CN113249665A - Forming method of aluminum alloy component - Google Patents
Forming method of aluminum alloy component Download PDFInfo
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- CN113249665A CN113249665A CN202110750393.8A CN202110750393A CN113249665A CN 113249665 A CN113249665 A CN 113249665A CN 202110750393 A CN202110750393 A CN 202110750393A CN 113249665 A CN113249665 A CN 113249665A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/22—Deep-drawing with devices for holding the edge of the blanks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种铝合金构件的成形方法，用以将铝合金原材料制作成铝合金构件，S100、对所述铝合金原材料进行固溶淬火；S200、将所述铝合金原材料拉延成形为所述铝合金构件；S300、对所述铝合金构件进行时效处理。本发明能够实现形变强化与时效强化的协同、且有效避免淬火变形，达到了高强、高精度成形的综合要求。
The invention provides a forming method of an aluminum alloy component, which is used to make an aluminum alloy raw material into an aluminum alloy component. S100 , solution quenching the aluminum alloy raw material; S200 , drawing the aluminum alloy raw material into a The aluminum alloy component; S300, performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy component. The invention can realize the synergy of deformation strengthening and aging strengthening, effectively avoid quenching deformation, and meet the comprehensive requirements of high-strength and high-precision forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy manufacturing, in particular to a forming method of an aluminum alloy component.
Background
The 2xxx series aluminum alloy (Al-Cu series alloy) is widely applied to complex thin-wall components such as aerospace vehicle skins, wall plates, storage tanks and the like due to higher strength, better corrosion resistance and excellent weldability. Because the cold deformation amount is larger (more than or equal to 30%) in the forming process, the components are drawn and formed by multiple passes at present, and annealing treatment is carried out among the passes so as to improve the forming capability. In this way, the strength of the aluminum alloy member is rapidly reduced due to the consumption of dislocations and solid solution elements, and the member such as a skin or a panel is required to be formed with high precision, and the strength of the finished aluminum alloy member is difficult to be increased by prohibiting the solid solution-quenching after the drawing forming in order to avoid the heat treatment deformation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a forming method of an aluminum alloy member, which realizes the cooperation of deformation strengthening and aging strengthening, effectively avoids quenching deformation and meets the comprehensive requirements of high-strength and high-precision forming.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member from an aluminum alloy starting material into an aluminum alloy structural member, comprising the steps of:
s100, carrying out solution quenching on the aluminum alloy raw material;
s200, drawing and forming the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy component;
s300, performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy member.
Preferably, step S100 includes the steps of:
s110, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material on a supporting component;
s120, placing the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component into a heating furnace, heating to 510-530 ℃, and then preserving heat for 30-60 minutes;
s130, taking the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component out of the heating furnace, and transferring the aluminum alloy raw material into room-temperature water for quenching;
and S140, detaching the aluminum alloy raw material from the supporting component.
Preferably, the heating furnace is a salt bath furnace, and the proportion of the molten salt in the salt bath furnace is KNO3:NaNO3=1:1。
Preferably, the heating furnace is an air furnace, a first soaking fan is arranged in the air furnace, and the step S120 includes: and starting the first soaking fan to control the temperature deviation in the air furnace within +/-3 ℃.
Preferably, in step S130, the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the support member is taken out of the heating furnace and turnedThe time for transferring the mixture into water at room temperature is t1And t1Less than or equal to 5 seconds.
Preferably, the interval between steps S100 and S200 is t2And t is2Less than or equal to 2 hours.
Preferably, step S200 includes the steps of:
s210, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material in a stretch-forming device;
s220, stretch-forming the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy component through the stretch-forming device;
s230, detaching the aluminum alloy member from the stretch-forming device.
Preferably, in step S220, the drawing speed of the aluminum alloy raw material by the drawing device is controlled so that the strain rate of the aluminum alloy raw material is 10-3/s ～10-2/s。
Preferably, step S300 includes:
s310, placing the aluminum alloy member into a drying oven for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the aging time is 4-20 hours;
s320, taking the aluminum alloy member out of the drying box.
Preferably, a second soaking fan is arranged in the drying box, and the step S310 includes: and starting the second soaking fan to control the temperature deviation in the drying box within +/-1 ℃.
The forming method of the aluminum alloy member of the present invention is a forming method of an aluminum alloy member by employing a forming apparatus comprising the steps of: s100, carrying out solution quenching on the aluminum alloy raw material, S200, drawing and forming the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy member, and S300, carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy member, so that the cooperation of deformation strengthening and aging strengthening is realized, the quenching deformation is effectively avoided, and the comprehensive requirements of high-strength and high-precision forming are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of forming an aluminum alloy article of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an aging curve of 2219 alloy sheet with an aging temperature of 150 ℃.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the mechanical properties of 2219 alloy after pre-stretching with different deformation amounts and aging at 170 ℃.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a process window for 2219 alloy pre-stretch +150 ℃ aging.
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a process window for 2219 alloy pre-stretch +150 ℃ aging.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the forming method of the aluminum alloy member of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member from an aluminum alloy raw material into an aluminum alloy structural member includes the steps of:
s100, carrying out solution quenching on an aluminum alloy raw material;
s200, drawing and forming an aluminum alloy raw material into an aluminum alloy member;
s300, performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy member.
By adopting the technical scheme, the synergy of deformation strengthening and aging strengthening can be realized, the quenching deformation is effectively avoided, and the comprehensive requirements of high-strength and high-precision forming are met. The aluminum alloy raw material can be an Al-Cu alloy sheet, and the Al-Cu alloy sheet is determined according to the design of a component and is reserved with a width of 20mm at the edge to be used as a cold drawing and edge pressing area.
Specifically, step S100 includes the steps of:
s110, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material on a supporting component;
s120, placing the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component into a heating furnace, heating to 510-530 ℃, and then preserving heat for 30-60 minutes;
s130, taking the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component out of the heating furnace, and transferring the aluminum alloy raw material into room-temperature water for quenching;
and S140, detaching the aluminum alloy raw material from the supporting part.
In practical applications, the supporting member may be a thin-walled porous base plate, and in step S110, an aluminum alloy raw material (e.g., an Al — Cu alloy sheet) may be fixed to the thin-walled porous base plate by a steel bead to be restrained so as to prevent quenching deformation. Further, the heating furnace is a salt bath furnace, and the proportion of the molten salt in the salt bath furnace is KNO3:NaNO3And (d) =1:1,. The heating furnace may also be an air furnace, and at this time, a first soaking fan is disposed in the air furnace, and the step S120 includes: and starting the first soaking fan to ensure the temperature of the furnace gas to be uniform. Specifically, in step S120, the heating temperature may be set in the alloy type, and the temperature deviation is controlled within ± 3 ℃ regardless of the type of the heating furnace used.
Preferably, in step S130, the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the support member is taken out of the heating furnace and transferred into room temperature water for a time t1And t1Less than or equal to 5 seconds.
Specifically, the interval time between steps S100 and S200 is t2And t is2Less than or equal to 2 hours. This avoids the effect of natural aging.
Further, step S200 includes the steps of:
s210, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material in a stretch-forming device;
s220, drawing and forming the aluminum alloy raw material into an aluminum alloy member through a drawing device;
and S230, detaching the aluminum alloy member from the stretching device.
In practice, the drawing device may be a steel die drawing system, and the aluminum alloy raw material (e.g., Al — Cu alloy sheet) is placed in the steel die drawing system and clamped around the blank holder in step S210. In step S220, the press may be started to push the steel die to move so as to stretch and form the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy member. Wherein the steel mould profile can be considered when the design and kick-backs, can carry out local profile fine setting through installing the gasket additional when necessary.
In step S220, the aluminum alloy material may be stretched by controlling the stretching speed of the stretching device to the aluminum alloy materialThe variable speed is 10-3/s～10-2/s。
Specifically, step S300 includes:
s310, placing the aluminum alloy member into a drying oven for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the aging time is 4-20 hours;
and S320, taking the aluminum alloy member out of the drying box.
Preferably, a second soaking fan is arranged in the drying box, and the step S310 includes: and starting a second soaking fan to enable the temperature of the drying box to be uniform, and further controlling the temperature deviation in the drying box within +/-1 ℃.
To verify the effectiveness of the invention, the inventors made the following tests on 2219 aluminum alloy at aging temperatures of 150 ℃ and 170 ℃ respectively:
firstly, the aging temperature is 150 DEG C
Carrying out solution quenching treatment on the Al-Cu alloy sheet; the sheet size as a raw material was 240mm × 240 mm. In the step S100, an Al-Cu alloy sheet is fixed on a thin-wall porous bottom plate through a steel pressing strip for constraint, solid solution treatment is carried out in a salt bath furnace, the proportion of molten salt is KNO3: NaNO3=1:1, the solid solution temperature is selected to be 530 +/-3 ℃, the salt bath furnace is preheated to the set temperature, then the sheet with the constraint is placed in the salt bath furnace, the furnace temperature is preserved for 30 minutes after reaching the set temperature again, after the preservation, the sheet and the constraint bottom plate are quickly transferred into cold water for quenching, the water temperature is 21 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is not more than 5 seconds. And removing the constraint of the pressing strip, and taking the thin plate from the bottom plate for later use.
In step S200, clamping the thin plate in a steel die drawing system, and pressing edges on the periphery for drawing and forming, wherein the width of each edge is 20mm, the molded surface of the male die is an oblate spherical crown, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the spherical crown is 195 mm; and starting a press machine to push the steel die to perform drawing forming, wherein the moving speed of the steel die is 2-3 mm/min, the drawing is stopped after the male die rises by 15mm, and then the component is unloaded and taken down.
In step S300, setting the aging temperature to be 150 +/-1 ℃, starting a second soaking fan to ensure that the temperature in the furnace is uniform and consistent, placing the cold-drawn forming tray into a drying box for aging treatment after the temperature of the drying box is stable, preserving the heat for 16 hours after the temperature is reached, and sampling at different times of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours respectively during the period to perform strength test.
The test shows that the tensile property test is carried out on small-sized samples in the areas with larger strain of the components in each aging state, and the result is shown in figure 2. It can be seen that the strength of the sampled samples in this region (about 10% strain) increased continuously with aging, and the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the members were 387.5MPa, 478.8MPa and 11.2% respectively, with good strength and plasticity, after aging for 16 hours.
Secondly, the aging temperature is 170 DEG C
Cutting 2219 alloy sheet, and performing solution quenching treatment to obtain sheet with dimensions of 80mm × 80mm × 3mm
In step S100, carrying out solution treatment in a salt bath furnace, wherein the mixture ratio of molten salt is KNO3: NaNO3=1:1, the solution temperature is selected to be 530 ℃ plus or minus 3 ℃, the salt bath furnace is preheated to the set temperature and then the sheet is placed, the furnace temperature is maintained for 30 minutes after reaching the set temperature again, and after the heat preservation is finished, the sheet is quickly transferred to cold water for quenching, and the water temperature is 21 ℃; the quench transfer time is less than 5 seconds.
In step S200, the 2219 alloy sheet is cut into 80mm × 10mm × 3mm strip-shaped samples for cold drawing, the samples are clamped on an Instron5569 electronic universal material testing machine for cold drawing, after clamping is completed, the testing machine is started for cold drawing, the drawing speed is 2mm/min, the drawing deformation amounts are respectively set to be 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, the deformation amount is controlled through the stroke of a chuck, drawing is stopped after the cold drawing deformation amount reaches a set value, and the samples are taken down.
In step S300, the cold-drawn sample is placed in a constant-temperature drying oven for aging treatment, the temperature is set to be 170 +/-1 ℃, a second soaking fan is started to ensure the temperature of the drying oven to be uniform and consistent, the drying oven is placed into a component for treatment after the temperature is stabilized, timing is started after the temperature of the sample is re-reached, the aging treatment lasts for 16 hours, and samples are taken at different times of 1 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours and 16 hours for strength testing.
The tensile properties of the samples were tested at different tensile levels and at various aging conditions, and the results are shown in FIG. 3. It can be seen that the time for the alloys in different deformation states to reach the peak aging is advanced along with the increase of the deformation, the peak aging time of the alloys in each state is from small striking to 12h, 8h, 4h and 3h according to the deformation, the corresponding yield strengths are 315MPa, 365MPa, 370MPa and 391MPa, and the corresponding tensile strengths are 437MPa, 462.5MPa, 460MPa and 461 MPa.
Based on the results of the process tests at ageing temperatures of 150 ℃ and 170 ℃, the boundaries of the process window are plotted on the pre-stretch versus ageing time diagram, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. Within this pre-stretching amount-aging time range, it is expected that a synergistic optimization of the shape and the structural properties of the member can be achieved. The process window defined in the way provides a basis for 2219 alloy cold-drawing deformation process design and performance control. According to the map, the strength of a certain 'tensile edge deformation + aging process' component can be conveniently determined, and therefore, the method is directly used for selecting 'deformation-process temperature-process time' in cold-drawing forming of the skin component.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for forming an aluminum alloy member, which is used for manufacturing an aluminum alloy member from an aluminum alloy material, characterized in that:
the method comprises the following steps:
s100, carrying out solution quenching on the aluminum alloy raw material;
s200, drawing and forming the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy component;
s300, performing aging treatment on the aluminum alloy member;
the step S100 includes the steps of:
s110, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material on a supporting component;
s120, placing the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component into a heating furnace, heating to 510-530 ℃, and then preserving heat for 30-60 minutes;
s130, taking the aluminum alloy raw material fixed on the supporting component out of the heating furnace, and transferring the aluminum alloy raw material into room-temperature water for quenching;
and S140, detaching the aluminum alloy raw material from the supporting component.
2. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the heating furnace is a salt bath furnace, and the proportion of the molten salt in the salt bath furnace is KNO3:NaNO3=1:1。
3. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the heating furnace is an air furnace, a first soaking fan is arranged in the air furnace, and the step S120 comprises the following steps: and starting the first soaking fan to control the temperature deviation in the air furnace within +/-3 ℃.
4. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S130, the aluminum alloy raw material fixed to the support member is taken out of the heating furnace and transferred to room temperature water for a time t1And t1Less than or equal to 5 seconds.
5. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the interval between steps S100 and S200 is t2And t is2Less than or equal to 2 hours.
6. The method of forming an aluminum alloy member according to claim 5, characterized in that:
the step S200 includes the steps of:
s210, fixing the aluminum alloy raw material in a stretch-forming device;
s220, stretch-forming the aluminum alloy raw material into the aluminum alloy component through the stretch-forming device;
s230, detaching the aluminum alloy member from the stretch-forming device.
7. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 6, characterized in that:
in step S220, the drawing speed of the aluminum alloy raw material by the drawing device is controlled so that the strain rate of the aluminum alloy raw material is 10-3/s～10-2/s。
8. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the step S300 includes:
s310, placing the aluminum alloy member into a drying oven for aging treatment, wherein the aging temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the aging time is 4-20 hours;
s320, taking the aluminum alloy member out of the drying box.
9. The method of forming an aluminum alloy structural member according to claim 8, characterized in that:
a second soaking fan is arranged in the drying box, and the step S310 includes: and starting the second soaking fan to control the temperature deviation in the drying box within +/-1 ℃.
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