Background
The enameled wire is an important electrical insulating part and is used for generating a good insulating layer between wires in the winding so as to organize the circulation of current and maintain the normal and stable operation of the whole workpiece equipment, so that the enameled wire is required to have higher mechanical strength, temperature resistance and aging resistance.
The main chain structure of the polyester-imide molecule contains both ester groups and heat-resistant imine rings, so that the polyester-imide molecule has the flexibility of polyester and the heat resistance of polyimide. The polyesterimide enameled wire is widely used in sealed motors, electric tools, and other motors and electric appliances with high heat resistance grades due to the excellent heat resistance. With the continuous updating of the electrical equipment, the performance requirements of the electrical equipment on the enamelled wire are more and more strict, so the technical requirements on the enamelled wire paint are higher. Due to the fact that the application fields of the electric appliances are different, the grades of enamelled wires applied by different motors are different.
Although the polyesterimide enameled wire can meet the requirements of most customers in terms of electric performance, thermal performance, chemical performance and the like, the polyesterimide enameled wire has the following defects that:
1. because the adhesion force between the polyester imide paint film molecules and the conductors is insufficient, in a paint film flexibility test, the polyester imide enameled wire is coiled for 1d after 15% extension, and the phenomenon of paint film cracking occurs, in particular to an enameled wire with the nominal diameter of more than 0.8 mm;
2. the surface hardness, scratch resistance and softening breakdown properties of the polyesterimide paint film are poor.
In recent years, the requirements of customers at home and abroad on the quality and reliability of products are higher and higher requirements are also put forward on the polyesterimide enameled wire. The invention develops a novel polyesterimide enameled wire and a preparation method thereof, the surface hardness, scratch resistance and softening breakdown performance of the novel polyesterimide enameled wire are improved, the adhesive force is improved, meanwhile, the breakdown voltage can be effectively improved, and the novel polyesterimide enameled wire has positive effects of improving the use safety of the polyesterimide enameled wire and expanding the application range of the polyesterimide enameled wire.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention develops a novel polyesterimide enameled wire and a preparation method thereof, which have the advantages that the surface hardness, scratch resistance and softening breakdown performance are improved, the adhesive force is improved, and meanwhile, the breakdown voltage can be effectively improved.
A preparation method of a novel polyesterimide enameled wire comprises the following steps:
1) A blank preparation step: industrial pure copper is used as a blank, and the appearance of the copper material is ensured to have no defects of oxidization, burrs and cracks;
2) And (3) wiredrawing: carrying out large stretching, medium stretching, small stretching and micro stretching on the copper material in a grading manner to obtain a bare copper wire;
3) Cleaning, namely cleaning greasy dirt and particles on the surface of the bare copper wire;
4) Annealing the cleaned bare copper wire in an annealing furnace at 500-700 ℃;
5) The steps of painting and baking, namely, carrying out surface painting on the annealed bare copper wire, wherein paint liquid is modified polyester imide paint, and baking and curing after painting;
6) And (3) a lubrication step: the surface of the baked bare copper wire is coated with lubricant after being cooled;
7) And (3) a wire winding step: and carrying out winding treatment of the enameled wire by a winding device.
Further, the modified polyester-imide paint comprises the following components:
50-60 parts of polyester imine resin; 3-6 parts of filler; 20-30 parts of solvent; 1-3 parts of curing agent.
The polyester imine resin is one of Kelamal ZYH9150 and Yingtai YA114.
The filler is powder with the particle size of less than 100nm, which is obtained by grinding one ore of illite, sepiolite and allophane.
The solvent is one of toluene, xylene and petroleum ether.
The curing agent is one of linear phenolic resin, tetrabutyl titanate and tetraisopropyl titanate, preferably the linear phenolic resin, the tetrabutyl titanate and the tetraisopropyl titanate with the mass ratio of 3-5:1-2:1-2.
Further, the filler is modified sepiolite powder, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) At the particle size<Adding 60-80% of water into 100nm sepiolite powder, uniformly mixing and pulping, then adding sodium hexametaphosphate, oleamide and silane coupling agent which are respectively 3-5% and 5-8% of sepiolite powder by mass, stirring and emulsifying at high speed, and introducing CO while stirring 2 Until the pH is 6.5-7.0;
(2) And (3) carrying out vacuum dehydration and drying on the slurry obtained in the step (1), and then coarsely grinding the solid obtained by drying by a sand mill until the particle size is less than 500nm to obtain the modified sepiolite powder.
The silane coupling agent is one of KH550, KH560 and KH 570.
Further, the preparation method of the modified polyester-imide paint comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the polyester-imide resin in a solvent, adding a filler, continuously grinding for 2-4 hours by a sand mill after uniform dispersion, and obtaining polyester-imide slurry after finishing grinding;
(2) Dissolving the curing agent in the rest solvent, adding the polyester-imide slurry prepared in the step (1) after the dissolution is completed, and uniformly stirring to prepare the modified polyester-imide paint.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the novel filler is utilized, and the prepared modified polyester imide paint has the characteristics of small friction coefficient, high surface hardness, good scratch resistance and excellent softening breakdown performance after being dried, and meanwhile, the breakdown voltage is greatly improved, so that the use safety and the application range of the prepared enameled wire can be improved; the sepiolite powder has better effect of improving various properties of the modified polyester-imide paint by virtue of a layer chain structure;
2. the modified sepiolite powder has the function of improving the adhesion of the modified polyester-imide paint film molecules and conductors, can effectively improve the flexibility of the polyester-imide enameled wire, and does not crack or separate even if the paint film of the enameled wire with the nominal diameter of more than 0.8mm is subjected to winding experiments and quick-break experiments;
3. the modified sepiolite powder has the characteristic of good lubricity, the friction coefficient of the prepared modified polyester-imide paint film is small, the prepared enameled wire does not need to be coated with a lubricant before winding, the process is saved, and the production efficiency is improved;
4. the modified sepiolite powder also has the function of stabilizing the modified polyester-imide paint.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A preparation method of a novel polyester imide enameled wire comprises the following steps of:
50 parts of polyester imine resin; 3 parts of filler; 20 parts of solvent; 1 part of curing agent.
The polyester imine resin is Keramal ZYH9150.
The filler is powder with the particle size of 80nm obtained by grinding illite.
The solvent is toluene.
The curing agent is phenolic novolac resin.
The preparation method of the modified polyester-imide paint comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the polyester-imide resin in a solvent, adding a filler, continuously grinding for 2 hours by a sand mill after uniform dispersion, and obtaining polyester-imide slurry after finishing grinding;
(2) Dissolving the curing agent in the rest solvent, adding the polyester-imide slurry prepared in the step (1) after the dissolution is completed, and uniformly stirring to prepare the modified polyester-imide paint.
Example 2
A preparation method of a novel polyester imide enameled wire comprises the following steps of:
52 parts of a polyester imine resin; 5 parts of filler; 24 parts of solvent; 2 parts of curing agent.
The polyester imine resin is Keramal ZYH9150.
The filler is powder with the particle size of 50nm, which is obtained by grinding sepiolite.
The solvent is xylene.
The curing agent is tetrabutyl titanate.
The preparation method of the modified polyester-imide paint comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the polyester-imide resin in a solvent, adding a filler, continuously grinding for 3 hours by a sand mill after uniform dispersion, and obtaining polyester-imide slurry after finishing grinding;
(2) Dissolving the curing agent in the rest solvent, adding the polyester-imide slurry prepared in the step (1) after the dissolution is completed, and uniformly stirring to prepare the modified polyester-imide paint.
Example 3
A preparation method of a novel polyester imide enameled wire comprises the following steps of:
60 parts of polyester imine resin; 6 parts of filler; 30 parts of solvent; 3 parts of curing agent.
The polyester imine resin is Yingtai YA114.
The filler is powder with the particle size of 50nm, which is obtained by grinding allophane.
The solvent is petroleum ether.
The curing agent is tetraisopropyl titanate.
The preparation method of the modified polyester-imide paint comprises the following steps:
(1) Dissolving the polyester-imide resin in a solvent, adding a filler, continuously grinding for 4 hours by a sand mill after uniform dispersion, and obtaining polyester-imide slurry after finishing grinding;
(2) Dissolving the curing agent in the rest solvent, adding the polyester-imide slurry prepared in the step (1) after the dissolution is completed, and uniformly stirring to prepare the modified polyester-imide paint.
Example 4
The preparation method of the novel polyesterimide enameled wire is characterized in that the filler is modified sepiolite powder, and the preparation method is as follows:
(1) Adding 65% water into sepiolite powder with particle diameter of 50nm, mixing, pulping, adding sodium hexametaphosphate with mass of 4% sepiolite powder, oleamide with mass of 6% and KH550 with mass of 4%, stirring at high speed, emulsifying, and introducing CO while stirring 2 To a pH of 6.8;
(2) Vacuum dehydrating and drying the slurry obtained in the step (1), and coarsely grinding the solid obtained by drying by a sand mill until the particle size is less than 500nm to obtain modified sepiolite powder; the remainder was the same as in example 2.
Example 5
A preparation method of a novel polyesterimide enameled wire, wherein the curing agent is phenolic novolac resin, the mass ratio of tetrabutyl titanate to tetraisopropyl titanate is 4:2:1, and the rest is the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a polyesterimide enameled wire, wherein no filler is added, and the rest is the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a polyesterimide enameled wire adopts fumed silica with the particle size of 50nm as a filler, and the rest is the same as in example 2.
Comparative example 3
A preparation method of a polyesterimide enameled wire, modified sepiolite powder is not added with sodium hexametaphosphate, and the rest is the same as in example 4.
Comparative example 4
A preparation method of a polyesterimide enameled wire, modified sepiolite powder is not added with oleamide, and the rest is the same as in example 4.
Performance test:
the comparative example and the example adopt bare copper wires with the same batch and the diameter of 0.9mm, and after annealing at 550 ℃, the bare copper wires are used for producing enameled wires in the comparative example and the example, and the thickness of a paint film is unified to be 0.070mm.
1. Paint film performance test:
the above-described comparative examples and examples were individually film-formed, and then the following properties of the polyester-imide paint films produced in each of the examples and comparative examples were tested:
1. coefficient of dynamic friction: the test method is GB10006-88 plastic friction coefficient;
2. pencil hardness: the testing method is GB/T6739-2006, paint film hardness is measured by a colored paint and varnish pencil method;
2. and (3) testing the performance of the enameled wire:
according to GB/T6109.1-2008 enamelled round winding wire part 1: general provision, GB/T4074-2008 winding wire test method, tests scratch resistance, softening breakdown property and breakdown voltage of enamelled wires prepared by each example and comparative example, and tests flexibility and adhesive force of the enamelled wires by winding experiments and snap-off experiments:
the scratch resistance takes the minimum scratch force as an index, and the larger the minimum scratch force is, the better the scratch resistance is;
breakdown voltage to test breakdown voltage at room temperature, high temperature (180 ℃);
3. storage stability test of polyester imine paint
The polyester-imide paint prepared in example 4 and the polyester-imide paint prepared in comparative example 1, and the polyester-imide paint prepared in comparative example 1 added with 0.2 per mill hydroquinone, the longer the time interval is, the more stable the polyester-imide paint is compared with the time interval required for the viscosity to increase by 10% under 60 ℃.
TABLE 1
From the above table, the novel filler is utilized, and the prepared modified polyester imide paint has the characteristics of small friction coefficient, high surface hardness, good scratch resistance and excellent softening breakdown performance after being dried, and meanwhile, the breakdown voltage is greatly improved, so that the use safety and the application range of the prepared enameled wire can be improved; the modified sepiolite powder has the advantages of improving the adhesion effect of the modified polyester-imide paint film molecules and conductors, along with good lubricity, and the prepared modified polyester-imide paint film has small friction coefficient and the prepared enameled wire is smooth to wind and unwind.
The performance comparison trend also accords with other polyesterimide enameled wires with different paint film thicknesses.
TABLE 2
Sample preparation
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Time interval (day) required for viscosity increase of 10%
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Example 4 preparation of the Polyesterimine paint
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14
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Comparative example 1 Polyesterimine paint
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5
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Polyester imide paint prepared in comparative example 1 with hydroquinone added
|
13 |
From the above table, the modified sepiolite powder also has the effect of stabilizing the modified polyesterimide paint. Meanwhile, the polyester imide paint prepared in the comparative example 4 has no stabilizing effect through testing.
Finally: the foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.