CN113217148A - 一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法及系统 - Google Patents
一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法及系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,涉及发动机后处理技术领域,解决现有后处理方式难以实现超低排放的技术问题,所述方法包括:采用TWC催化器+SCR催化器+ASC催化器的排放控制方式;以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;对TWC催化器处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使经过SCR催化器处理后的NOx排放达到法规限值。本发明还公开了一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统。本发明先以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使TWC催化器对HC和CO进行高效转化;再对TWC催化器处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使经过SCR催化器对NOx进行高效转化,实现超低排放,满足法规限值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发动机后处理技术领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法及系统。
背景技术
为满足重型商用车及发动机国六排放法规(GB17691-2018)要求(排放限值要求NOx控制≤0.46g/kWh,CH4≤0.5g/kWh,NMHC≤0.16g/kWh,NH3≤10ppm),目前天然气发动机普遍采用当量+EGR+TWC+ASC的燃烧技术路线。首先发动机通过机内控制技术如发动机本体设计、燃烧优化和外部冷却EGR策略将原排NOx、NMHC、CH4和CO控制到一定水平,然后再结合机外净化的方式(TWC+ASC)将发动机总体排放控制在国6排放法规限值之内。
当前的技术方案三元催化器(TWC)对空燃比控制精度要求较高(如图1所示):NOx与CO和HC的最高效转化窗口存在一定的差异,排气浓度偏稀或偏浓都无法使NOx、CO和HC的转化效率同时达到最高,使用当前方案受空燃比窗口的限制,较难以实现超低排放控制,导致发动机整体排放相对国六排放限值裕度不大,满足下一阶段排放法规存在很大技术挑战,特别是催化器的耐久性难以得到保证。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的上述不足,本发明的目的一是提供一种可以实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法。
本发明的目的二是提供一种可以实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统。
为了实现上述目的一,本发明提供一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,包括:
采用TWC催化器+SCR催化器+ASC催化器的排放控制方式;
以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
对TWC催化器处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使经过SCR催化器处理后的NOx排放达到法规限值。
作为进一步地改进,通过文丘里空气引射方式从大气环境中吸取空气来增加TWC催化器处理后的尾气的氧浓度。
进一步地,当从大气环境中吸取空气不足以满足氧浓度需求时,通过压缩空气来增加氧浓度。
为了实现上述目的二,本发明提供一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,包括发动机,所述发动机的排气管依次连接有TWC催化器、补气机构、SCR催化器、ASC催化器,所述SCR催化器的输入端设有氧传感器,所述发动机的ECU分别电性连接所述补气机构、氧传感器;
所述发动机以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
所述补气机构根据氧传感器的检测值来控制空气补充量来增加尾气的氧浓度。
作为进一步地改进,所述补气机构包括文丘里管,所述文丘里管的出口侧设有补气管。
进一步地,所述补气管通过三通接头分别连接有第一分管、第二分管,所述第一分管连通大气环境,所述第一分管上设有第一控制阀,所述第二分管连接有压缩空气源,所述第二分管上设有第二控制阀,所述ECU分别电性连接所述第一控制阀、第二控制阀。
进一步地,所述压缩空气源为增压泵或压缩气罐。
进一步地,所述发动机与TWC催化器之间的排气管设有涡轮增压器,所述压缩空气源为所述涡轮增压器。
进一步地,所述补气管设有空气过滤器。
进一步地,所述补气管设有单向阀。
有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比,具有的优点为:
本发明先以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使空燃比控制处于HC和CO的高效转化窗口,从而使TWC催化器对HC和CO进行高效转化,实现HC和CO超低排放;再对TWC催化器处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使SCR催化器对NOx进行高效转化,实现NOx超低排放,满足法规限值。
附图说明
图1为TWC后处理反应原理图;
图2为本发明的结构示意图;
图3为本发明中补气机构的结构示意图。
其中:1-发动机、2-排气管、3-TWC催化器、4-补气机构、5-SCR催化器、6-ASC催化器、7-氧传感器、8-文丘里管、9-补气管、10-第一分管、11-第二分管、12-第一控制阀、13-压缩空气源、14-第二控制阀、15-涡轮增压器、16-空气过滤器、17-单向阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图中的具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
参阅图2、3,一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,包括:
采用TWC催化器3+SCR催化器5+ASC催化器6的排放控制方式;
以TWC催化器3中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使空燃比控制处于HC和CO的高效转化窗口,从而使TWC催化器对HC和CO进行高效转化,实现HC和CO超低排放,使经过TWC催化器3处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
对TWC催化器3处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使SCR催化器对NOx进行高效转化,实现NOx超低排放,使经过SCR催化器5处理后的NOx排放达到法规限值。尾气继续经过ASC,SCR中未参与反应的NH3与O2反应,将NH3排放净化至较低水平,从而实现超低排放。
在本实施例中,通过文丘里空气引射方式从大气环境中吸取空气来增加TWC催化器3处理后的尾气的氧浓度。当从大气环境中吸取空气不足以满足氧浓度需求时,通过压缩空气来增加氧浓度。
一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,包括发动机1,发动机1的排气管2依次连接有TWC催化器3、补气机构4、SCR催化器5、ASC催化器6,SCR催化器5的输入端设有氧传感器7,发动机1的ECU分别电性连接补气机构4、氧传感器7;
发动机1以TWC催化器3中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器3处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
补气机构4根据氧传感器7的检测值来控制空气补充量来增加尾气的氧浓度。
补气机构4包括文丘里管8,文丘里管8的出口侧设有补气管9,补气管9通过三通接头分别连接有第一分管10、第二分管11,第一分管10连通大气环境,第一分管10上设有第一控制阀12,第二分管11连接有压缩空气源13,第二分管11上设有第二控制阀14,ECU分别电性连接第一控制阀12、第二控制阀14。通过实测氧浓度与目标氧浓度来实时调控第一控制阀12、第二控制阀14的开度,使尾气中氧浓度充分满足系统的需求,保证系统实现超低排放。
在一个实施例中,压缩空气源13为增压泵或压缩气罐。
在一个实施例中,发动机1与TWC催化器3之间的排气管2设有涡轮增压器15,压缩空气源13为涡轮增压器15。
补气管9设有空气过滤器16,可以保证空气的洁净度。补气管9设有单向阀17,防止尾气泄漏。
本发明先以TWC催化器中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使空燃比控制处于HC和CO的高效转化窗口,从而使TWC催化器对HC和CO进行高效转化,实现HC和CO超低排放;再对TWC催化器处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使SCR催化器对NOx进行高效转化,实现NOx超低排放,满足法规限值。
相传统技术方案,本提案增加了SCR系统,排放通过缸内和后处理协同控制,控制更加灵活,降低了对发动机空燃比控制精度的要求,可以提高天然气发动机气体污染物排放裕度,从而提高整车排放耐久里程。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。
Claims (10)
1.一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,其特征在于,包括:
采用TWC催化器(3)+SCR催化器(5)+ASC催化器(6)的排放控制方式;
以TWC催化器(3)中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器(3)处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
对TWC催化器(3)处理后的尾气增加氧浓度,使经过SCR催化器(5)处理后的NOx排放达到法规限值。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,其特征在于,通过文丘里空气引射方式从大气环境中吸取空气来增加TWC催化器(3)处理后的尾气的氧浓度。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的方法,其特征在于,当从大气环境中吸取空气不足以满足氧浓度需求时,通过压缩空气来增加氧浓度。
4.一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,包括发动机(1),其特征在于,所述发动机(1)的排气管(2)依次连接有TWC催化器(3)、补气机构(4)、SCR催化器(5)、ASC催化器(6),所述SCR催化器(5)的输入端设有氧传感器(7),所述发动机(1)的ECU分别电性连接所述补气机构(4)、氧传感器(7);
所述发动机(1)以TWC催化器(3)中HC和CO的转化效率为目标来控制缸内空燃比,使经过TWC催化器(3)处理后的HC和CO排放达到法规限值;
所述补气机构(4)根据氧传感器(7)的检测值来控制空气补充量来增加尾气的氧浓度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述补气机构(4)包括文丘里管(8),所述文丘里管(8)的出口侧设有补气管(9)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述补气管(9)通过三通接头分别连接有第一分管(10)、第二分管(11),所述第一分管(10)连通大气环境,所述第一分管(10)上设有第一控制阀(12),所述第二分管(11)连接有压缩空气源(13),所述第二分管(11)上设有第二控制阀(14),所述ECU分别电性连接所述第一控制阀(12)、第二控制阀(14)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述压缩空气源(13)为增压泵或压缩气罐。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述发动机(1)与TWC催化器(3)之间的排气管(2)设有涡轮增压器(15),所述压缩空气源(13)为所述涡轮增压器(15)。
9.根据权利要求5所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述补气管(9)设有空气过滤器(16)。
10.根据权利要求5所述的一种实现天然气发动机超低排放的系统,其特征在于,所述补气管(9)设有单向阀(17)。
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