, spreading cattle manure and/or sheep manure in the areas where the grass seeds are sowed. According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of sand blown by the wind, and corresponding restoration methods are adopted, so that not only is a good restoration effect achieved, but also the cost is saved. The restoration method of the invention reduces the sand erosion modulus by more than 63%, the survival rate of the living shrub plants reaches more than 85%, the preservation rate reaches more than 80%, the vegetation coverage reaches more than 70%, and the annual growth of the living shrub plants reaches more than 6 cm.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune, which is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, ecological restoration of the dune middle area and ecological restoration of the dune top area; ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cattle manure and/or sheep manure in the area where the grass seeds are sown; ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier; ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after the grass seeds are sowed, spreading cattle manure and/or sheep manure in the areas where the grass seeds are sowed.
In the present invention, it is preferable to divide the three regions of the bottom of the sand dune, the middle of the sand dune and the top of the sand dune on average according to the vertical height of the sand dune.
In the present invention, the species of the shrub plant preferably include: willow, sea buckthorn, white sand sagebrush and cacumen biotae; the nursery stock of said viable shrub plant preferably comprises 1 year old nursery stock; the species of said volunteer herbaceous plant preferably include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, Poa annua, Lolium perenne, and Festuca arundinacea.
In the invention, before transplanting the suitable plants, the ecological restoration of the bottom of the sand dune preferably further comprises the step of carrying out sample point arrangement treatment on the sand dune area at the bottom; the sampling point arrangement processing preferably includes: and integrally planning the bottom area of the sand dune, and uniformly marking lines and points according to the specification of 1m multiplied by 1m after planning. The invention can ensure the transplanting of the suitable shrub plants to be standard, neat and in line with the specification through the arrangement of the sampling points.
After the sampling points are arranged, the invention transplants the suitable shrub plants into the bottom area of the sand dune. In the present invention, the method for transplanting the shrub plant preferably comprises: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole. The invention can improve the survival rate of the suitable shrub plants in each hole by the principle of multiple plants in each hole.
In the invention, a group of 2-3 persons is preferably selected during planting, one person supports seedlings, one person aligns to the direction, the seedlings are strictly lined vertically and horizontally, and the other person fills soil; when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is preferably 30cm, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is preferably 35 cm; the height of the bare-rooted seedlings is preferably 45-90 cm, more preferably 50-70 cm, and even more preferably 55-60 cm; the ground diameter is preferably 2-6 cm, and more preferably 3-5 cm; the number of lateral roots is preferably 5-10, and more preferably 6-8; the root width of the lateral roots is preferably 25-40 cm, and more preferably 30-35 cm; the average root length is preferably 18-25 cm, and more preferably 20-23 cm; during planting, the seedlings are firstly placed in the center of the planting holes, the root systems are well managed, the seedlings are uniformly spread, do not nest roots and cannot be tilted and exposed, and meanwhile, the depth is kept; then, covering soil layer by layer, filling fertile and moist sandy soil into the rhizosphere, when the soil is filled for a half, holding a seedling by a user to slightly shake the seedling, slightly lifting the seedling to enable the root system to be stretched, enabling the neck part of the root to be basically close to the depth of the seedling in a nursery garden, then treading the seedling by feet, filling the soil layer by layer, enabling the sandy soil to be tightly connected with the root system, preventing dry air from invading, and keeping the root system moist; filling water once, strengthening the nursery stock in the next morning, applying a layer of fine sandy soil, and leveling the ground surface;
when the suitable shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are preferably 3-5 cm larger than the diameter and the depth of the container; the height of the container seedlings is preferably 30-70 cm, and more preferably 40-50 cm; the ground diameter is preferably 1.5-5 cm, and more preferably 2-3 cm; the number of the primary branches is preferably 8-13, and more preferably 9-11; before planting, preferably watering 2-5 kg of water in the dug tree holes, and more preferably 3-4 kg of water; then putting the container end into the pit in time, filling soil and treading to the extent that the nutrient soil mass does not expose out of the ground and the soil mass in the container is not damaged during treading; when planting, firstly removing the container which is not easy to wear or decompose the seedling root system so as to avoid influencing the growth of the seedling root system; after planting, a layer of fine sand is preferably applied to level the ground surface.
After transplanting the proper shrub plants, the invention seeds grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune. In the present invention, it is preferable that seeds of the proper herbaceous plant are mixed and sown, and the sowing amount is preferably: the content of Elymus nutans is 10kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 18kg/hm210kg/hm of bluegrass2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The means of sowing preferably comprises broadcasting. The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned spreading method, and the spreading method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
After grass seeds are sowed, cow dung and/or sheep dung are/is paved in the area where the grass seeds are sowed. In the invention, when the cow dung is paved on the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the cow dung is preferably 1-2 cm, and the using amount of the cow dung is preferably 4500-5000 kg/hm2More preferably 4750kg/hm2(ii) a When sheep manure is paved in the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the sheep manure is preferably 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the cattle manure is preferably 5500-6500 kg/hm2More preferably 6000kg/hm2(ii) a The laying method preferably comprises broadcasting, and the sand surface at the bottom of the sand dune is preferably completely covered during the broadcasting; the cow dung preferably comprises decomposed cow dung, and the sheep dung preferably comprises decomposed sheep dung. The preparation method of the decomposed cattle manure or the decomposed sheep manure is not limited, and the preparation method known by the technical personnel in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, before laying the grid sand barriers, the ecological restoration of the middle part of the sand dune preferably also comprises the step of carrying out sample point laying treatment on the middle sand dune area; the sampling point arrangement processing preferably includes: sample lines are arranged in the middle of the sand dune comprehensively according to the specification of a sand barrier of 1m multiplied by 1m, namely, weft sample lines are drawn along the contour line direction of the sand dune, and warp sample lines are drawn perpendicular to the contour line direction of the sand dune; firstly, making horizontal wefts from top to bottom and then making vertical warps; working downwards in sequence. The grid sand barrier can be ensured to be standard, neat and in line with the specification through the arrangement of the sampling points.
In the invention, the grid sand barrier preferably comprises a grass grid sand barrier, a nylon net grid sand barrier or a cow dung grid sand barrier; the laying method of the grass square sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps:
vertically paving grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) on the longitude and latitude sample lines, and meanwhile, placing grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) at the crossing part of the longitude and latitude sample lines to form a complete closed square grid, so as to avoid wind erosion at the interface part, thereby forming a grass square grid type sand barrier; the sand barrier is formed by longitudinally and transversely interweaving a main belt and an auxiliary belt, the main belt is vertical to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the grass paved on the main belt is 5-6 cm in uniform thickness, and the grass paved on the auxiliary belt is slightly thinner and 4-5 cm in uniform thickness; the amount of the grass is 6000kg/hm2(i.e. 0.35kg of grass for per meter of sand barrier);
spreading grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) as required, putting a square spade in the center of the grass, pressing downwards with force to tilt the two ends of the grass, pressing the middle part of the grass into quicksand, and taking care not to cut off the grass with too strong pressure; the sand-entering depth of the middle part of the grass is 7-10 cm, meanwhile, the upwarping parts of the two ends of the grass are 15-18 cm higher than the sand surface, and the base is buried and reinforced by using a spade for scraping sand , so that the grass square sand barrier laying is completed; when the grass square sand barrier is laid, the method preferably further comprises the following steps: the weft sample lines are constructed firstly, then the warp sample lines are constructed, sand barrier materials are stacked near a construction site, and the construction is carried out in sequence of height or material stacking distance from the upper part of a sand dune downwards so as to facilitate material conveying or avoid that constructors trample the well-paved sand barriers carelessly.
The paving method of the nylon net grid sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps: inserting 1 stand column at the intersection of the weft and the warp according to the sample lines laid in advance, thereby completing the task of erecting the stand columns; then, the complete closed semi-hidden sand barrier is arranged from top to bottom according to a Z shape, so that the pavement of the nylon square sand barrier is completed; the preparation raw materials of the nylon net sand barrier preferably comprise: the porosity is 45%, and the net height is 20 cm.
The cow dung square sand barrierThe preparation raw materials preferably comprise: every 1m3The cow dung contains 0.5kg of elymus nutans seeds, 0.5kg of bluegrass seeds, 1kg of ryegrass seeds, 0.5kg of lemongrass seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the binder preferably comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate, more preferably polyacrylamide; the laying method of the cow dung check sand barrier preferably comprises the following steps: mixing the preparation raw materials, uniformly stirring, paving on a sample line to form a complete closed cow dung square, scattering a small amount of water on the surface, and smearing to be smooth, thereby finishing the paving of the cow dung square sand barrier; the height of the cow dung grid sand barrier is preferably 12-15 cm, and more preferably 13-14 cm; the single side of the cow dung square sand barrier is preferably in a trapezoid shape, the bottom width is preferably 10-15 cm, more preferably 11-14 cm, and even more preferably 12-13 cm; the top width is preferably 8-12 cm, more preferably 9-11 cm, and even more preferably 10 cm.
After the square sand barrier is laid, the invention transplants the suitable shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier. In the invention, the transplanting method refers to the method, and is not described herein again; the method for transplanting the shrub plants suitable for growing in the sand dune preferably further comprises: the suitable shrub plants transplanted at the inner side of the main belt are mountain-grown willow and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50 cm; the plant spacing of the plant transplanted to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is 100 cm.
After the shrub plants are transplanted, grass seeds of the herbaceous plants suitable for growth are sown in the area on the inner side of the square sand barriers. In the present invention, the sowing preferably comprises drill sowing; the furrow width of the drill is preferably 10cm, and the furrow depth is preferably 6 cm; after ditching, sowing is preferably carried out after seeds of the grass-suitable plants are mixed, and the sowing amount is preferably as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 8kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm2Annual bluegrass 8kg/hm2Ryegrass 8kg/hm28kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a After sowing, the sand is preferably covered and compacted.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the grass seeds of the grass-adapted plants are sown before the top area of the sand dune, and further include: leveling the top of the sand dune. The leveling method is not limited in the present invention, and a leveling method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, when ecological restoration is carried out on the top of a sand dune, seeds of the proper herbaceous plant are preferably mixed and then sown, and the sowing amount is preferably as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 15kg/hm2The content of the sand-grown wheatgrass is 16kg/hm2Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The method of seeding preferably comprises dibbling. The method of the present invention for the on-demand seeding is not limited, and an on-demand seeding method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
After the proper-growth herbaceous plants are sowed, cow dung and/or sheep dung are/is paved in the area where grass seeds are sowed; the laying method and the using amount are referred to in the sand dune bottom ecological restoration, and are not described again.
According to the invention, sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of sand blown by the wind, and corresponding restoration methods are adopted, so that not only is a good restoration effect achieved, but also the cost is saved.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the method for comprehensive ecological restoration of a moving sand dune provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune comprises the following steps:
dividing the sand dune into three areas, namely the bottom of the sand dune, the middle of the sand dune and the top of the sand dune according to the vertical height of the sand dune (a river horse park in Maqu county of Tibetan autonomous state of Gannan, Gansu province);
1. ecological restoration of the bottom of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) laying sampling points: the bottom of a sand dune is comprehensively and integrally planned, and then unified marking is carried out according to the specification of 1m multiplied by 1m, so that a sampling point layout task is completed;
(2) planting shrub plants in vivo: and (3) digging tree pits on the punched points according to the principle that each hole contains multiple plants, planting 1-year-old salix paradisi, sea buckthorn, Artemisia sphaerocephala and qualified plantlets with Lespedeza pulcherrima branches into each hole, wherein at least 2 plants are planted in each hole, and at least 2 plants are planted in each hole, so that the living plant planting task is completed.
When planting, 2-3 persons form a group, one person supports the seedlings, one person aligns the direction to form rows in a vertical and horizontal tight manner, and the other person fills the soil.
Planting bare-rooted seedlings by a hole planting method, wherein the diameter of a tree hole is 30cm, and the depth of the tree hole is 35 cm. The nursery stock is a first-grade bare-rooted seedling: the seedling height is 55-60 cm, the ground diameter is 3-5 cm, the number of lateral roots is 6-8, the width of the lateral roots is 30-35 cm, and the average root length is 20-23 cm. During planting, the seedlings can be placed in the center of the planting holes, root systems are well managed, the seedlings are evenly spread, no root is sunk, the seedlings cannot be tilted and exposed, and meanwhile, the depth is kept. And then, covering soil layer by layer, filling fertile and moist sandy soil into the rhizosphere, when the soil is filled for a half, holding the seedling by a nursery man to slightly shake the seedling, slightly lifting the seedling to enable the root system to be stretched, enabling the root neck part to be basically close to the depth of the seedling in a nursery garden, then treading the seedling tightly by feet, filling the soil layer by layer, enabling the sandy soil to be tightly connected with the root system, preventing dry air from invading, and keeping the root system moist. Filling water once, strengthening the nursery stock the next morning, applying a layer of fine sand soil, and leveling the ground surface.
Thereby completing the planting task of the selected adaptable shrubs.
(3) Broadcasting the living herbaceous plants: uniformly broadcasting selected proper mixed herbaceous plant seeds in a proper shrub covered sand area, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding amount is as follows: the leaf of Toxicodendron nutans is 10kg/hm220kg/hm of sand-grown agropyron cristatum215kg/hm of bluegrass2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2The grass seeds are evenly mixed and then evenly dibbled in the sand covered by the proper shrub by a dibbler. Thereby completing the sowing task of the selected proper herbaceous plants.
(4) Spreading cow dung: and uniformly spreading cow dung on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant species.
Uniformly spreading cow dung to form a thin layer of 1-2 cm, wherein the using amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm2During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thereby completing the spreading of cow dungAnd (5) transaction.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the ecological restoration task at the bottom of the whole sand dune.
2. Ecological restoration of the middle part of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
(1) in order to ensure that the sand barrier is standard, orderly and in line with the specification, the middle part of the sand dune is comprehensively arranged according to the specification of the sand barrier of 1m multiplied by 1m, namely, a weft sample line is drawn along the contour line direction of the sand dune, and a warp sample line is drawn perpendicular to the contour line direction of the sand dune. The horizontal wefts are made from top to bottom, and then the vertical warps are made. Working downwards in sequence.
Laying grass square sand barriers:
during specific construction, the weft sample lines are constructed firstly, then the warp sample lines are constructed, sand barrier materials are stacked near a construction site, and construction is performed in a sequence of high and low or far and near the materials stacked from the upper part of a sand dune, so that the materials are conveniently conveyed, or the condition that constructors trample the well-laid sand barriers carelessly is avoided.
Grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) is vertically laid on the longitude and latitude sample lines, and meanwhile, the grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) is also placed at the crossing part of the longitude and latitude sample lines to form a complete closed square grid, so that the wind erosion at the interface is avoided, and the grass square grid type sand barrier is formed. The sand barrier is formed by longitudinally and transversely interweaving a main belt and an auxiliary belt, wherein the main belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction. The uniform thickness of grass laid on the main belt is 5-6 cm, the thickness of grass laid on the auxiliary belt is slightly thinner, and the uniform thickness is 4-5 cm. The amount of the grass is 6000kg/hm2(i.e. 0.35kg of grass per meter of sand-protecting barrier).
After the grass (wheat straw, rice straw and elymus nutans) is laid according to the requirements, a square spade is placed in the center of the grass and is pressed downwards with force, so that two ends of the grass are tilted, the middle part of the grass is pressed into quicksand, and the grass is not cut off with too strong pressure. The sand-entering depth of the middle part of the grass is 8-9 cm, meanwhile, the two ends of the grass are raised and raised to be 16-17 cm higher than the sand surface, and then the base is buried for reinforcement by using a spade to scrape sand , so that the laying task of the grass square sand barrier is completed.
(3) And planting salix matsudana and sea buckthorn shrubs close to the inner side of the main belt of the grid sand barrier, planting the phellodendron amurense and artemisia sphaerocephala in the auxiliary belt, setting a plurality of latticed plant belts, wherein the plant distance of the main belt is 50cm, and the plant distance of the auxiliary belt is 100cm, and thus completing the planting task of the plant living sand barrier.
(4) And finally, sowing perennial native herbaceous plant mixed seeds which are suitable for growing under local habitat conditions in a ditching and drilling mode in the square sand barrier perpendicular to the main wind direction, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding amount is as follows: lindley shawl grass 8kg/hm210kg/hm of sand-grown agropyron cristatum2Annual bluegrass 8kg/hm2Ryegrass 8kg/hm28kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2The grass seeds are uniformly mixed, the width of the furrow is 10cm, the depth of the furrow is 6cm, the seeds are uniformly sowed and then the seeds are trampled, and the ditching, sowing and soil covering are completed at one time. Thereby completing the sowing task of the plant living sand barrier.
And the rest is done in sequence to complete the ecological restoration task in the middle of the whole sand dune.
3. Ecological restoration of the top of a sand dune comprises the following steps:
the top of the sand dune is firstly leveled manually or mechanically. And (3) uniformly dibbling the selected proper mixed herbaceous plant seeds by using a dibbler in the flat sand area, wherein the mixed seeds are as follows: elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass, festuca arundinacea and agropyron arenarium, the seeding amount is as follows: lindley shawl grass 15kg/hm216kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass2Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2The grass seeds are uniformly mixed and sown, and then the seeds are lightly harrowed for 1-2 times by using a harrow so that most of the seeds are put into sandy soil and the sand surface is flat. Thereby completing the sowing task of the selected proper herbaceous plants;
(4) spreading cow dung: and uniformly spreading cow dung on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant species.
Uniformly spreading cow dung to form a thin layer of 1-2 cm, wherein the using amount of the cow dung is 4750kg/hm2During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thus finishing the cow dung spreading task.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the ecological restoration task of the top of the whole moving dune.
And the rest is done in turn to complete the comprehensive ecological restoration task of the whole moving dune.
Example 2
A restoration method similar to example 1, the only difference being that the steps (4) of the bottom and top of the sand dune are: and uniformly spreading rotten sheep manure on the sand surface of the sand area covered by the suitable plant species.
Uniformly spreading decomposed sheep manure to form a thin layer of 2-3 cm, wherein the consumption of the decomposed sheep manure is 6000kg/hm2During the spreading process, care should be taken not to expose the sand surface. Thus completing the spreading task of the decomposed sheep manure.
Example 3
A restoration method similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the sand barrier laid in the middle of the sand dune is a nylon mesh grid sand barrier.
And (3) paving a nylon check sand barrier: the nylon net sand barrier is prepared from the following raw materials: the sand fixing net is woven in the warp and weft directions, the porosity is 45%, and the net height is 20 cm.
And (3) inserting 1 stand column at the intersection of the weft and the warp according to the preset layout of sample lines, thereby completing the task of erecting the stand columns. And then, the sand-fixing grid sand barrier is arranged into a complete closed semi-hidden sand barrier from top to bottom according to a Z shape, so that the sand-fixing grid sand barrier setting task is completed.
Example 4
A restoration method similar to that of example 1, the only difference being that the sand barrier laid in the middle of the sand dune is a cow dung square sand barrier.
Laying a cow dung square sand barrier:
and (3) cow dung treatment: mixing thoroughly decomposed cattle manure with elymus nutans, bluegrass, ryegrass and fescue, and adding an adhesive for preventing the dried cattle manure from cracking. The proportion is as follows: cow dung 1m3: 0.5kg of elymus nutans seeds: 0.5kg of annual bluegrass seeds: 1kg of ryegrass seeds: 0.5kg of seeds of fescue: 0.25kg of polyacrylamide, 5kg of water and even stirring until the polyacrylamide is not scattered by hand pinching.
Laying a cow dung square sand barrier: and spreading the treated cow dung on a sample line to form a complete closed cow dung square grid, wherein the height of the cow dung square grid is 13-14 cm, the single side of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is trapezoidal, the width of the bottom of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is 12-13 cm, the width of the top of the cow dung square grid sand barrier is 10cm, and a small amount of water is scattered on the surface of the cow dung square grid sand barrier and smeared smoothly. And finishing the laying operation of the cow dung square sand barriers in sequence.
Comparative example 1
A restoration method similar to that of example 1 except that the entire dune was restored using the bottom of example 1.
Comparative example 2
A restoration method similar to that of example 1 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle portion of example 1.
Comparative example 3
A restoration method similar to example 1 except that the entire dune was restored using the top portion of example 1.
Comparative example 4
A restoration method similar to that of example 3 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle portion of example 3.
Comparative example 5
A restoration method similar to that of example 4 except that the entire dune was entirely restored by the middle portion of example 4.
Comparative example 6
A restoration method similar to that of example 4, except that the size of the cow dung sand barrier is 0.5m × 0.5m in the middle ecological restoration.
Comparative example 7
A restoration method similar to that of example 4, except that the size of the cow dung sand barrier is 1.5m × 1.5m in the middle ecological restoration.
Comparative example 8
A repair method similar to example 4, except that polyacrylamide was replaced with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
Comparative example 9
A repair process similar to that of example 4, except that every 1m3The cow dung contains 2kg of elymus nutans grass seeds, 1kg of festuca arundinacea seeds, 2kg of ryegrass seeds, 1kg of oat grass seeds, 0.25kg of polyacrylamide and 5kg of water.
Application example 1
The repairing effects of the examples 1 to 4 and the comparative examples 1 to 9 were measured, the observation method is described in "ecological observation research method of desert" (Gansu science and technology Press, published 11/1/2010, P61 to 67), the measurement results are shown in Table 1, and the repairing cost includes material cost and labor cost.
TABLE 1 repair Effect of examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 9
As can be seen from table 1, if a dune with the same area is restored, if only one of the ecological restoration methods at the top or the bottom of the dune in the present application is used to restore the whole dune, although the sand control cost is lower than that of the ecological restoration method at the middle of the dune in the present application, the sand control cost is different from that of the ecological restoration method at the middle of the dune, because the different parts of the dune are eroded by wind to different extents, the soil moisture and nutrient are different, and the sand control effect is not as significant as that of the ecological restoration method at the middle of the dune; the ecological restoration method for the middle of the sand dune is adopted to restore the whole sand dune, the sand control effect is relatively obvious, and the cost is the highest.
From the experimental results of the example 4 and the comparative example 6, it can be known that when the specification of the cow dung sand barrier is 0.5m × 0.5m, each monitoring index changes little, the recovery effect is not improved much, but the cost is multiplied; from the experimental results of example 4 and comparative example 7, it is known that, when the specification of the cow dung sand barrier is 1.5m × 1.5m, although the cost is reduced compared with example 2, the change of each monitoring index is large, and the recovery effect is weak; comprehensively considered, the proper specification of the cow dung sand barrier is set, so that the effects of preventing and controlling sand are achieved, and the repair cost is saved.
As can be seen from the experimental results of example 4 and comparative example 8, the invention not only achieves good effects of preventing and controlling sand, but also saves the repair cost by selecting proper adhesive.
From the experimental results of the example 4 and the comparative example 9, it can be seen that although the amount of grass seeds is increased in the method of the comparative example 9, the repairing effect is not good, because the amount of grass seeds in the cow dung sand barrier is increased, on one hand, because the moisture and the nutrient in the cow dung are limited, the water and the nutrient which are needed by too many grass seeds cannot be provided, the emergence rate of the grass seeds is reduced, and the preservation rate is reduced, on the other hand, because the amount of the grass seeds is increased, the water and the nutrient are contended with shrubs, and the survival rate, the preservation rate and the growth rate of the shrubs are reduced, so that the whole repairing effect is weakened; in addition, the amount of grass seeds in the cow dung sand barrier is increased, so that the grass seeds are wasted, and the cost is increased. According to the method, the proper types and proportions of the grass seeds are selected, so that the repairing mode is guaranteed to achieve a good repairing effect, and the repairing cost is saved.
According to the method, different parts of the sand dune are subjected to different wind erosion degrees, the soil is different in moisture and nutrient, and different parts adopt corresponding suitable ecological restoration methods, so that the cost can be saved, and a remarkable sand control effect can be achieved.
In conclusion, the sand dunes are divided into different parts according to different harmfulness degrees of the wind sand, and the corresponding repairing method is adopted, so that a good repairing effect is achieved, and the cost is saved.
Although the present invention has been described with respect to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive ecological restoration method for a moving dune is characterized in that the method is divided into three areas, namely a dune bottom area, a dune middle area and a dune top area according to the vertical height of the dune, and comprises the ecological restoration of the dune bottom area, the ecological restoration of the dune middle area and the ecological restoration of the dune top area;
ecological restoration in sand dune bottom includes: transplanting the proper shrub plants to the bottom area of the sand dune, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the bottom area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown;
ecological restoration in the middle of the sand dune includes: paving a square sand barrier, transplanting the proper shrub plants to the inner side of the sand barrier, and sowing grass seeds of the proper herbaceous plants to the area on the inner side of the square sand barrier;
ecological restoration in sand dune top includes: sowing grass seeds of the grassy plants suitable for growth to the top area of the sand dune; after grass seeds are sown, spreading cow dung and/or sheep dung in the area where the grass seeds are sown.
2. The method of remediating as defined in claim 1, wherein the method of transplanting the viable shrub plants comprises: transplanting more than 2 species of suitable shrub plants in each hole; the transplanting quantity of each species of the suitable shrub plants is more than or equal to 2 plants/hole.
3. The method of remediating as defined in claim 2, wherein the method of transplanting the viable shrub plants further comprises: when the suitable shrub plants are bare-rooted seedlings, the diameter of a transplanted seedling hole is 30m, and the depth of the transplanted seedling hole is 35 cm; the bare-rooted seedling has the height of 45-90 cm, the ground diameter of 2-6 cm, the number of lateral roots of 5-10, the width of the lateral roots of 25-40 cm and the average root length of 18-25 cm;
when the suitable shrub plants are container seedlings, the diameter and the depth of the transplanted seedling holes are 3-5 cm larger than those of the container; the height of the container seedling is 30-70 cm, the ground diameter is 1.5-5 cm, and the number of primary branches is 8-13.
4. The method of restoration according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the species of said shrub plant comprises: willow, sea buckthorn, white sand sagebrush and cacumen biotae;
the species of the volunteer herbaceous plant include: elymus nutans, agropyron arenarium, Poa annua, Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea.
5. The repair method according to claim 4, whichCharacterized in that, during ecological restoration of the bottom of the sand dune, seeds of the grass plants suitable for growth are mixed and then sown, and the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of Elymus nutans is 10kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 20kg/hm215kg/hm of bluegrass2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The sowing mode is broadcast sowing;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the sowing mode comprises drill sowing, the ditching direction of the drill sowing is vertical to the main wind direction, the width of the drill sowing is 10cm, and the depth of the drill sowing is 6 cm; sowing after mixing the seeds of the proper-growth herbaceous plant, wherein the sowing amount is respectively as follows: the content of the Elymus nutans is 8kg/hm2The content of the agropyron cristatum is 10kg/hm2Annual bluegrass 8kg/hm2Ryegrass 8kg/hm28kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2；
During sand dune top ecological remediation, mix and sow behind the seed of fitting living herbaceous plant, the seeding volume is respectively: lindley shawl grass 15kg/hm216kg/hm of sand-grown wheatgrass2Annual bluegrass 14kg/hm2Ryegrass 10kg/hm210kg/hm of festuca arundinacea2(ii) a The sowing mode comprises dibbling.
6. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein when cow dung is laid on the grass seed sowing area, the laying thickness of the cow dung is 1-2 cm, and the amount of the cow dung is 4500-5000 kg/hm2；
When sheep manure is paved on the grass seed sowing area, the paving thickness of the sheep manure is 2-3 cm, and the using amount of the sheep manure is 5500-6500 kg/hm2。
7. The restoration method according to claim 1, wherein the plant-row spacing of the shrubbery plants is 1m x 1m during ecological restoration of the bottom of a sand dune;
when ecological restoration is carried out on the middle part of a sand dune, the grid sand barrier sets a main belt and an auxiliary belt according to a main wind direction, the main belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, and the auxiliary belt is parallel to the main wind direction; the plants of the suitable shrub transplanted close to the inner side of the main belt are mountain-grown willow and sea buckthorn, and the plant spacing is 50 cm; the plant of the shrub planted close to the inner side of the auxiliary belt is Artemisia sphaerocephala and Cypress with scale of 100 cm.
8. The repair method of claim 7, wherein the grid sand barrier comprises a grass grid sand barrier, a nylon mesh grid sand barrier, or a cow dung grid sand barrier;
the preparation raw materials of the cow dung grid sand barrier comprise: every 1m3The cow dung contains 0.5kg of elymus nutans seeds, 0.5kg of bluegrass seeds, 1kg of ryegrass seeds, 0.5kg of lemongrass seeds, 0.25kg of adhesive and 5kg of water; the adhesive comprises polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, potassium polyacrylate or ammonium polyacrylate.
9. The repair method according to claim 8, wherein the height of the cow dung check sand barrier is 12-15 cm, the single side of the cow dung check sand barrier is in a trapezoid shape, the width of the bottom of the cow dung check sand barrier is 10-15 cm, and the width of the top of the cow dung check sand barrier is 8-12 cm.
10. The restoration method according to claim 8, wherein the grass square sand barrier has a main belt laying thickness of 5-6 cm and a sub belt laying thickness of 4-5 cm.
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