CN113265379B - 一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,包括微球主体和镶嵌在所述微球主体顶部的功能化斑点,所述微球主体的底部内嵌有重力球,所述重力球用于调整所述微球主体的重心,使所述功能化斑点保持向上;还公开了所述微球的制备方法和应用,本发明的具有功能化斑点的微球可用于生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物材料技术领域,特别涉及一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
细胞、细菌和病毒是生物学领域中三大类材料,它们都具有颗粒的属性,如病毒通常在15-200nm,细菌在0.2-8μm,而人体哺乳细胞通常在5-30μm。现有的生物学研究方法,无论是生理生化研究,还是基因和基因组研究,通常采用许多相同的细胞。如常规的细菌基因组测序,通常采用几十万甚至几百万个细菌个体,一起破碎后提取基因作为模板,然后进行基因扩增和测序。但现代科学技术已经证明,细菌、病毒、细胞的个体之间是有差异的。在一定条件下,研究这些差异是很有必要的,如新冠肺炎病毒,通过研究一个样本中单个纳米病毒的基因组或生理,有助于了解病毒的突变路径,从而为治疗药物和治疗方法的开发提供理论基础。
因为病毒的个体极其微小,属于纳米尺度的生物颗粒,通常只能在电子显微镜下才能看到,高通量地分离一大批单个病毒颗粒,在目前还是难以做到。因此,需要寻找新的可用于病毒单颗粒分离的材料或方法,以应用于病毒的分离和纯化。
细菌、细胞的个体更加大一些,现有技术通常采用流式细胞仪、光学显微镜下微操纵等方法,将细菌或细胞分成几大类,如10xGenomics的单细胞仪器,采用微流控的方法,分离单个细胞,但通常只能分离5μm以上的细胞,而且得率最高只有40%左右,通常只有百分之十几。因此,也有必要开发基于新原理的单细胞分离方法和仪器。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种表面具有功能化微米或纳米斑点的微球及其制备方法和应用。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,包括微球主体和镶嵌在所述微球主体顶部的功能化斑点,所述微球主体的底部内嵌有重力球,所述重力球用于调整所述微球主体的重心,使所述功能化斑点保持向上。
进一步地,所述微球主体的直径为2-60μm,表面不具有吸附特性,表面经荧光或量子点修饰,内部经磁性修饰。
进一步地,所述微球主体采用聚苯乙烯磁性微球或二氧化硅磁性微球。
进一步地,所述重力球的直径为所述微球主体的30%-50%,比重为2-10。
进一步地,所述功能化斑点具有吸附特性,直径为15nm-30μm。
进一步地,所述功能化斑点含有可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质,所述可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质包括吸附分子、吸附纳米颗粒或经修饰的微纳球。
进一步地,所述功能化斑点通过凝胶固定镶嵌在所述微球主体的顶部。
进一步地,所述凝胶为明胶、琼脂或聚乙二醇。
进一步地,所述吸附分子包括链霉亲合素、蛋白A或蛋白G;所述吸附纳米颗粒包括纳米金颗粒、富勒烯纳米颗粒,直径为1-20nm;所述经修饰的微纳球为经氨基、羧基、羟基或链霉亲和素修饰的微纳球,直径2nm-30μm。
一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备含有微米孔阵列的芯片,并将微米球阵列于所述芯片的微米孔中,每个孔洞只含有一个微米球;
S2、在所述微球上刻蚀一个微米孔,并将重力球压入所述微米孔中,得到内嵌有重力球的微球主体;
S3、将所述微球主体悬浮于液体中,采用沉降或过滤的方法将所述微球主体阵列在所述芯片上;
S4、在所述微球主体上方贴一层纳米薄膜,在所述微球主体顶部刻蚀一个微米或纳米大小的微纳孔;
S5、在所述纳米薄膜上铺一层含有所述可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质的所述混合凝胶,用压印法将所述混合凝胶灌满所述微纳孔;
S6、去除覆盖在芯片表面的纳米薄膜,未压入微纳孔的混合凝胶被清除,待混合凝胶凝固后,得到具有功能化斑点的微球。
进一步地,步骤S1中所述微米孔的直径为2-60μm,深度为1-30μm。
进一步地,步骤S4中所述纳米薄膜厚度为3-50nm;所述微纳孔直径为15nm-30μm,深度为15nm-30μm。
一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的应用,所述微球用于生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离。
进一步地,所述生物活性颗粒包括病毒单颗粒、蛋白单颗粒、核酸单颗粒、单个微生物或单个细胞。
进一步地,所述生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离具体包括如下步骤:
A1、将表面具有功能化斑点的所述微球阵列在含有微米孔阵列的第一块芯片上;
A2、将含有生物活性颗粒的溶液添加到所述第一块芯片的表面,生物活性颗粒被吸附在所述微球的功能化斑点上;
A3、洗去多余的生物活性颗粒,盖上第二块芯片,利用磁性吸附的方法将吸附了生物活性颗粒的微球转移到第二块芯片上。
采用上述技术方案后,本发明与背景技术相比,具有如下优点:
1、本发明的微球底部内嵌有重力球,通过重力球调节微球主体的重心,使微球主体在溶液中处于不倒翁的状态,从而使微球主体顶部的功能化斑点能够一直保持向上,利于生物活性颗粒的吸附、检测和分离;
2、微球顶部的功能化斑点含有吸附生物活性颗粒的活性物质,因此具有良好吸附生物颗粒的能力,根据生物活性颗粒的大小,可选择与活性颗粒尺寸相近的纳米或者微米大小的功能化斑点,从而实现生物活性颗粒的单颗粒吸附和分离;如吸附病毒颗粒,可设计与病毒颗粒尺寸相近的纳米功能化斑点,单个病毒颗粒被吸附在该功能化斑点上,而微球主体表面不吸附生物颗粒,且表面经荧光或量子点修饰,内部经磁性修饰,可通过磁吸附法实现微球的分离和检测;
3、本发明的微球的制备方法具有低成本、高效快速的优点;
4、本发明的微球具有生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的微球结构和应用原理示意图;
图2为本发明的压印制备功能化斑点的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例一
如图1所示,一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,包括微球主体1和镶嵌在所述微球主体1顶部的功能化斑点2,所述微球主体1的底部内嵌有重力球3,所述重力球3用于调整所述微球主体1的重心,使所述功能化斑点2保持向上。所述功能化斑点2用于吸附单个生物活性颗粒4。
所述微球主体1采用市售的直径为5μm的聚苯乙烯磁性微球。
所述重力球3的直径为2.5μm,比重为7.6。
所述功能化斑点2由含有链霉亲合素的混合凝胶凝固而成,具有吸附特性,直径为100nm。所述混合凝胶由浓度10%的明胶和质量浓度为0.15%链霉亲合素组成。
这里凝胶起到固定的作用,根据实际制备过程,凝胶可选择浓度为8-12%的明胶;质量浓度为0.05%-0.3%链霉亲合素。
实施例二
如图2所示,一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、制备含有微米孔阵列的芯片5,并将微米球阵列于所述芯片5的微米孔中,每个孔洞只含有一个微米球;本实施例的芯片采用多孔陶瓷芯片,微米孔阵列的孔洞为圆柱形孔6,圆柱形孔的直径比微米球大200nm,孔深比微米球直径小300nm,相邻两孔壁间距为5μm;
根据实际的微米球尺寸,可以选择圆柱形孔的直径比微米球大50-400nm,孔深比微米球的直径小30-750nm,相邻两孔壁间距为3-25μm,多孔陶瓷芯片的厚度为0.5-3mm,此外,芯片5还可选择厚度为2-20μm的单晶硅板芯片,微米孔阵列的孔洞还可制作成锥形孔。
S2、采用通孔掩膜光刻技术在所述30μm微米球3上刻蚀一个直径为15μm,深度为15μm的微米孔,并将重力球3压入所述微米孔中,得到内嵌有重力球3的微球主体1;
S3、将所述微球主体1悬浮于液体中,采用重力沉降的方法将所述微球主体1阵列在所述芯片5上,所述微球主体高处芯片5表面500nm;
根据实际的微米球尺寸,可控制微球主体高出芯片5表面30-750nm;此外,上述步骤还可以采用过滤的方法将所述微球主体1阵列在所述芯片5上。
S4、在所述微球主体上方贴一层纳米薄膜7,采用通孔掩膜技术在所述微球主体1顶部刻蚀一个微纳孔,所述纳米薄膜7厚度为20nm,所述微纳孔直径为15μm,深度为10μm;
根据实际需要,可选择的纳米薄膜7的厚度为5-50nm;
S5、在所述纳米薄膜7上铺一层含有链霉亲合素的混合凝胶溶液8,用压印法将所述混合凝胶溶液8灌满微纳孔;本实施例的凝胶采用市售的浓度为10%的明胶,吸附物质为直径为10nm市售的表面氨基化二氧化硅纳米球,此外,凝胶还可以选择琼脂、聚乙二醇等高分子材料。
S6、去除覆盖在芯片5表面的纳米薄膜7,未压入微纳孔的混合凝胶溶液被清除,待混合凝胶凝固后,得到具有功能化斑点的微球。
实施例三
一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的应用,本实施例采用实施例一的微球进行病毒单颗粒的吸附和分离,具体包括如下步骤:
A1、将表面具有功能化斑点的所述微球阵列在含有微米孔阵列的第一块芯片上;
A2、将含病毒颗粒的溶液添加到所述第一块芯片的表面,病毒颗粒被吸附在所述微球的功能化斑点上;
A3、洗去多余的病毒颗粒,盖上第二块芯片,利用磁性吸附的方法将吸附了病毒颗粒的微球转移到第二块芯片上。
本实施例根据需要吸附和分离的病毒单颗粒的尺寸,设计了具有相应尺寸的功能化斑点的微球,使得每个功能化斑点仅能吸附单个病毒颗粒,从而实现病毒单颗粒的分离。此外,还可以根据需要吸附和分离的细菌、细胞的尺寸设计相对应的功能化斑点,以实现不同尺寸的生物活性颗粒的单颗粒分离。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (15)
1.一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:包括微球主体和镶嵌在所述微球主体顶部的功能化斑点,所述微球主体的底部内嵌有重力球,所述重力球用于调整所述微球主体的重心,使所述功能化斑点保持向上。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述微球主体的直径为2-60μm,表面不具有吸附特性,表面经荧光或量子点修饰,内部经磁性修饰。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述微球主体采用聚苯乙烯磁性微球或二氧化硅磁性微球。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述重力球的直径为所述微球主体的30%-50%,比重为2-10。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述功能化斑点具有吸附特性,直径为15nm-30μm。
6.如权利要求5所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述功能化斑点含有可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质,所述可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质包括吸附分子、吸附纳米颗粒或经修饰的微纳球。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述功能化斑点通过凝胶固定镶嵌在所述微球主体的顶部。
8.如权利要求7所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述凝胶为明胶、琼脂或聚乙二醇。
9.如权利要求6所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球,其特征在于:所述吸附分子包括链霉亲合素、蛋白A或蛋白G;所述吸附纳米颗粒包括纳米金颗粒、富勒烯纳米颗粒,直径为1-20nm;所述经修饰的微纳球为经氨基、羧基、羟基或链霉亲和素修饰的微纳球,直径2nm-30μm。
10.如权利要求1所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
S1、制备含有微米孔阵列的芯片,并将微米球阵列于所述芯片的微米孔中,每个孔洞只含有一个微米球;
S2、在所述微球上刻蚀一个微米孔,并将重力球压入所述微米孔中,得到内嵌有重力球的微球主体;
S3、将所述微球主体悬浮于液体中,采用沉降或过滤的方法将所述微球主体阵列在所述芯片上;
S4、在所述微球主体上方贴一层纳米薄膜,在所述微球主体顶部刻蚀一个微米或纳米大小的微纳孔;
S5、在所述纳米薄膜上铺一层含有可吸附生物活性颗粒的物质的混合凝胶,用压印法将所述混合凝胶灌满所述微纳孔;
S6、去除覆盖在芯片表面的纳米薄膜,未压入微纳孔的混合凝胶被清除,待混合凝胶凝固后,得到具有功能化斑点的微球。
11.如权利要求10所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中所述微米孔的直径为2-60μm,深度为1-30μm。
12.如权利要求11所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤S4中所述纳米薄膜厚度为3-50nm;所述微纳孔直径为15nm-30μm,深度为15nm-30μm。
13.如权利要求1所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的应用,其特征在于:所述微球用于生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离。
14.如权利要求13所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的应用,其特征在于:所述生物活性颗粒包括病毒单颗粒、蛋白单颗粒、核酸单颗粒、单个微生物或单个细胞。
15.如权利要求14所述的一种表面具有功能化斑点的微球的应用,其特征在于:所述生物活性颗粒的吸附和分离具体包括如下步骤:
A1、将表面具有功能化斑点的所述微球阵列在含有微米孔阵列的第一块芯片上;
A2、将含有生物活性颗粒的溶液添加到所述第一块芯片的表面,生物活性颗粒被吸附在所述微球的功能化斑点上;
A3、洗去多余的生物活性颗粒,盖上第二块芯片,利用磁性吸附的方法将吸附了生物活性颗粒的微球转移到第二块芯片上。
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