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CN113266830B - A self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on integrated thermal management - Google Patents

A self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on integrated thermal management Download PDF

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CN113266830B
CN113266830B CN202110513154.0A CN202110513154A CN113266830B CN 113266830 B CN113266830 B CN 113266830B CN 202110513154 A CN202110513154 A CN 202110513154A CN 113266830 B CN113266830 B CN 113266830B
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ash
air inlet
forest
metal plate
perforated metal
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CN113266830A (en
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刘欢
刘金鑫
曹承阳
吴家豪
姚洪
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/40Portable or mobile incinerators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/442Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G5/444Waste feed arrangements for solid waste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46Recuperation of heat
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50Control or safety arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J1/00Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/60Mobile furnace
    • F23G2203/601Mobile furnace carried by a vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2208/00Safety aspects
    • F23G2208/10Preventing or abating fire or explosion, e.g. by purging
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261Woodwaste
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23JREMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2700/00Ash removal, handling and treatment means; Ash and slag handling in pulverulent fuel furnaces; Ash removal means for incinerators
    • F23J2700/003Ash removal means for incinerators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,属于森林防火设备领域。该小车包括进料单元、燃烧单元和动力单元,其中:进料单元收集地面落叶并将其送入燃烧单元;燃烧单元包括气化焚烧炉和铺灰组件,该气化焚烧炉的侧壁开设有二次风入口、第一进风口、第二进风口和进料口,同时其内部设置有第一带孔金属板和第二带孔金属板,进而将落叶气化为阻燃灰;铺灰组件设置在气化焚烧炉的下方,用于冷却阻燃灰并将其铺盖在地面上;动力单元的热利用组件与烟气出口连接,以利用烟气的热量为驱动组件提供电能;其驱动组件则将电能转化为动能。本发明能通过降低灰分的含碳量以获得阻燃灰,将其铺在地面能够降低森林火灾发生的可能性。

Figure 202110513154

The invention provides a forest combustible material self-powered burning trolley based on comprehensive thermal management, which belongs to the field of forest fire prevention equipment. The trolley includes a feeding unit, a combustion unit and a power unit, wherein: the feeding unit collects fallen leaves from the ground and sends them to the combustion unit; the combustion unit includes a gasification incinerator and an ash laying assembly, and the sidewall of the gasification incinerator is opened There are a secondary air inlet, a first air inlet, a second air inlet and a feed inlet, and at the same time, a first perforated metal plate and a second perforated metal plate are arranged inside, and then the fallen leaves are gasified into flame-retardant ash; The ash component is arranged below the gasification incinerator to cool the flame-retardant ash and cover it on the ground; the heat utilization component of the power unit is connected to the flue gas outlet to use the heat of the flue gas to provide electrical energy for the driving component; its The drive components convert electrical energy into kinetic energy. The present invention can obtain flame-retardant ash by reducing the carbon content of the ash, and spreading it on the ground can reduce the possibility of forest fires.

Figure 202110513154

Description

一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车A self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on integrated thermal management

技术领域technical field

本发明属于森林防火设备领域,更具体地,涉及一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车。The invention belongs to the field of forest fire prevention equipment, and more particularly relates to a self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on comprehensive thermal management.

背景技术Background technique

森林火灾具有突发性强、破坏力大、处置及救助较为困难的问题,易导致大量经济、森林资源损失,严重危害民众生命财产安全。为减少火灾造成的森林资源损失,森林火灾防控特别是可燃物管控工作将是我国未来工作中的重中之重。我国现有可燃物管理方法主要包括机械清除法,计划火烧法等。其中,机械清除法会造成生态破坏且处置难度及成本高;计划烧除法专业要求高,需要严格的技术规范及相关的安全措施才能保证烧除过程中的安全性,各地对计划烧除也有严格的规范这也限制了计划烧除法在全国的推行。因此需要一种安全高效的可燃物处置方法或技术以满足对森林可燃物的处置需求。Forest fires have the problems of strong suddenness, great destructive power, and difficult disposal and rescue. In order to reduce the loss of forest resources caused by fires, the prevention and control of forest fires, especially the control of combustibles, will be the top priority in my country's future work. The existing combustible management methods in my country mainly include mechanical removal method, planned burning method, etc. Among them, the mechanical removal method will cause ecological damage and the disposal is difficult and costly; the planned burning method has high professional requirements, and requires strict technical specifications and related safety measures to ensure the safety during the burning process. This also limits the implementation of planned burn-offs across the country. Therefore, a safe and efficient method or technology for disposing of combustibles is needed to meet the disposal demands of forest combustibles.

在森林防火技术领域,CN103885471A公开了一种基于森林火险的森林可燃物湿度自动调节系统及方法,该系统通过自动喷洒装置、自动气象站、火险计算和判别装置实现自动根据火险等级、可燃物干燥程度及火灾发生的危险性自动喷洒不同强度的水雾以对可燃物的湿度进行调控,降低森林火灾发生的风险。但是该系统依托于自动气象站的建立与气候预测的准确性,并且自动喷洒装置所需水源需进行人工补给。因此,无法有效解决森林可燃物燃烧的风险。CN211787404U公开了一种可自动清理落叶的森林用火灾预警装置,该装置通过抽风机及清扫板等装置,能够对森林中的落叶进行便捷的吸收处理和摆动回收处理,可高效清理回收落叶,但该装置无法对回收落叶进行直接处理,需将落叶运出森林后再进行处置,因此不适用在森林中连续处置作业。In the technical field of forest fire prevention, CN103885471A discloses an automatic humidity adjustment system and method for forest combustibles based on forest fire danger. The degree of fire and the risk of fire are automatically sprayed with different intensities of water mist to adjust the humidity of combustibles and reduce the risk of forest fires. However, the system relies on the establishment of automatic weather stations and the accuracy of climate prediction, and the water source required by the automatic sprinkler needs to be manually replenished. Therefore, the risk of forest combustible burning cannot be effectively addressed. CN211787404U discloses a forest fire warning device that can automatically clean up fallen leaves. The device can easily absorb and swing the fallen leaves in the forest through devices such as an exhaust fan and a cleaning board, and can efficiently clean and recover the fallen leaves, but The device cannot directly process the recovered fallen leaves, and the fallen leaves need to be transported out of the forest for disposal, so it is not suitable for continuous disposal operations in the forest.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,旨在解决现有的落叶清理装置安全性较差、无法连续作业的问题。In view of the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on comprehensive thermal management, which aims to solve the problems of poor safety and inability to operate continuously in the existing leaf removal device.

为实现上述目的,本发明提供了一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,该森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车包括进料单元、燃烧单元和动力单元,其中:In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley based on comprehensive thermal management, the forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley includes a feeding unit, a combustion unit and a power unit, wherein:

所述进料单元的一端设置在地面上,其另一端与所述燃烧单元连接,从而收集地面落叶并将其送入所述燃烧单元;One end of the feeding unit is set on the ground, and the other end is connected with the burning unit, so as to collect the fallen leaves from the ground and send them into the burning unit;

所述燃烧单元包括气化焚烧炉和铺灰组件,所述气化焚烧炉的顶端设置有烟气出口,该气化焚烧炉的侧壁开设有二次风入口、第一进风口、第二进风口和进料口,同时该气化焚烧炉的内部由上至下依次倾斜设置有第一带孔金属板和第二带孔金属板;所述二次风入口设置在所述第一带孔金属板的上方,所述第一进风口设置在该第一带孔金属板的下方,所述第二进风口设置在所述第二带孔金属板的下方;所述进料口设置在所述二次风入口和第一带孔金属板之间;工作时落叶通过所述进料口进入炉膛并被点燃,在所述第一带孔金属板上进行初步气化,然后落在所述第二带孔金属板上进一步气化为阻燃灰,最后落入所述铺灰组件;气化过程中通过控制第一进风口和第二进风口作为一次风的进风量,保证所述第一带孔金属板和第二带孔金属板的区域处于缺氧环境,有效降低阻燃灰的含碳量;同时通过所述二次风入口提供的二次风保证挥发分充分燃烧;所述铺灰组件设置在所述气化焚烧炉的下方,用于冷却阻燃灰并将其铺盖在地面上;The combustion unit includes a gasification incinerator and an ash laying assembly, the top of the gasification incinerator is provided with a flue gas outlet, and the side wall of the gasification incinerator is provided with a secondary air inlet, a first air inlet, a second air inlet, and a second air inlet. The air inlet and the feed inlet, and the inside of the gasification incinerator is sequentially inclined from top to bottom with a first metal plate with holes and a second metal plate with holes; the secondary air inlet is arranged on the first belt Above the perforated metal plate, the first air inlet is arranged below the first perforated metal plate, and the second air inlet is arranged below the second perforated metal plate; the feed inlet is arranged at Between the secondary air inlet and the first perforated metal plate; during operation, the fallen leaves enter the furnace through the feed opening and are ignited, perform preliminary gasification on the first perforated metal plate, and then fall into the furnace. The second perforated metal plate is further gasified into flame-retardant ash, and finally falls into the ash-laying component; during the gasification process, by controlling the air intake volume of the first air inlet and the second air inlet as primary air, the The areas of the first perforated metal plate and the second perforated metal plate are in an oxygen-deficient environment, which effectively reduces the carbon content of the flame retardant ash; at the same time, the secondary air provided by the secondary air inlet ensures that the volatile matter is fully burned; The ash-laying component is arranged below the gasification incinerator for cooling the flame-retardant ash and covering it on the ground;

所述动力单元包括热利用组件和驱动组件,所述热利用组件与所述烟气出口连接,以利用烟气的热量为所述驱动组件提供电能;所述驱动组件将电能转化为动能,以驱动所述森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车。The power unit includes a heat utilization component and a drive component, the heat utilization component is connected with the flue gas outlet to provide electric energy for the drive component by utilizing the heat of the flue gas; the drive component converts the electric energy into kinetic energy to The self-powered combustion trolley of the forest combustible material is driven.

作为进一步优选的,所述第一进风口与第二进风口的进风量之比为0.6~1.0;所述一次风与进料量的比值为0.3~0.7。As a further preference, the ratio of the air intake volume of the first air inlet to the second air inlet is 0.6-1.0; the ratio of the primary air to the feed volume is 0.3-0.7.

作为进一步优选的,所述进料单元包括传送带、扫叶滚筒、落叶暂存仓、碎吸机和进料口,其中,所述传送带的一端与所述扫叶滚筒连接,其另一端的下方设置有落叶暂存仓,以收集地面落叶并通过所述传送带运输到所述落叶暂存仓中;所述碎吸机设置在所述落叶暂存仓的上方,并与所述进料口连接,同时该进料口的内部设有转轮,工作时所述碎吸机将所述落叶暂存仓中的落叶吸入并粉碎,然后送入所述进料口,并通过调节所述转轮的转速控制进料速率。As a further preferred option, the feeding unit includes a conveyor belt, a leaf sweeping drum, a temporary storage bin for fallen leaves, a crushing suction machine and a feeding port, wherein one end of the conveying belt is connected to the leaf sweeping drum, and the other end is below the leaf sweeping drum. A temporary storage bin for fallen leaves is arranged to collect fallen leaves on the ground and transport them to the temporary storage bin for fallen leaves through the conveyor belt; the crushing suction machine is arranged above the temporary storage bin for fallen leaves and is connected with the feed port At the same time, there is a runner inside the feeding port. During operation, the crushing suction machine sucks and crushes the fallen leaves in the temporary storage bin, and then sends them into the feeding port, and adjusts the runner by adjusting the runner. The rotational speed controls the feed rate.

作为进一步优选的,所述铺灰组件包括灰斗和风机,所述灰斗与所述气化焚烧炉的底部连接,同时所述风机设置在所述灰斗的下方,工作时所述阻燃灰由所述风机降温后,经过灰斗底部开口铺盖在地面上。As a further preference, the ash laying assembly includes an ash hopper and a fan, the ash hopper is connected to the bottom of the gasification incinerator, and the fan is arranged below the ash hopper, and the flame retardant is in operation. After the ash is cooled by the fan, it is spread on the ground through the bottom opening of the ash hopper.

作为进一步优选的,所述热利用组件包括温差发电片、烟道、引水管、水箱、离心水泵和膨胀罐,其中,所述温差发电片设置在烟道与引水管之间,以利用烟气和冷却水的温差进行发电;所述烟道与所述烟气出口连接,从而为所述温差发电片提供热能;所述引水管连接水箱、离心水泵和膨胀罐构成冷却水循环,从而为所述温差发电片提供冷能。As a further preference, the heat utilization component includes a thermoelectric power generation sheet, a flue, a water diversion pipe, a water tank, a centrifugal water pump and an expansion tank, wherein the thermoelectric power generation sheet is arranged between the flue and the water diversion pipe to utilize the flue gas The flue is connected to the flue gas outlet to provide thermal energy for the thermoelectric power generation sheet; the water diversion pipe is connected to the water tank, the centrifugal water pump and the expansion tank to form a cooling water cycle, so as to provide the cooling water circulation for the Thermoelectric sheets provide cold energy.

作为进一步优选的,所述热利用组件还包括设置在所述烟道外部的第一换热器和第二换热器,所述第一换热器设置在所述落叶暂存仓的下方,以利用烟气的热量烘干落叶;所述第二换热器与所述气化焚烧炉的引风机连接,以利用烟气的热量烘干空气。As a further preferred option, the heat utilization assembly further includes a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger arranged outside the flue, the first heat exchanger being arranged below the fallen leaves temporary storage bin, The leaves are dried by the heat of the flue gas; the second heat exchanger is connected with the induced draft fan of the gasification incinerator to dry the air by the heat of the flue gas.

作为进一步优选的,所述森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车集成装置还包括尾气处理单元,所述尾气处理单元包括设置在所述烟道内部的三元催化器和除尘器,分别用于去除烟气中的有害气体和灰尘。As a further preferred option, the integrated device for the self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles further includes an exhaust gas treatment unit, and the exhaust gas treatment unit includes a three-way catalyst and a dust collector disposed inside the flue, which are respectively used to remove the flue gas. harmful gases and dust.

作为进一步优选的,所述森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车还包括控制单元,所述控制单元用于远程遥控所述森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,并实时传输小车的位置和状态。As a further preference, the forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley further includes a control unit, the control unit is used to remotely control the forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley, and transmit the position and status of the trolley in real time.

提供总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,具有以下有益效果:Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

1.本发明提供了一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车装置,该装置考虑到森林可燃物燃烧风险较高的问题,对气化焚烧炉的结构进行了相应改进,使得落叶从进料口进入炉膛后,在第一带孔金属板处完成大部分的气化过程,剩余灰分与未气化落叶在第二带孔金属板处气化完全,从而有效降低灰分的含碳量以获得阻燃灰,经测试铺上该阻燃灰后点燃时间能够延长60s~90s,因而将其铺在地面上能够有效降低森林火灾发生的可能性;同时通过对烟气的热能进行综合利用,不仅能够降低出口烟气及灰分的温度,排除高温烟气与灰分所带来的安全隐患,同时避免造成能源浪费,以此实现小车自供能;1. The present invention provides a self-powered combustion trolley device for forest combustibles based on comprehensive thermal management, which takes into account the high risk of burning forest combustibles, and accordingly improves the structure of the gasification incinerator, so that leaves After entering the furnace from the feed port, most of the gasification process is completed at the first perforated metal plate, and the remaining ash and ungasified leaves are completely gasified at the second perforated metal plate, thereby effectively reducing the carbon content of the ash. After testing, the ignition time can be extended by 60s to 90s after laying the flame retardant ash, so laying it on the ground can effectively reduce the possibility of forest fires; Using it, it can not only reduce the temperature of the flue gas and ash at the outlet, but also eliminate the potential safety hazards caused by the high temperature flue gas and ash, and at the same time avoid the waste of energy, so as to realize the self-supply of the car;

2.尤其是,本发明根据森林可燃物收集的特殊应用环境,对进风量以及进风量与进料量的比值进行优化,能够有效降低阻燃灰的含碳量,提高其阻燃性能,上述参数相互作用获得的阻燃灰能够将着火时间延迟一倍以上,并使得热释放速率下降30%左右,进而有效降低森林火灾发生的可能性;2. In particular, the present invention optimizes the air intake and the ratio of the air intake to the feed amount according to the special application environment of forest combustibles collection, which can effectively reduce the carbon content of the flame retardant ash and improve its flame retardant performance. The flame retardant ash obtained by the interaction of parameters can delay the ignition time by more than one time, and reduce the heat release rate by about 30%, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of forest fires;

3.此外,本发明对热利用组件的具体结构进行优化,能够实现燃烧热能综合梯级利用,实现对森林无人环境中落叶等可燃物的安全、高校、清洁的就地燃烧,并实现小车的自供能。3. In addition, the present invention optimizes the specific structure of the heat utilization component, which can realize the comprehensive cascade utilization of combustion heat energy, realize the safe, high-level and clean burning of combustibles such as fallen leaves in the forest unmanned environment, and realize the burning of the trolley. Self-powered.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明实施例提供的基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of a forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on comprehensive thermal management provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

图2是本发明实施例提供的气化焚烧炉的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the gasification incinerator provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

图3是本发明实施例中制得阻燃灰的热释放速率图。Figure 3 is a graph of the heat release rate of the flame retardant ash prepared in the embodiment of the present invention.

在所有附图中,相同的附图标记用来表示相同的元件或结构,其中:Throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers are used to refer to the same elements or structures, wherein:

1-扫叶滚筒,2-传送带,3-落叶暂存仓,4-碎吸机,5-转轮,6-进料口,7-气化焚烧炉,8-除尘器,9-热障涂层,10-温差发电管,11-引水管,12-烟道,13-温差发电片,14-离心水泵,15-水箱,16-驱动组件,17-灰分暂存仓,18-三元催化器,19-第一换热器,20-第二换热器,21-引风机,22-控制单元,23-二次风入口,24-烟气出口,25-第二带孔金属板,26-第二进风口,27-风机,28-灰斗,29-第一进风口,30-第一带孔金属孔板,31-点燃器。1-leaf sweeping drum, 2-conveyor belt, 3-leaf leaf temporary storage bin, 4-crushing suction machine, 5-runner, 6-feeding port, 7-gasification incinerator, 8-dust collector, 9-thermal barrier Coating, 10-thermoelectric generation pipe, 11-intake pipe, 12-flue, 13-thermoelectric sheet, 14-centrifugal water pump, 15-water tank, 16-drive assembly, 17-ash temporary storage bin, 18-ternary Catalyst, 19-first heat exchanger, 20-second heat exchanger, 21-induced fan, 22-control unit, 23-secondary air inlet, 24-flue gas outlet, 25-second perforated metal plate , 26-second air inlet, 27-fan, 28-ash hopper, 29-first air inlet, 30-first metal perforated plate, 31-igniter.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.

本发明提供了一种基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,该森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车包括进料单元、燃烧单元和动力单元,其中:The present invention provides a forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on comprehensive thermal management, the forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley includes a feeding unit, a combustion unit and a power unit, wherein:

进料单元的一端设置在地面上,其另一端与燃烧单元连接,从而收集地面落叶并将其送入燃烧单元;该进料单元包括传送带2、扫叶滚筒1、落叶暂存仓3、碎吸机4和进料口6,其中,传送带2的一端与扫叶滚筒1连接,其另一端的下方设置有落叶暂存仓3,以收集地面落叶并通过传送带2运输到落叶暂存仓3中;碎吸机4设置在落叶暂存仓3的上方,并与进料口6连接,同时该进料口6的内部设有转轮5,工作时碎吸机4将落叶暂存仓3中的落叶吸入并粉碎,然后送入进料口6,并通过调节转轮5的转速控制进料速率;One end of the feeding unit is set on the ground, and the other end is connected to the combustion unit, so as to collect the fallen leaves from the ground and send them to the combustion unit; A suction machine 4 and a feeding port 6, wherein one end of the conveyor belt 2 is connected to the leaf sweeping drum 1, and a temporary leaf storage bin 3 is arranged below the other end to collect the ground leaves and transport them to the temporary leaf storage bin 3 through the conveyor belt 2 In the middle; the crushing suction machine 4 is arranged above the fallen leaves temporary storage bin 3, and is connected with the feeding port 6, and the inside of the feeding port 6 is provided with a runner 5, and the crushing suction machine 4 will temporarily store the fallen leaves 3 during operation. The fallen leaves are sucked and pulverized, and then sent to the feed port 6, and the feed rate is controlled by adjusting the rotational speed of the runner 5;

燃烧单元包括气化焚烧炉7和铺灰组件,气化焚烧炉7的璧面涂有热障涂层9,气化焚烧炉7的顶端设置有烟气出口24,该气化焚烧炉7的侧壁开设有二次风入口23、第一进风口29、第二进风口26和进料口6,同时该气化焚烧炉7的内部由上至下依次倾斜设置有第一带孔金属板30和第二带孔金属板25;二次风入口23设置在第一带孔金属板30的上方,第一进风口29设置在该第一带孔金属板30的下方,第二进风口26设置在第二带孔金属板25的下方;进料口6设置在二次风入口23和第一带孔金属板30之间;工作时落叶通过进料口6进入炉膛并被点燃器31点燃,在第一带孔金属板30上进行初步气化,然后在重力和风的作用下,初步气化产物落在第二带孔金属板25上进一步气化为阻燃灰,从而保证落叶气化完全,降低灰分含碳量,最后落入铺灰组件;气化过程中通过控制第一进风口29和第二进风口26作为一次风的进风量,保证第一带孔金属板30和第二带孔金属板25的区域处于缺氧环境,有效降低阻燃灰的含碳量;同时通过二次风入口23提供的二次风保证挥发分充分燃烧,避免产生能量浪费;铺灰组件设置在气化焚烧炉7的下方,包括灰斗28和风机27,灰斗28与气化焚烧炉7的底部连接,同时风机27设置在灰斗28的下方,工作时阻燃灰由风机27降温后,经过灰斗28底部开口铺盖在地面上;The combustion unit includes a gasification incinerator 7 and an ash laying assembly, the wall surface of the gasification incinerator 7 is coated with a thermal barrier coating 9, and the top of the gasification incinerator 7 is provided with a flue gas outlet 24. The side wall is provided with a secondary air inlet 23, a first air inlet 29, a second air inlet 26 and a feed inlet 6, while the inside of the gasification incinerator 7 is sequentially inclined from top to bottom with a first perforated metal plate. 30 and the second perforated metal plate 25; the secondary air inlet 23 is arranged above the first perforated metal plate 30, the first air inlet 29 is arranged below the first perforated metal plate 30, and the second air inlet 26 Set below the second perforated metal plate 25; the feed port 6 is set between the secondary air inlet 23 and the first perforated metal plate 30; during operation, fallen leaves enter the furnace through the feed port 6 and are ignited by the igniter 31 , carry out preliminary gasification on the first perforated metal plate 30, and then under the action of gravity and wind, the preliminary gasification product falls on the second perforated metal plate 25 and is further gasified into flame retardant ash, thereby ensuring the gasification of fallen leaves Completely, reduce the carbon content of the ash, and finally fall into the ash laying component; during the gasification process, by controlling the first air inlet 29 and the second air inlet 26 as the air intake of the primary air, the first perforated metal plate 30 and the second air inlet are guaranteed. The area of the perforated metal plate 25 is in an oxygen-deficient environment, which effectively reduces the carbon content of the flame retardant ash; at the same time, the secondary air provided by the secondary air inlet 23 ensures that the volatile matter is fully burned, avoiding energy waste; The bottom of the gasification incinerator 7 includes an ash hopper 28 and a fan 27. The ash hopper 28 is connected to the bottom of the gasification incinerator 7, and the fan 27 is arranged below the ash hopper 28. The flame-retardant ash is cooled by the fan 27 during operation. , and cover it on the ground through the bottom opening of the ash hopper 28;

动力单元包括热利用组件和驱动组件16,热利用组件与烟气出口24连接,以利用烟气的热量为驱动组件提供电能,其包括由温差发电片13、烟道12、引水管11组成的温差发电管,还包括水箱15、离心水泵14和膨胀罐17,其中,温差发电片13设置在烟道12与引水管11之间,以利用烟气和冷却水的温差进行发电;烟道12与烟气出口24连接,从而为温差发电片13提供热能;引水管11连接水箱15、离心水泵14和膨胀罐17构成冷却水循环,为温差发电片13提供冷能;驱动组件16将电能转化为动能,以驱动森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车。The power unit includes a heat utilization component and a driving component 16. The heat utilization component is connected to the flue gas outlet 24 to provide electrical energy for the driving component by utilizing the heat of the flue gas. The thermoelectric power generation tube also includes a water tank 15, a centrifugal water pump 14 and an expansion tank 17, wherein the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 is arranged between the flue 12 and the water diversion pipe 11 to generate electricity by utilizing the temperature difference between the flue gas and the cooling water; the flue 12 It is connected with the flue gas outlet 24 to provide thermal energy for the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13; the water lead pipe 11 is connected to the water tank 15, the centrifugal water pump 14 and the expansion tank 17 to form a cooling water cycle, which provides cold energy for the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13; the drive assembly 16 converts the electrical energy into Kinetic energy to drive the self-powered combustion trolley of forest combustibles.

进一步,根据落叶的特性以及森林防火的特殊应用环境,将第一进风口29与第二进风口26的进风量之比优选为0.6~1.0,从而保证落叶气化反应顺利进行的同时,避免气化反应发生不完全,造成灰分含碳量过高,降低其阻燃效果,进而提高森林火灾发生的风险;同时一次风与进料量的比值优选为0.3~0.7,从而保证气化反应的顺利进行。图3是基于锥形量热仪获得的灰分阻燃性能的测试结果,该灰分为采用本发明提供的基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车对不同种类落叶进行收集获得的阻燃灰,其中第一进风口与第二进风口的进风量之比为0.8,一次风与进料量的比值为0.6。由图3可知,木板铺上阻燃灰之后,热释放速率明显下降,糖槭灰分最高下降了30%左右,其他灰分的热释放速率下降的比例相近,均为25%左右。铺上灰分后木板燃烧放缓,相同时间释放的热量有所减少,这表明灰分的加入阻止了木板热量的生成和释放,即使燃烧后灰分的存在也能在一定程度上抑制火焰的扩散。Further, according to the characteristics of fallen leaves and the special application environment of forest fire prevention, the ratio of the air intake volume of the first air inlet 29 to the second air inlet 26 is preferably 0.6 to 1.0, so as to ensure the smooth progress of the gasification reaction of the fallen leaves, and to avoid gas. The gasification reaction is incomplete, resulting in too high carbon content in the ash, reducing its flame retardant effect, thereby increasing the risk of forest fires; at the same time, the ratio of primary air to feed amount is preferably 0.3 to 0.7, so as to ensure the smooth gasification reaction. conduct. Fig. 3 is the test result of the flame retardant performance of ash obtained based on the cone calorimeter, the ash is the flame retardant ash obtained by collecting different types of fallen leaves with the self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on comprehensive thermal management provided by the present invention , in which the ratio of the air inlet volume of the first air inlet to the second air inlet is 0.8, and the ratio of the primary air to the feed volume is 0.6. It can be seen from Figure 3 that after the board is covered with flame retardant ash, the heat release rate decreases significantly, and the ash content of sugar maple drops by about 30% at the highest. After laying ash, the wood board burns slower, and the heat released at the same time decreases, which indicates that the addition of ash prevents the generation and release of heat from the wood board, and even the presence of ash after burning can inhibit the spread of the flame to a certain extent.

进一步,热利用组件还包括设置在烟道12外部的第一换热器19和第二换热器20,第一换热器19设置在落叶暂存仓3的下方,以利用烟气的热量烘干落叶;第二换热器20与气化焚烧炉7的引风机21连接,以利用烟气的热量烘干空气。Further, the heat utilization assembly further includes a first heat exchanger 19 and a second heat exchanger 20 arranged outside the flue 12 , and the first heat exchanger 19 is arranged below the temporary storage bin 3 to utilize the heat of the flue gas Dry the fallen leaves; the second heat exchanger 20 is connected to the induced draft fan 21 of the gasification incinerator 7 to use the heat of the flue gas to dry the air.

进一步,森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车集成装置还包括尾气处理单元,尾气处理单元包括设置在烟道12内部的三元催化器18和除尘器8,分别用于去除烟气中的有害气体和灰尘。Further, the integrated device for the self-powered combustion trolley of forest combustibles also includes an exhaust gas treatment unit, and the exhaust gas treatment unit includes a three-way catalyst 18 and a dust collector 8 arranged inside the flue 12, which are respectively used to remove harmful gases and dust in the flue gas. .

进一步,森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车还包括控制单元22,控制单元22用于远程遥控森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车,并实时传输小车的位置和状态。Further, the forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley further includes a control unit 22, and the control unit 22 is used to remotely control the forest fuel self-powered combustion trolley, and transmit the position and status of the trolley in real time.

下面对本发明提供的基于综合热管理的森林可燃物自供能燃烧小车装置的工作过程进行介绍。The working process of the self-powered combustion trolley device for forest combustibles based on comprehensive thermal management provided by the present invention will be introduced below.

首先通过扫叶滚筒1与传送带2将地面落叶扫至落叶暂存仓3中,由第一换热器19干燥落叶后再经碎吸机4吸入气化焚烧炉7中,落叶由点燃器31引燃,产物灰分落至灰分冷却与排出系统降温排放,燃烧高温烟气首先经过温差发电管10,利用温差发电片13产生电能将储存在蓄电池中,接着烟气通过三元催化器18与除尘器8实现净化除尘,最后烟气通入第一换热器19与落叶暂存仓3内落叶换热,烘干落叶,接着通入第二换热器20与空气换热,提高进气温度,而后经引风机21排入大气。First, the leaves on the ground are swept into the temporary leaf storage bin 3 by the leaf sweeping drum 1 and the conveyor belt 2. The leaves are dried by the first heat exchanger 19 and then sucked into the gasification incinerator 7 through the crushing suction machine 4. The leaves are ignited by the igniter 31. Ignition, the product ash falls to the ash cooling and discharge system to cool down and discharge, the combustion high temperature flue gas first passes through the thermoelectric power generation tube 10, uses the thermoelectric power generation sheet 13 to generate electricity and stores it in the battery, and then the flue gas passes through the three-way catalyst 18 and dust removal Finally, the flue gas is passed into the first heat exchanger 19 to exchange heat with the leaves in the temporary storage bin 3 to dry the leaves, and then pass into the second heat exchanger 20 to exchange heat with the air to increase the intake air temperature. , and then discharged into the atmosphere through the induced draft fan 21 .

本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a forest combustible self-powered burning dolly based on synthesize heat management, its characterized in that, this forest combustible self-powered burning dolly includes feed unit, combustion element and power pack, wherein:
one end of the feeding unit is arranged on the ground, and the other end of the feeding unit is connected with the combustion unit, so that ground fallen leaves are collected and sent to the combustion unit;
the combustion unit comprises a gasification incinerator (7) and a dust spreading component, a smoke outlet (24) is formed in the top end of the gasification incinerator (7), a secondary air inlet (23), a first air inlet (29), a second air inlet (26) and a feed inlet (6) are formed in the side wall of the gasification incinerator (7), and meanwhile, a first perforated metal plate (30) and a second perforated metal plate (25) are sequentially and obliquely arranged in the gasification incinerator (7) from top to bottom; the secondary air inlet (23) is arranged above the first perforated metal plate (30), the first air inlet (29) is arranged below the first perforated metal plate (30), and the second air inlet (26) is arranged below the second perforated metal plate (25); the feed inlet (6) is arranged between the secondary air inlet (23) and the first perforated metal plate (30); when the device works, fallen leaves enter a hearth through the feeding hole (6) and are ignited, are primarily gasified on the first perforated metal plate (30), then fall on the second perforated metal plate (25) to be further gasified into flame-retardant ash, and finally fall into the ash spreading assembly; in the gasification process, the first air inlet (29) and the second air inlet (26) are controlled to be used as the air inlet volume of primary air, so that the areas of the first perforated metal plate (30) and the second perforated metal plate (25) are ensured to be in an anoxic environment, and the carbon content of the flame retardant ash is effectively reduced; meanwhile, secondary air provided by the secondary air inlet (23) ensures that volatile components are fully combusted; the ash spreading component is arranged below the gasification incinerator (7) and used for cooling the flame-retardant ash and spreading the flame-retardant ash on the ground;
the power unit comprises a heat utilization assembly and a driving assembly (16), the heat utilization assembly is connected with the smoke outlet (24) so as to utilize the heat of the smoke to provide electric energy for the driving assembly; the driving component (16) converts the electric energy into kinetic energy so as to drive the forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley.
2. The forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on the comprehensive thermal management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of the air intake of the first air inlet (29) to the air intake of the second air inlet (26) is 0.6-1.0; the ratio of the primary air to the feeding amount is 0.3-0.7.
3. The forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on the integrated heat management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the feeding unit comprises a conveyor belt (2), a leaf sweeping roller (1), a fallen leaf temporary storage bin (3), a breaking suction machine (4) and a feeding port (6), wherein one end of the conveyor belt (2) is connected with the leaf sweeping roller (1), and the fallen leaf temporary storage bin (3) is arranged below the other end of the conveyor belt to collect fallen leaves on the ground and transport the fallen leaves into the fallen leaf temporary storage bin (3) through the conveyor belt (2); the broken suction machine (4) is arranged above the fallen leaves temporary storage bin (3) and connected with the feeding port (6), meanwhile, a rotating wheel (5) is arranged inside the feeding port (6), and when the broken suction machine works, the broken suction machine (4) sucks and crushes the fallen leaves in the fallen leaves temporary storage bin (3), then the fallen leaves are fed into the feeding port (6), and the feeding speed is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating wheel (5).
4. A forest combustible self-powered combustion carriage as claimed in claim 1 and based on integrated thermal management, characterised in that the ash spreading assembly comprises an ash bucket (28) and a fan (27), the ash bucket (28) is connected with the bottom of the gasification incinerator (7), and the fan (27) is arranged below the ash bucket (28), and the flame-retardant ash is spread on the ground through an opening at the bottom of the ash bucket (28) after being cooled by the fan (27) during operation.
5. The forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on the integrated heat management as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heat utilization assembly comprises a thermoelectric generation piece (13), a flue (12), a water conduit (11), a water tank (15), a centrifugal water pump (14) and an expansion tank (17), wherein the thermoelectric generation piece (13) is arranged between the flue (12) and the water conduit (11) to utilize the temperature difference between the flue gas and the cooling water for power generation; the flue (12) is connected with the flue gas outlet (24) so as to provide heat energy for the thermoelectric generation sheet (13); the water conduit (11) is connected with the water tank (15), the centrifugal water pump (14) and the expansion tank (17) to form cooling water circulation, so that cold energy is provided for the thermoelectric generation piece (13).
6. A forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on integrated heat management as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that the heat utilisation assembly further comprises a first heat exchanger (19) and a second heat exchanger (20) arranged outside the flue (12), the first heat exchanger (19) being arranged below the fallen leaves temporary storage bin (3) to utilise the heat of the flue gases to dry the fallen leaves; the second heat exchanger (20) is connected with a draught fan (21) of the gasification incinerator (7) so as to dry air by utilizing the heat of the flue gas.
7. A forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on integrated thermal management as claimed in claim 5 characterised in that the forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley further comprises a tail gas treatment unit comprising a three way catalyst (18) and a dust separator (8) arranged inside the flue (12) for removing harmful gases and dust from flue gases respectively.
8. A forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley based on integrated thermal management as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley further comprises a control unit (22), the control unit (22) being configured to remotely control the forest combustible self-powered combustion trolley and to transmit the position and status of the trolley in real time.
CN202110513154.0A 2021-05-11 2021-05-11 A self-powered combustion trolley for forest combustibles based on integrated thermal management Active CN113266830B (en)

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CA2324053A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-04-20 Malahat Systems Corporation Gasifier
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