CN113243241A - Method for improving quality of Dangshan pear - Google Patents
Method for improving quality of Dangshan pear Download PDFInfo
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- CN113243241A CN113243241A CN202110569344.4A CN202110569344A CN113243241A CN 113243241 A CN113243241 A CN 113243241A CN 202110569344 A CN202110569344 A CN 202110569344A CN 113243241 A CN113243241 A CN 113243241A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N55/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing organic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/12—Asteraceae or Compositae [Aster or Sunflower family], e.g. daisy, pyrethrum, artichoke, lettuce, sunflower, wormwood or tarragon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of Dangshan crisp pears, which is characterized in that a triazole pesticide is sprayed in the inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan crisp pears to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan crisp pears, and an aqueous solution of an extract of folium artemisiae argyi, namely the ragout rabout are applied to the formation positions of the calyx end abscission layers of the dangshan crisp pears. According to the method, triazole part of pesticide varieties are used for replacing paclobutrazol and pbo for the florescence of the Dangshan pear, the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear can be inhibited, the growth inhibition effect of the Dangshan pear can automatically disappear 15 days after the Dangshan pear flowers, the falling of the Dangshan pear sepals can be promoted, the output ratio of the Dangshan pear in the planting process of the Dangshan pear can be obviously increased, the appearance and the internal quality of the Dangshan pear can be improved, the commodity performance of the Dangshan pear can be obviously improved, the economic benefit of the Dangshan pear planting can be greatly increased, and the income of fruit growers can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the quality of Dangshan pears.
Background
China is the country with the largest pear cultivation area in the world, the Dangshan pear has a long cultivation history and is the first of the three traditional Chinese pears, the Dangshan pear is popular among the three traditional Chinese pears because the Dangshan pear has thin skin and sweet juice taste and has the functions of moistening the lung and relieving cough, and the Dangshan pear is crisp and tasty and can be instantly melt in the mouth, and has extremely high nutritional value and health care value, so the Dangshan pear is popular among consumers.
The fruit of Dangshan pear has two types, one is the pear for removing the calyx, and the other is the pear for holding the calyx. The fruit of the pear without calyx is flat and cylindrical, has few stone cells, small kernel, high sugar content and good taste. The fruit of the persistent calyx pear is spindle-shaped, has more stone cells, large fruit pits, low sugar content and poor taste. Based on the characteristics of two fruits of Dangshan crisp pears, a fruit purchaser specially selects and purchases the Dangshan crisp pears in real time, whereas the persistent calyx pears are rejected by the purchaser and consumers without asking for the attention, and according to the investigation, the persistent calyx fruits of the Dangshan crisp pears account for 38% of the fruit yield, so that the economic benefit of the Dangshan crisp pears is seriously affected.
Generally, the shedding of the normal young calyx of Dangshan pear starts from 10-15 days after flowers are filled to 20-25 days after the flowers are filled, the key period of young fruit differentiation is 10 days after the flowers are filled, a separation layer is formed at the time when the young fruit is degerming, the calyx begins to yellow and wither, and finally shed, and the persistent calyx does not form a separation layer and stays green. In order to promote the production of the fruit without the calyx, fruit growers mostly use a control promoter such as paclobutrazol or pbo (fruit tree control promoter) to inhibit the growth of new tips of the Dangshan crisp pears at present, although the proportion of the Dangshan crisp pears can be increased, the paclobutrazol and pbo seriously weaken the tree vigor of the Dangshan crisp pears, and the branches are slender, so that the fruit yield is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up for the defects of the prior art and provides a method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for improving the quality of the Dangshan pear is characterized in that a triazole pesticide is sprayed in the inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan pear to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear.
Preferably, the triazole pesticide is selected from any one of myclobutanil, diniconazole, flusilazole and tebuconazole.
More preferably, the triazole pesticide is any one selected from 8000 times of 40% flusilazole missible oil, 4000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent and 2000 times of 40% myclobutanil wettable powder.
Further, the method for improving the quality of the Dangshan pear comprises the step of smearing the aqueous solution of the folium artemisiae argyi and the ragweed extract on the position where the calyx end abscission layer of the young Dangshan pear is formed 5-10 days after the young Dangshan pear is bloomed.
Furthermore, the folium artemisiae argyi and ragweed extract is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into 15-20 times of 75% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-40 min, performing water bath at 30-40 deg.C for 12-24 hr, vacuum filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure until no solvent is contained to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi and herba Broussonetiae paste extract.
Preferably, the conditions of the reduced pressure concentration in the step 2 are controlled to be 35-45 ℃ and 80-100 r/min.
Preferably, the paste extract of the Chinese mugwort leaf and the Chinese mugwort leaf is diluted to 40-80mg/mL by water during smearing.
Further, dipping the aqueous solution of the extract of the ragweed with a fine brush, and uniformly coating the solution with a width of 0.5-1.0cm at a circle of the formation of the young fruit calyx terminal abscission layer.
The invention has the advantages that:
the method uses part of triazole pesticides to replace the florescence of Dangshan pear, can inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear, and simultaneously can inhibit the growth action of the Dangshan pear from automatically disappearing 15 days after the Dangshan pear falls into flowers, as the varieties of myclobutanil, diniconazole, flusilazole and tebuconazole in the triazole pesticides inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear, the tissue growth of a flower holder is inhibited in the flower sequence separation period of the Dangshan pear, auxin is generated in fruit parts due to the formation of seeds and is influenced to a certain extent, the growth is slow in a period, and the growth hormone is insufficient after the sepals are inhibited, so that the nutrition conditions of the sepals are deteriorated and dead and separated from the young fruit tissues, thereby the Dangshan pear falls off to form the calyx fruit, not only can prevent and control partial diseases of the Dangshan pear, but also can enable the fruit of the Dangshan pear to be used before the flower sequence separation period of the Dangshan pear, the purposes of preventing diseases and removing sepal are achieved.
On the basis, the invention also applies the aqueous solution of the extract of the Chinese mugwort leaf and the Chinese mugwort leaf on the formation part of the young fruit calyx abscissae layer of the crisp pear, wherein the abundant sesquiterpene lactone compounds contained in the extract can influence the composition of the assimilation products at the formation part of the abscission layer through allelopathy, so that the function of gibberellin inhibitor is realized, the content of sorbitol in the carbohydrate of the assimilation products of the crisp pear is reduced, sorbitol is an important influence factor of the key stage of the differentiation of the persistent calyx fruit and the degerming fruit, the formation of the abscission layer line at the lower part of the calyx cylinder is further promoted, and the function of promoting the generation of the degerming fruit is realized.
The method can promote the sepals of the Dangshan crisp pears to fall off, remarkably improve the output ratio of the Dangshan crisp pears in the planting process, improve the appearance and the internal quality of the Dangshan crisp pears, remarkably improve the commodity performance of the Dangshan crisp pears, greatly improve the economic benefit of pear planting and increase the income of fruit growers.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
A method for improving the quality of Dangshan crisp pears is characterized in that a 40% flusilazole missible oil is sprayed 8000 times in a inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan crisp pears to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan crisp pears, a mugwort leaf and ragweed paste extract is diluted into a solution of 60mg/mL by water 8 days after the flowers of the Dangshan crisp pears are bloomed, the solution is dipped by a fine brush, a circle is formed at the seperating layer of the sepal end of each young fruit, and the solution is uniformly coated in the width of 0.75 cm.
The folium artemisiae argyi and ragweed extract is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into a 75% ethanol solution with the mass being 18 times that of the powder, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, carrying out water bath at 35 ℃ for 18 hours, carrying out vacuum filtration, and carrying out vacuum concentration at 40 ℃ for 90r/min until no solvent exists, thus obtaining the paste extract of the folium artemisiae argyi and the ragweed.
Example 2
A method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear comprises the steps of spraying 4000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent in a inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan pear to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear, diluting a mugwort leaf and ragweed paste extract into a 40mg/mL solution in 5 days after the young fruits of the Dangshan pear are bloomed, dipping the solution in a fine brush, and uniformly coating the solution in a circle at the position where a sepal layer is formed at the sepal end of the young fruit with the width of 0.5 cm.
The folium artemisiae argyi and ragweed extract is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into a 75% ethanol solution 15 times the mass of the powder, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20 minutes, performing water bath at 30 ℃ for 24 hours, performing vacuum filtration, and performing vacuum concentration at 35 ℃ for 100r/min until no solvent exists, thereby obtaining the paste extract of the folium artemisiae argyi and the ragweed.
Example 3
A method for improving the quality of Dangshan crisp pears is characterized in that 2000 times of 40% myclobutanil wettable powder is sprayed in the inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan crisp pears to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan crisp pears, the paste extract of the folium artemisiae argyi and the rageenwort is diluted into a solution of 80mg/mL by water 10 days after the flowers of the young fruits of the Dangshan crisp pears are contained, the solution is dipped by a fine brush, a circle is formed at the seperating layer of the young calyx, and the solution is uniformly coated in the width of 1.0 cm.
The folium artemisiae argyi and ragweed extract is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into a 75% ethanol solution with the mass of 20 times, performing ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes, performing water bath at 40 ℃ for 12 hours, performing vacuum filtration, and performing vacuum concentration at 45 ℃ for 80r/min until no solvent exists, thereby obtaining the paste extract of the folium artemisiae argyi and the ragweed.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 1, paclobutrazol is adopted to replace triazole for spraying in the inflorescence separation period, and the paste extract aqueous solution of the mugwort leaf and the Chinese lobelia herb is not used for coating, and the specific steps are as follows:
according to the method for improving the quality of the Dangshan pear, paclobutrazol is sprayed in the florescence separation period of the Dangshan pear to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan pear.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, the coating is not sprayed by triazoles, and is not coated by the aqueous solution of the paste extract of the Chinese mugwort leaf and the Chinese mugwort grass.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, after young fruits are full of flowers, only the aqueous solution of the paste extract of the mugwort leaf and the ragweed is used for coating, and triazole is not used for spraying, and the specific steps are as follows:
a method for improving the quality of Dangshan crisp pears comprises the steps of diluting a mugwort leaf and ragweed paste extract into a solution of 60mg/mL by using water 8 days after flowers are contained in young fruits of Dangshan crisp pears, dipping the solution by using a fine brush, forming a circle of abscission layer at the calyx end of the young fruits, and uniformly coating the young fruits with the width of 0.75 cm.
The folium artemisiae argyi and ragweed extract is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into a 75% ethanol solution with the mass being 18 times that of the powder, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, carrying out water bath at 35 ℃ for 18 hours, carrying out vacuum filtration, and carrying out vacuum concentration at 40 ℃ for 90r/min until no solvent exists, thus obtaining the paste extract of the folium artemisiae argyi and the ragweed.
The methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested, the test site was a Dangshan gardening field, the pollinated variety was a "pear", the stock was a Du pear, the planting density was 3 m.times.5 m, the tree shape was a heart shape, the daily fertilizer and water management was consistent, the young fruit sepals and the appearance state of the fruit were observed 12 days after blooming, 15 days after blooming and after the fruit, and the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1
The sugar content of the fruit crisp pears obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 was tested, the fruit crisp pears obtained in each example were cut into 2g samples, ground by adding 10mL of double distilled water, water-washed at 80 ℃ for 15min, cooled, centrifuged at 10000r/min for 15min, re-extracted the residue by adding 8mL of double distilled water, combined supernatants, made to a constant volume of 25mL, filtered through a 0.45 μm filter membrane, and 20 μ L of the filtrate was taken and subjected to high performance liquid chromatography to determine the glucose and fructose contents, with the results shown in Table 2:
TABLE 2
| Glucose content (mg/g) | Fructose content (mg/g) | |
| Example 1 | 8.61 | 1.46 |
| Example 2 | 8.56 | 1.44 |
| Example 3 | 8.54 | 1.44 |
| Comparative example 1 | 7.91 | 1.39 |
| Comparative example 2 | 7.13 | 1.27 |
| Comparative example 3 | 7.75 | 1.35 |
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the triazole spraying and the mugwort leaf and Chinese wampee paste extract aqueous solution coating have the effect of improving the ratio of the pear without calyx, the combined action effect of the triazole spraying and the mugwort leaf and Chinese wampee paste extract aqueous solution coating is more obvious, the sugar content of the obtained pear is obviously improved, the edible taste of the pear is improved, the commercial performance of the crisp pear is improved, and the requirements of consumers can be met.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the quality of Dangshan crisp pears is characterized in that a triazole pesticide is sprayed in the inflorescence separation period of the Dangshan crisp pears to inhibit the growth of tender tissues of the Dangshan crisp pears.
2. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to claim 1, wherein the triazole pesticide is selected from any one of myclobutanil, diniconazole, flusilazole and tebuconazole.
3. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to claim 1, wherein the triazole pesticide is selected from any one of 8000 times of 40% flusilazole missible oil, 4000 times of 43% tebuconazole suspending agent and 2000 times of 40% myclobutanil wettable powder.
4. The method for improving the quality of the Dangshan pear according to claim 1, wherein the method further comprises the step of applying the aqueous solution of the folium artemisiae argyi-containing ragweed extract to the places where the calyx abscission layers of the young Dangshan pears are formed 5-10 days after the young Dangshan pears are bloomed.
5. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to claim 4, wherein the extract of the Chinese mugwort leaves and the Chinese wampee is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning fresh folium Artemisiae Argyi herba Lycopodii with clear water, drying in the shade in the ventilated shade, oven drying to constant weight, and pulverizing;
(2) adding the obtained powder into 15-20 times of 75% ethanol solution, performing ultrasonic treatment for 20-40 min, performing water bath at 30-40 deg.C for 12-24 hr, vacuum filtering, and concentrating under reduced pressure until no solvent is contained to obtain folium Artemisiae Argyi and herba Broussonetiae paste extract.
6. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to claim 5, wherein the conditions for concentration under reduced pressure in the step 2 are controlled to be 35-45 ℃ and 80-100 r/min.
7. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the paste extract of the mugwort leaves and the ragweed is diluted to a solution of 40 to 80mg/mL with water during the application.
8. The method for improving the quality of Dangshan pear according to claim 4, wherein the brush is used for dipping the aqueous solution of the extract of the Chinese mugwort leaf and the Brucella faberi, and the brush is uniformly coated on the positions where the end abscission layers of young fruit calyx are formed, and the width of the brush is 0.5-1.0 cm.
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