CN113237708A - Multi-channel air sampling device and method - Google Patents
Multi-channel air sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113237708A CN113237708A CN202110268771.9A CN202110268771A CN113237708A CN 113237708 A CN113237708 A CN 113237708A CN 202110268771 A CN202110268771 A CN 202110268771A CN 113237708 A CN113237708 A CN 113237708A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2273—Atmospheric sampling
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多通道空气采样装置及方法，包括：分流器、若干采样部件、控制模块和真空泵；所述分流器包括一个进气嘴和多个出气嘴，所述分流器的出气嘴的个数大于等于所述采样部件的个数；所述采样部件包括一个进气嘴和一个出气嘴；所述分流器的进气嘴通过进气管与外部空气相连接；所述分流器的一个出气嘴与一个所述采样部件的进气嘴相连接；所述采样部件的出气嘴与所述控制模块相连接，所述控制模块与所述真空泵相连接以控制指定采样部件进行采集或停止采集。本发明能够通过远程控制多次采集不同粒径范围的大气颗粒物样品或挥发性有机气体，满足无人机的采样需求。
The invention discloses a multi-channel air sampling device and method, comprising: a flow divider, several sampling components, a control module and a vacuum pump; the flow divider includes an air inlet nozzle and a plurality of air outlet nozzles, and the air outlet nozzle of the flow divider The number of the sampling parts is greater than or equal to the number of the sampling parts; the sampling parts include an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle; The air outlet nozzle is connected with the air inlet nozzle of one of the sampling parts; the air outlet nozzle of the sampling part is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the vacuum pump to control the designated sampling part to collect or stop the collection . The present invention can collect atmospheric particulate matter samples or volatile organic gases with different particle size ranges for multiple times through remote control, so as to meet the sampling requirements of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air sampling, in particular to a multi-channel air sampling device and method.
Background
The observation and research of the spatial distribution characteristics of the atmospheric pollutants in the boundary layer are relatively lacked due to the limitation of atmospheric environment monitoring means. The problem of monitoring blind area in the boundary layer has been solved in appearance of unmanned aerial vehicle atmospheric observation platform in recent years, can carry out three-dimensional stereo observation to the atmospheric boundary layer with unmanned aerial vehicle and microsensor combination. However, the research on the atmospheric pollutants by using the unmanned aerial vehicle at present mostly measures the concentration of the pollutants, and the samples cannot be collected for subsequent laboratory analysis. The research on the morphological characteristics and chemical compositions of the atmospheric particulates is less, and is mainly limited by sampling tools. Most of the existing particulate matter samplers have the defects of heavy mass, large volume, complicated sample disassembly and assembly and the like, and cannot collect particulate matters in different particle size ranges simultaneously. For trace volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, a common method is to collect the trace volatile organic compounds by using a special gas sampling tank or a sampling bag, and the volume or the weight is large. The conventional particulate matter sampler and the conventional gas sampler are not suitable for being carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle with short endurance time and small effective load, and the conventional sampler cannot meet the requirements of remote control and multiple sampling in the flight process of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a multichannel air sampling device and method, which can acquire atmospheric particulate samples or volatile organic gases with different particle size ranges for multiple times through remote control, so that the sampling requirement of an unmanned aerial vehicle is met.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, a multichannel air sampling device includes: the device comprises a flow divider, a plurality of sampling components, a control module and a vacuum pump; the flow divider comprises an air inlet nozzle and a plurality of air outlet nozzles, and the number of the air outlet nozzles of the flow divider is more than or equal to that of the sampling components; the sampling component comprises an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle; the air inlet nozzle of the flow divider is connected with external air through an air inlet pipe; an air outlet nozzle of the flow divider is connected with an air inlet nozzle of the sampling component; the air outlet nozzle of the sampling component is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the vacuum pump to control the specified sampling component to collect or stop collecting.
Preferably, the control module comprises a plurality of electromagnetic valves, a plurality of relays and a main control unit, and the number of the relays is one more than that of the electromagnetic valves; the inlet of one electromagnetic valve is connected with the air outlet nozzle of one sampling component, and the outlets of all the electromagnetic valves are connected with the air pumping port of the vacuum pump after being converged into one path through an adapter; the input end of each relay is respectively connected with one output interface of the main control unit, the output end of one relay is connected with the control end of the vacuum pump so as to control the vacuum pump to be powered on or powered off according to the instruction output by the main control unit, and the output ends of other relays are correspondingly connected with the control ends of the electromagnetic valves in a one-to-one manner so as to control the electromagnetic valves to be opened or closed according to the instruction output by the main control unit.
Preferably, the control module further comprises a communication unit; the control module is connected with the communication unit to communicate with an external terminal device through the communication unit.
Preferably, the communication unit includes the LORA wireless communication unit and an antenna.
Preferably, the sampling component comprises a particulate matter sampling head or a gas sampling tube.
Preferably, the particulate sampling head comprises a stepped impact sampling head.
Preferably, the shunt further comprises a cavity; the cavity is cylindrical; the air inlet nozzle of the flow divider is arranged at the center of one end of the cavity; and a plurality of air outlet nozzles of the flow divider are uniformly distributed at the other end of the cavity.
Preferably, each air outlet nozzle of the flow divider is connected with an air inlet nozzle of one sampling component through a first conductive silicone tube; the air outlet nozzle of each sampling component is connected with the inlet of one electromagnetic valve through a second silicone tube; and the outlet of each electromagnetic valve is connected with the air pumping port of the vacuum pump through a third silicone tube.
Preferably, the multichannel air sampling device further comprises: a GPS module; the GPS module is connected with the control module to acquire the acquired time and longitude and latitude information in real time.
In another aspect, a multi-channel air sampling method includes the multi-channel air sampling device, and the method includes:
the control module receives a first instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the gas circuit communication of the corresponding sampling component, and controls the gas circuits of other sampling components to be closed;
the control module receives a second instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the vacuum pump to be electrified, air enters the corresponding sampling component through the shunt, and the corresponding sampling component starts sampling;
after the preset time, the control module receives a second instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the vacuum pump to be powered off, and stops sampling by the corresponding sampling component; the control module receives a first instruction sent by the external terminal equipment and controls the gas circuit of the sampling component to be closed.
As can be seen from the above description of the present invention, compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) the device comprises a plurality of sampling components, and controls the designated sampling components to sample or stop sampling through the control module, so that the device can realize remote control and continuously and repeatedly collect atmospheric particulate matters and volatile organic compounds, and is suitable for carrying an unmanned aerial vehicle to sample;
(2) the diverter can convert one gas path into multiple gas paths, reduces the number of conductive silicone tubes required during gas inlet, can reduce the weight of the sampling device on one hand, and can improve the stability of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the sampling process when the sampling device is carried on the unmanned aerial vehicle on the other hand;
(3) the flow divider comprises a plurality of output channels, each channel can be connected with a graded impact type particle sampling head, and particle samples in different particle size ranges can be collected for multiple times; when volatile organic gas needs to be collected, the particle sampling head is replaced by a gas sampling pipe, so that alternate sampling of particles and volatile organic compounds can be realized, the operation is convenient, and the application is wide;
(4) the communication unit of the invention adopts the LORA wireless communication unit with high reliability and long-distance transmission, can send instructions through external terminal equipment such as a computer, utilizes the LORA wireless communication unit to carry out transmission, and combines a relay to control the on-off of each channel gas path so as to realize the remote control sampling of the acquisition device;
(5) the sampling device provided by the invention has relatively small mass and volume, is convenient to carry, is simple to operate, is suitable to be carried on an unmanned aerial vehicle for sampling, and the carried unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for collecting atmospheric particulate matters or volatile organic gases at different heights or at different positions of the same height through one-time flight.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the description of the technical means more comprehensible.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multi-channel air sampling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the flow diverter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a multi-channel air sampling method of the present invention;
wherein, 1, an air inlet pipe; 2. a flow divider; 3. a particulate matter sampling head; 4. an electromagnetic valve; 5. a vacuum pump; 6. a joint; 7. a relay; 8. a serial port interface; 9. a GPS module; 10. a single chip microcomputer; 11. a communication unit; 12. an antenna; 13. a circuit control board; 14. a power supply; 15. an air inlet nozzle; 16. a cavity; 17. an air outlet nozzle.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a multichannel air sampling device includes: the device comprises a flow divider 2, a plurality of sampling components, a control module and a vacuum pump 5; the flow divider 2 comprises an air inlet nozzle 15 and a plurality of air outlet nozzles 17, and the number of the air outlet nozzles of the flow divider 2 is more than or equal to that of the sampling components; the sampling component comprises an air inlet nozzle and an air outlet nozzle; the air inlet nozzle of the flow divider 2 is connected with the outside air through an air inlet pipe 1; an air outlet nozzle of the flow divider 2 is connected with an air inlet nozzle of the sampling component; the air outlet nozzle of the sampling component is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the vacuum pump 5 to control the specified sampling component to collect or stop collecting.
In this embodiment, the control module includes a plurality of electromagnetic valves 4, a plurality of relays 7 and a main control unit, and the number of the relays 7 is one more than that of the electromagnetic valves 4; the inlet of one electromagnetic valve 4 is connected with the air outlet nozzle of one sampling component, and the outlets of all the electromagnetic valves 4 are converged into one path through an adapter and then connected with the air pumping port of the vacuum pump 5; the input end of each relay 7 is respectively connected with one output interface of the main control unit, the output end of one relay 7 is connected with the control end of the vacuum pump 5 so as to control the vacuum pump 5 to be powered on or powered off according to the instruction output by the main control unit, and the output ends of other relays 7 are correspondingly connected with the control ends of the electromagnetic valves 4 one by one so as to control the valves of the electromagnetic valves 4 to be opened or closed according to the instruction output by the main control unit.
The control module further comprises a communication unit 11; the control module is connected with the communication unit 11 to communicate with an external terminal device through the communication unit 11.
Specifically, the communication unit 11 includes the LORA wireless communication unit 11 and an antenna 12.
Further, the sampling component comprises a particle sampling head 3 or a gas sampling pipe.
Specifically, the present embodiment will be described in detail by taking the flow divider 2 including four air outlet nozzles as an example.
The flow divider 2 is designed independently, the main body is cylindrical, the center of the top of the cylinder is provided with an air inlet nozzle 15, the inside of the cylinder is provided with a cavity 16, the center of the bottom of the cylinder is provided with four air outlet nozzles 17 which are distributed in a central symmetry manner, and one air path can be divided into four air paths. And the four air outlet nozzles of the shunt 2 are respectively connected with the air inlet nozzles of the four particulate matter sampling heads 3 through first conductive silicone tubes. In particular, the flow divider 2 can be made of aluminum material. The aluminium material quality is lighter and intensity is higher, consequently can make whole device quality lighter, is suitable for to carry on and gather on unmanned aerial vehicle.
It should be noted that, when the volatile organic gas is collected, the particle sampling head 3 can be directly replaced with a gas sampling pipe.
In this embodiment, the particle sampling head 3 is a Sioutas classification impact type sampling head of SKC corporation in usa, and particles with different particle size ranges can be separately collected by one-time sampling. The impact type sampling head is divided into A, B, C, D four stages, and the cutting particle size (the particle size of the particles when the collection efficiency is 50%) is 2.5 μm, 1.0 μm, 0.50 μm and 0.25 μm respectively under the condition that the gas flow is 9L/min.
And the air outlet nozzles of the four impact sampling heads are respectively connected with the inlets of the four electromagnetic valves 4 through second conductive silicone tubes. The four paths of air flows at the outlets of the four electromagnetic valves 4 are converged into one path by using a four-path-to-one-path adapter and then are connected to the air suction port of the micro vacuum pump 5 through a silicone tube. The micro vacuum pump 5 is provided with a flow adjusting knob, and the flow can be adjusted according to the requirement.
From the above, the control module of the sampling device of the present invention is composed of three parts, including a wireless transmission part, a signal receiving and processing part, and a sampling channel control part. The wireless transmission section is constituted by a communication unit 11 and an antenna 12, and the communication unit 11 employs a LORA wireless communication unit 11 having high reliability and high control efficiency. An external terminal device such as a computer is connected with the singlechip 10 of the signal receiving and processing part through the wireless transmission part. In the operation process, the instruction sent by the computer is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 10 for processing through the two LORA wireless communication units 11 (one in the computer and one in the sampling device). The main body of the signal receiving and processing part adopts STM32 series single-chip microcomputer. The single chip receives the instruction transmitted by the LORA wireless communication unit 11. The main body of the sampling channel control part is a relay 7 and an electromagnetic valve 4, and the electromagnetic valve 4 is electrically connected with the relay 7 through a connector 6; there are five relays 7, four of the relays 7 correspond to the four electromagnetic valves 4, and the fifth relay 7 is connected with the micro vacuum pump 5. The singlechip controls the on-off of each sampling head (sampling channel) gas circuit and the power supply of the micro vacuum pump 5 by controlling the switch of the relay 7, thereby realizing remote control sampling. The LORA wireless communication unit 11, the single chip microcomputer 10 and the relay 7 are integrated on a circuit control board 13, and meanwhile, a serial port interface 8 is arranged on the circuit control board 13 and connected with the GPS module 9. The GPS module 9 can acquire the current sampling time and longitude and latitude information in real time. Further, the circuit control board 13 is connected to a power supply 14, and the power supply 14 includes a battery or a dc power supply.
Specifically, the sampling process of the multichannel air sampling device of the present embodiment includes: the computer is used for sending a command '1', so that the relay 7 connected with the corresponding fixed port is attracted, namely, the air passages of the particulate matter sampling heads 3 connected with the electromagnetic valve 4 are communicated, and the air passages of other particulate matter sampling heads 3 are in a closed state. And then, sending a command '5', sucking a relay 7 connected with the micro vacuum pump 5, electrifying the micro vacuum pump 5, and starting sampling by the particle sampling head 3. The air flows out from the air outlet nozzle of the flow divider 2 through the air inlet pipe 1, the air inlet nozzle of the flow divider 2 and the inner cavity of the flow divider 2 in sequence, and enters the particulate matter sampling head 3 through the first conductive silicone tube. The particles with different particle sizes in the air are collected by the particle sampling head 3 according to the particle size in a grading way due to different inertia. After a certain time of collection, the computer sends a command '5' again, so that the corresponding relay 7 connected with the micro vacuum pump 5 is released, the micro vacuum pump 5 is powered off, and the sampling of the particulate matter sampling head 3 is stopped. The computer sends the instruction '1' again, the relay 7 corresponding to the instruction is released, the electromagnetic valve 4 corresponding to the particle sampling head 3 is disconnected with the power supply, the gas circuit of the particle sampling head 3 is closed, and one-time sampling is completed. Correspondingly, when sampling is required to be performed through other particle sampling heads 3 (such as flying to different heights or longitudes and latitudes), the other 3 channels can be controlled to perform sampling only by sending a preset instruction according to the method.
It should be noted that the above instructions such as "1" and "5" can be adjusted as needed.
Referring to fig. 3, in another aspect, a multichannel air sampling method includes the multichannel air sampling device, and the method includes:
s301, the control module receives a first instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the gas circuit of the corresponding sampling component to be communicated, and controls the gas circuits of other sampling components to be closed;
s302, the control module receives a second instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the vacuum pump to be electrified, air enters the corresponding sampling component through the shunt, and the corresponding sampling component starts sampling;
s303, after the preset time, the control module receives a second instruction sent by external terminal equipment, controls the vacuum pump to be powered off, and stops sampling by the corresponding sampling component; the control module receives a first instruction sent by the external terminal equipment and controls the gas circuit of the sampling component to be closed.
The specific implementation of the multichannel air sampling method refers to the multichannel air sampling device, and the description of the embodiment is not repeated.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (10)
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Cited By (3)
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| CN114112561A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-03-01 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Sampling device and method for near space and application thereof |
| CN114354287A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-15 | 上海福轩环保科技有限公司 | Remote Controlled Atmospheric Sampling Device |
| CN115773908A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-10 | 华南师范大学 | Multi-tube continuous sampler, method and device for volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds |
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