Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a water washing method of a lithium ion cathode material, which has good washing effect on residual alkali metal, small structural damage to the material and small influence on capacity, cycle performance and safety performance.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for washing a lithium ion anode material comprises the step of adding liquid nitrogen and ammonium azide into a washing system when the lithium ion anode material is washed.
The above-mentioned method for washing a lithium ion positive electrode material with water preferably comprises the steps of:
s1, adding ammonium azide into deionized water, and adding liquid nitrogen to keep the temperature of the deionized water at 0-20 ℃;
s2, adding a lithium ion positive electrode material, stirring, washing, and continuously adding liquid nitrogen during the washing period to ensure that the temperature of the water-washed slurry is 0-20 ℃;
and S3, removing residual water in the water-washing slurry treated in the step S2, and drying to obtain the product.
In the above method for washing the lithium ion cathode material with water, preferably, the amount of the ammonium azide is 0.05wt% to 1.00 wt% of the weight of the lithium ion cathode material.
In the above method for washing the lithium ion cathode material, preferably, the amount of the deionized water is 30-110 wt% of the lithium ion cathode material.
In the above method for washing a lithium ion positive electrode material, in step S2, the stirring time is preferably 0 to 60 min.
The method for washing the lithium ion cathode material is characterized in that in step S3, the drying is double-cone drying or roller kiln drying spray drying; the drying temperature is 80-250 ℃.
In the above-described method for washing the lithium ion positive electrode material with water, it is preferable that in step S3, spray drying, filter-press filtration or centrifugal filtration is used to remove residual water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
through a great deal of research and development, in the process of washing the residual alkali metal on the surface of the lithium ion battery material, the method improves the content of the residual Li by adding liquid nitrogen and ammonium azide into water2CO3The cleaning effect and efficiency can be realized, and simultaneously the material structure can be protected, and Li in the material can be prevented+Persistent withdrawal. Through analysis, the liquid nitrogen maintains the proper temperature of the solution in the water washing process, and accelerates Li on the surface of the matrix material2CO3The dissolution of (2) improves the washing efficiency, and then improves the washing and reduces the effect of the remaining Li of the lithium carbonate on the surface of the material, and the ammonium azide forms a protective layer on the surface of the material, thereby preventing the sustainable damage of the water washing process water to the material, and balancing the solution Li of the water washing process+Concentration as a buffer to inhibit Li in the material+The continuous separation is carried out to achieve the aim of the matrix material, and the liquid nitrogen can improve the solubility of the ammonium azide in the water washing solution while maintaining the low temperature, thereby further inhibiting Li in the water washing process+Can be continuously released. Therefore, the amount of Li remaining in the reaction solution is increased2CO3The cleaning effect and efficiency can be realized, and simultaneously the material structure can be protected, and Li in the material can be prevented+Is removed.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific preferred embodiments of the description, without thereby limiting the scope of protection of the invention.
The invention discloses a lithium ion positive electrode material, which is characterized in that a main crystal structure of the positive electrode material is easy to damage when residual alkali metal on the surface of the positive electrode material is cleaned by using the conventional water washing agent and the conventional water washing method, and the removal effect is poor and the residual alkali metal is easy to cause, so that the theoretical capacity is reduced, the safety performance and the cycle performance of the material are influenced, and the like.
The materials and equipment used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1:
a water washing method of a lithium ion cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) introducing the deionized water into a beaker, wherein the weight of the deionized water is 80wt% of that of water washing materials, and the water washing materials are high-nickel NCM (811) polycrystalline materials;
(2) adding a proper amount of liquid nitrogen, and ensuring the temperature of the deionized water in the step (1) to be 5 ℃;
(3) adding ammonium azide, wherein the weight of the ammonium azide is 0.05wt% of that of the water washing material;
(4) slowly adding the water-washed material at a constant speed within 2 minutes, stirring for 10 minutes, continuously adding liquid nitrogen during the stirring, ensuring the temperature of the water-washed slurry to be 5 ℃, and obtaining the water-washed material;
(5) filter pressing and filtering to remove residual water;
(6) and (3) drying: drying by adopting a double cone at the drying temperature of 200 ℃.
XRD detection is carried out on the lithium ion battery anode material after washing, and the crystal form is not changed, which indicates that the main structure of the material after washing is not changed.
Example 2:
a water washing method of a lithium ion cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) introducing the deionized water into a beaker, wherein the weight of the deionized water is 80wt% of that of water washing materials, and the water washing materials are high-nickel NCM (811) polycrystalline materials;
(2) adding a proper amount of liquid nitrogen, and ensuring the temperature of the deionized water in the step (1) to be 15 ℃;
(3) adding ammonium azide, wherein the weight of the ammonium azide is 0.20wt% of that of the water washing material;
(4) slowly adding the water-washed material at a constant speed within 2 minutes, stirring for 10 minutes, continuously adding liquid nitrogen during the stirring, ensuring the temperature of the water-washed slurry to be 15 ℃, and obtaining the water-washed material;
(5) removing residual water; one of spray drying, filter pressing filtration and centrifugal filtration can be selected;
(6) drying at 200 deg.C; one of bipyramid drying and roller kiln drying and spray drying can be selected.
XRD detection is carried out on the lithium ion battery anode material after washing, and the crystal form is not changed, which indicates that the main structure of the material after washing is not changed.
Example 3:
a water washing method of a lithium ion cathode material comprises the following steps:
(1) introducing the deionized water into a beaker, wherein the weight of the deionized water is 80wt% of that of water washing materials, and the water washing materials are high-nickel NCM (811) polycrystalline materials;
(2) adding a proper amount of liquid nitrogen, and ensuring the temperature of the deionized water in the step (1) to be 5 ℃;
(3) adding ammonium azide, wherein the weight of the ammonium azide is 0.60wt% of that of the water washing material;
(4) slowly adding the water-washed material at a constant speed within 2 minutes, stirring for 10 minutes, continuously adding liquid nitrogen during the stirring, ensuring the temperature of the water-washed slurry to be 5 ℃, and obtaining the water-washed material;
(5) removing residual water; one of spray drying, filter pressing filtration and centrifugal filtration can be selected;
(6) drying at 200 deg.C; one of bipyramid drying and roller kiln drying and spray drying can be selected.
XRD detection is carried out on the lithium ion battery anode material after washing, and the crystal form is not changed, which indicates that the main structure of the material after washing is not changed.
The surface residual Li of the positive electrode material cleaned by the above-mentioned each example and the conventional cleaning method is carried out2CO3And Li/Me (i.e., the molar ratio of Li to other metals in the positive electrode material after water washing) testThe results are shown in Table 1.
The positive electrode material cleaned by the above-mentioned embodiments and the conventional cleaning method is matched with metal Li to manufacture a half cell, wherein the positive electrode slurry for preparing the positive electrode plate comprises the positive electrode material, the conductive agent and the binder (mass ratio is 92:4: 4) after water washing. And (3) carrying out charge and discharge tests on the prepared battery, wherein the test conditions are as follows: the charging and discharging voltage range is 2.8-4.25V, the capacity test is 0.1C, the cycle test is 1C, and the accuracy of data is reduced when the cycle performance test of the half-cell exceeds 50 weeks, so the cycle number is 50 weeks. The electrochemical properties of the test are shown in table 1, and the cycle performance chart is shown in fig. 1.
TABLE 1
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention in any manner. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the disclosed embodiments, or equivalent modifications, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, using the methods and techniques disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent replacement, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are still within the scope of the protection of the technical solution of the present invention.