CN113212178B - Superconducting magnet low-temperature system for high-temperature superconducting maglev train - Google Patents

Abstract

A superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains, adopting an eccentric structure, including an inner Dewar (2), a cold screen (5), an outer Dewar (6), a main support column (3) and an auxiliary support The column (4); the cold screen (5) is set on the outside of the inner Duva (2), and there is a gap between the outer side wall of the inner Duva (2) and the inner side wall of the cold screen (5); the outer Dewar (6) Set on the outside of the cold screen (5), there is a gap between the outer wall of the cold screen (5) and the inner wall of the outer Dewar (6); the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4) are installed inside Between the Dewar (2) and the Outer Dewar (6), it is located on the outside of the Inner Dewar (2) and the inner side of the Outer Dewar (6). The main support column (3) is installed at the center of the superconducting coil, and the auxiliary support column (4) is installed around the superconducting coil. One end of the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4) are connected to the inner Dewar (2), and the other One end is connected to the outer Dewar (6), which is used to limit the vibration of the inner Dewar, the cold screen and the outer Dewar.

Description

Superconducting magnet cryogenic system for HTS maglev train

technical field

The invention relates to a superconducting magnet cryogenic system.

Background technique

Superconducting magnets are used in maglev trains because of their strong magnetic field, minimal loss, and continuous and stable current. High-temperature superconducting maglev trains made of high-temperature superconducting magnets have the advantages of high speed, light vehicles, and large suspension gaps. However, the existing low-temperature superconducting magnet cryogenic cooling devices for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains have problems such as poor overload resistance, high heat leakage, and uncompact structure, which seriously limit the popularization and application of high-speed maglev trains.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the deficiencies of the existing superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains in terms of overload resistance, structural design, and heat leakage, the present invention proposes a superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains. The invention can meet the requirement of high mechanical strength during the high-speed running of the train, and can reduce the heat leakage of the system while simplifying the structure of the low-temperature system, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the superconducting magnet.

The superconducting magnet cryogenic system used in the high-temperature superconducting maglev train of the present invention comprises an inner Dewar, a cold screen, an outer Dewar, a main supporting column and an auxiliary supporting column. The cold screen is set on the outside of the inner Dewar, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the inner Dewar and the inner wall of the cold screen; the outer Dewar is set on the outside of the cold screen, so There is a gap between the outer side wall of the cold screen and the inner side wall of the outer Dewar; the main support column is installed at the center of the front side wall of the inner Dewar, and the four auxiliary support columns are respectively installed on the inner side wall of the inner Dewar. The four corners of the front side wall of the inner Dewar; the main support column and the auxiliary support column are located between the inner Dewar and the outer Dewar, one end is connected to the inner Dewar, and the other end is connected to the inner Dewar. The Outer Dewar.

A superconducting coil is installed in the internal dewar and is injected with a cooling medium. The superconducting coil is soaked in the cooling medium, and the working temperature is 4.2-30K.

Further, the inner Duva is made of stainless steel.

Further, a connecting beam is provided inside the superconducting coil, and the two ends of the connecting beam are connected to the inner side of the superconducting coil respectively. On the connecting beam, a first installation groove is provided on the outer wall facing the side of the main support column, and the first installation groove is located at the center of the connecting beam; on the inner Dewar, facing the auxiliary Four second installation grooves are arranged on the outer wall of one side of the support column, and the four second installation grooves are respectively located at the four corners of the inner Dewar.

Further, the cold shield is set on the outside of the inner Duwar, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the inner Duwar and the inner wall of the cold shield; the cold shield is an eccentric structure, and a main support is installed The distance between the inner wall of the cold screen on the side of the column and the outer wall of the inner Dewar is relatively large.

Further, the cold screen is made of aluminum alloy.

Further, the surface of the cold screen is covered with a cooling pipe, and a cooling medium passes through the cooling pipe for cooling the cold screen, and the working temperature of the cold screen is 77-100K.

Further, the cold shield is respectively provided with a first installation through hole corresponding to the position of the first installation groove, and a second installation through hole corresponding to the position of the second installation groove. The first installation through hole is located at the center of the cold screen, the second installation through hole is distributed at the four corners of the cold screen, and the first installation through hole and the second installation through hole are only provided with the main support column and one side of the auxiliary support column.

Further, the outer Dewar is set on the outside of the cold shield, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the cold shield and the inner wall of the outer Dewar; the outer Dewar is an eccentric structure, and a main The distance between the inner wall of the outer Dewar on one side of the support column and the outer wall of the cold screen is relatively large.

Further, the outer Dewar is made of stainless steel.

Further, a third installation groove corresponding to the position of the first installation groove, and a third installation groove corresponding to the position of the second installation groove are respectively provided on the inner side wall of the outer Dewar facing the side of the main support column. The fourth installation slot. The third installation groove is located at the center of the outer Dewar, the fourth installation groove is distributed at the four corners of the outer Dewar, and the third installation groove and the fourth installation groove are only set One side with the main supporting column and the auxiliary supporting column is arranged.

Further, the main support column is installed at the center of the outer wall of the connecting beam, one end of the main support column is connected to the inner Dewar, and the other end is connected to the outer Dewar; the main support column passes through the The first installation groove and the third installation groove are fixed, passing through the first installation through hole.

Further, the main supporting column adopts a biconical structure, and the apexes of the two cones face each other and are placed horizontally to form a biconical support. The bottom of the cone is the first metal fixing part, which is arranged at the two ends of the double cone support.

Further, the double-cone support is an integrated structure, the two cone angles of the double-cone support are 35°-55°, and the middle part of the double-cone support is transitioned by a circular arc; the two ends of the double-cone support structure, that is, the two cones The radii of the bottom surface of the body are not equal, the radius of the bottom surface of the cone connected to the inner Dewar side is larger, and the radius of the bottom surface of the cone connected to the outer Dewar side is smaller; the double-cone support structure is made of titanium alloy material .

Further, the double-cone support is a hollow structure, the wall at the middle of the double-cone support is thicker, and the walls at both ends are thinner.

Further, the auxiliary support column and the main support column are located on the same side of the superconducting coil, and are installed around the outer wall of the inner Dewar; one end of the auxiliary support column is connected to the inner Dewar, The other end is connected to the outer Dewar; the auxiliary support column is fixed through the second installation groove and the fourth installation groove, and passes through the second installation through hole.

Further, the auxiliary support column adopts a cylindrical structure, and there are second metal fixing parts at both ends of the auxiliary support column, and the middle part of the auxiliary support column is supported by a cylinder.

Further, the cylinder support is made of non-metallic material.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The superconducting magnet cryogenic cooling system of the present invention does not need a refrigerator for cooling, so the whole cryogenic system has simple structure, small volume and light weight.

(2) The low-temperature cooling system of the superconducting magnet of the present invention adopts the double-cone main support column, which ensures the stability of the system structure on the one hand, and transmits the levitation force, propulsion force and guiding force suffered by the superconducting coil to the The bogie of the maglev train not only improves the high overload resistance of the device, but also reduces part of the heat leakage.

Description of drawings

The side sectional view of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a supporting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

The structural representation of the inner Dewar of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the main support column of the embodiment of the present invention;

The side sectional view of the bicone support structure of the main support column of the embodiment of the present invention of Fig. 5;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the main support column of the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the auxiliary support column of the embodiment of the present invention;

In the figure: 1 superconducting coil, 2 inner dewar, 3 main support column, 4 auxiliary support column, 5 cold shield, 6 outer dewar, 7 connecting beam, 8 first installation slot, 9 second installation slot, 301 pairs Cone support, 302 the first metal fixture, 303 the first limit ring, 401 cylindrical support, 402 the second metal fixture, 403 the second limit ring.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a side sectional view of an embodiment of a superconducting magnet cryogenic system for a high-temperature superconducting maglev train according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the superconducting magnet cryogenic system of the present invention includes an inner Dewar 2 , a cold shield 5 , an outer Dewar 6 , a main support column 3 and an auxiliary support column 4 . The cold shield 5 is set on the outside of the inner Dewar 2, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the inner Dewar 2 and the inner wall of the cold shield 5; the outer Dewar 6 is set on the outside of the cold shield 5, and the outer wall of the cold shield 5 is There is a gap between the inner side walls of the outer Dewar 6; the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 are installed between the inner Dewar 2 and the outer Dewar 6, located on the outer side of the inner Dewar 2 and the inner side of the outer Dewar 6 .

The superconducting magnet cryogenic system of the present invention is an eccentric structure, and the gaps between the inner Dewar 2 and the cold screen 5 and the cold screen 5 and the outer Dewar 6 on the side where the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 are installed are relatively large. The gap between the inner Dewar 2 and the cold screen 5 on the side where the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 are not installed, and the gap between the cold screen 5 and the outer Dewar 6 are relatively small. During the actual operation of the high-speed maglev train, high-temperature superconducting magnets are installed on both sides of the bottom of the train, and grounding coils are installed on the tracks on both sides of the train. The grounding coil interacts with the magnetic field generated by the superconducting coil 1 to realize the magnetic levitation train. suspension. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system of the present invention adopts an eccentric structure, which can reduce the distance between the superconducting coil 1 and the grounding coil, thereby increasing the suspension force generated by the superconducting coil 1 . In the specific implementation process, the side of the low-temperature system with a smaller gap faces the grounding coil on the track, and the side with a larger gap is directly connected to the bogie of the maglev train.

As shown in Figure 2, the main support column 3 and four auxiliary support columns 4 are installed on the outer wall of the front side of the inner Dewar 2, the main support column 3 is installed at the center of the inner Dewar 2, and the four auxiliary support columns 4 They are respectively installed at the four corners of Induva 2. When the train is running at high speed, the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 work together to prevent the inner Dewar 2, the cold screen 5 and the outer Dewar 6 from vibrating.

As shown in FIG. 3 , at least one superconducting coil 1 is installed in the interior Duva 2 , and the interior Duva 2 is filled with liquid helium or liquid nitrogen for cooling the superconducting coil 1 . The superconducting coil 1 is soaked in the cooling medium, and the working temperature is 4.2-30K. The inner Duva 2 includes at least one connecting beam 7 located at the center of the superconducting coil 1 , and the two ends of the connecting beam 7 are connected to the inside of the superconducting coil 1 . In order to reduce heat leakage, the connecting beam 7 is a hollow structure. A first mounting groove 8 is provided at the center of the connecting beam 7 for mounting the main support column 3 . Four second installation grooves 9 are provided at the four corners of the inner Duva 2 for installing the auxiliary supporting columns 4 . The first mounting groove 8 and the second mounting groove 9 are located on the outer wall of the front side of the inner Dewar 2 .

The cold shield 5 is set on the outside of the inner Duva 2, and there is a gap between the outer wall of the inner Duva 2 and the inner wall of the cold shield 5. The cold shield 5 is used to limit the radiation heat leakage and conduction heat leakage of the whole system, so as to ensure the working temperature of the superconducting coil.

Cooling tubes are installed on the surface of the cold screen 5, and helium vapor or liquid nitrogen is passed through the tubes to cool the cold screen 5 and the first stop ring 303 installed on the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4. The second limiting ring 403. The cold shield 5 is respectively provided with a first installation through hole corresponding to the position of the first installation groove 8 and a second installation through hole corresponding to the position of the second installation groove 9, and the first installation through hole is located in the center of the cold shield 5 position, the second installation through holes are distributed at the four corners of the cold screen, and the first installation through holes and the second installation through holes are used to install the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 respectively. Likewise, installation through holes are provided on the front side of the cold shield 5 .

The outer Dewar 6 is set on the outside of the cold screen 5, and there is a gap between the inner side wall of the outer Dewar 6 and the outer side wall of the cold screen 5. The outer Dewar 6 is used to further limit the heat conduction between the superconducting magnet and the outside world, so as to ensure the working temperature of the superconducting coil 1 .

The outer Dewar 6 is provided with a third installation groove corresponding to the position of the first installation groove 8 and a fourth installation groove corresponding to the position of the second installation groove 9, which are respectively used for installing the main support column 3 and the auxiliary support column 4 . The first mounting groove 8 and the second mounting groove 9 are located on the inner wall of the front side of the outer Dewar 6 .

As shown in FIG. 4 , the main support column 3 includes a double cone support 301 and a first metal fixing part 302 . The double cone support 301 is the main load-bearing component, and the first metal fixing parts 302 are located at both ends of the double cone support 301 for fixing the double cone support 301 .

The double cone support 301 is made of TC4 titanium alloy, and the first metal fixing part 302 is made of stainless steel, which can further improve the mechanical properties of the main support column 3 .

As shown in FIG. 5 , the double-cone support 301 is an integrated structure composed of two conical apexes facing each other, and the middle part of the double-cone support is transitioned by an arc. The double-cone support 301 is a hollow structure, which can extend the heat conduction path and reduce part of the conduction heat leakage.

The cone angle θ at both ends of the double cone support 301 is 35°-55°, which can make the axial and transverse rigidity of the double cone support 301 balanced.

The bottom surface radii at both ends of the double cone support 301 are different, the radius _R1 of the bottom surface of the cone connected to the side of the inner Dewar 2 is larger, and the radius _R2 of the bottom surface of the cone connected to the side of the outer Dewar 6 is smaller.

When the main support column 3 bears the load, the middle part of the double-cone support 301 bears greater stress, and the stress at both ends is smaller. Therefore, the thickness d ₂ of the wall in the middle of the biconical support 301 is thicker, and the thickness d ₁ of the walls at both ends is thinner.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the first metal fixing parts 302 at both ends of the main support column 3 are respectively fixed in the first installation groove 8 and the third installation groove, and penetrate through the first installation through hole on the cold shield 5 .

The main support column 3 is provided with a first limit ring 303, the first limit ring 303 is connected and fixed with the outer wall of the cold screen 5, further fixes the main support column 3, and realizes the gap between the main support column 3 and the cold screen 5. thermal contact, reducing the conduction heat leakage of the main support column 3.

As shown in FIG. 7 , the auxiliary support column 4 includes a cylindrical support 401 and second metal fixing pieces 402 at both ends. The cylindrical support 401 serves as the main load-bearing component, and the second metal fixing parts 402 are located at both ends of the cylindrical support 401 to fix the cylindrical support 401 .

The second metal fixing parts 402 at both ends of the auxiliary support column 4 are respectively fixed in the second installation groove 9 and the fourth installation groove, while passing through the second installation through hole on the cold screen 5, and realize the connection with the second stop ring 403. The connection to the outer wall of the cold screen is fixed.

Since the auxiliary support column 4 only plays the role of assisting the main support column 3 to limit the inner Dewar, the cold screen, and the outer Dewar, the relative bearing capacity is relatively small. The cylindrical support 401 can be made of non-metallic material, such as carbon fiber material or glass fiber material, because its thermal conductivity is lower than that of titanium alloy, which can reduce the conduction heat leakage caused by the auxiliary support column 4 . The second metal fixing part 402 is made of stainless steel.

The working temperature of the superconducting coil 1 is set at 4.2-30K, and the working temperature of the cold screen is set at 77-100K.

When the actual application scene of the superconducting magnet requires high heat leakage, cooling grooves can be provided on the side walls of the double cone support 301 and the cylindrical support 401 to reduce the conduction heat leakage of the support device.

A connecting shaft made of high-strength non-magnetic material can be passed through one side of the main support column 3, through which the connecting shaft is connected with the bogie of the maglev train, so that the levitation force of the superconducting coil 1 can be lifted by the main support column 3. , propulsion, and guiding force are transmitted to the bogie to push the car body to move.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of connecting beams 7 can be provided on the interior Duva 2, and the number of connecting beams 7 can be set according to the actual weight and maximum acceleration of the designed train. A plurality of connecting beams 7 are evenly arranged along the inner side of the superconducting coil 1 , so that the distances between the connecting beams 7 are equal, so as to ensure that the superconducting magnet is evenly stressed.

In summary, the superconducting magnet cryogenic system of the high-temperature maglev train described in the embodiment of the present invention can reduce the heat leakage of the device while simplifying the structure of the cryogenic system, and at the same time effectively support the center and surrounding positions of the superconducting magnet coil 1 , to ensure the mechanical stability of the superconducting magnet, and to improve the anti-overload capability of the high-temperature superconducting magnet of the high-speed maglev train.

Claims (9)

1. A superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains, characterized in that the superconducting magnet cryogenic system includes an inner Dewar (2), a cold screen (5), and an outer Dewar (6) , the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4); the cold screen (5) is set outside the inner Duva (2), and the outer wall of the inner Duva (2) and the inner wall of the cold screen (5) There is a gap between them; the outer Dewar (6) is set on the outside of the cold screen (5), and there is a gap between the outer wall of the cold screen (5) and the inner wall of the outer Dewar (6); the main support column (3) and The auxiliary supporting columns (4) are all installed between the inner Dewar (2) and the outer Dewar (6), and are located on the outside of the inner Dewar (2) and the inner side of the Outer Dewar (6); The superconducting magnet cryogenic system is an eccentric structure, and the main support column (3), the gap between the inner Dewar (2) on the side of the auxiliary support column (4) and the cold shield (5), and the cold shield The gap between (5) and the outer Dewar (6) is relatively large, and there is no gap between the inner Dewar (2) on the side of the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4) and the cold screen (5) The gap, and the gap between the cold screen (5) and the outer Dewar (6) is small; The main support column (3) adopts a double-cone structure and is designed in an integrated manner; the vertices of the two cones are opposite and placed horizontally; the bottom of the cone is the first metal fixing part (302), which is located At both ends, the middle part of the double cone support (301) is transitioned by a circular arc; the double cone support (301) is made of titanium alloy, and the first metal fixing part (302) is made of stainless steel; The two cone angles θ of the double-cone support (301) are 35°~55°; the two ends of the double-cone support structure, that is, the bottom surfaces of the two cones have different radii, and are connected to one side of the inner Dewar (2). The radius R ₁ of the cone bottom is relatively large, and the radius R ₂ of the cone bottom connecting the side of the outer Dewar (6) is relatively small; the double cone support (301) is a hollow structure, and the walls at the middle of the two cones are relatively thick , the walls at both ends are thinner; the double cone support (301) is made of titanium alloy; The first metal fixing parts (302) at both ends of the main support column (3) are respectively fixed in the first installation groove (8) and the third installation groove, and pass through the first installation through hole on the cold screen (5); The auxiliary supporting column (4) includes a cylindrical support (401) and a second metal fixing piece (402) at both ends; the second metal fixing pieces (402) at both ends are respectively fixed in the second installation groove (9) and the fourth installation groove In the groove, it runs through the second installation through hole on the cold screen (5) at the same time, and realizes the connection and fixation with the outer wall of the cold screen through the second limit ring (403); the cylinder support (401) is made of non-metallic material, The second metal fixing part (402) is made of stainless steel. 2. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4) are installed in the inner Dewar (2 ) on the outer wall of the front side, the main support column (3) is installed at the center of the inner Duva (2), and the auxiliary support columns (4) are installed at the four corners of the inner Duva (2); the main support column (3) ) and the auxiliary support column (4) work together to prevent the vibration of the inner Dewar (2), the cold screen (5) and the outer Dewar (6). 3. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner Duva (2) includes at least one connecting beam (7), and the connecting beam (7) is located at The center of the superconducting coil (1), the two ends of the connecting beam (7) are connected with the inner side of the superconducting coil (1); the connecting beam (7) is a hollow structure; the center of the connecting beam (7) is provided with a first installation Slots (8) for installing the main support columns (3); four second installation slots (9) are provided at the four corners of the inner Duva (2) for installing auxiliary support columns (4); the first installation slots (8) and the second installation groove (9) are located on the outer wall of the front side of the inner Dewar (2). 4. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, the cold shields (5) are respectively provided with the first installation slot corresponding to the first An installation through hole, and a second installation through hole corresponding to the position of the second installation groove; the first installation through hole is located at the center of the cold screen, and the second installation through holes are distributed at the four corners of the cold screen , the first installation through hole and the second installation through hole are located on the side with the main support column (3) and the auxiliary support column (4); A cooling tube is installed on the surface of the cold screen (5), and helium vapor or liquid nitrogen is passed through the tube to cool the cold screen (5) and the first stop ring (303) installed on the main support column (3) And the second limit ring (403) on the auxiliary support column (4). 5. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner wall of the outer Dewar (6) facing the side of the main support column (3) A third installation groove corresponding to the position of the first installation groove and a fourth installation groove corresponding to the position of the second installation groove are respectively provided; the third installation groove is located at the center of the outer Dewar position, the fourth installation groove is distributed in the four corners of the outer Dewar, the third installation groove and the fourth installation groove are located side. 6. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 3, characterized in that, the main support column (3) is installed at the center of the outer wall of the connecting beam (7), One end of the main support column (3) is connected to the inner Dewar (2), and the other end is connected to the outer Dewar (6); the main support column (3) is fixed through the first installation groove and the third installation groove, and runs through the first installation through hole . 7. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, the auxiliary support column (4) and the main support column (3 ) are located on the same side of the superconducting coil (1), and are installed around the outer wall of the inner Dewar (2); one end of the auxiliary support column (4) is connected to the inner Dewar (2), and the other end is connected to The outer Dewar (6); the auxiliary support column (4) is fixed through the second installation groove and the fourth installation groove, and runs through the second installation through hole. 8. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains as claimed in claim 3, wherein the outer Dewar (6) is made of stainless steel, and the working temperature is 300K; the superconducting coil The working temperature of (1) is 4.2-30K; the cold screen (5) is made of aluminum alloy material, and the working temperature is 77-100K; the inner Duva (2) is made of stainless steel material. 9. The superconducting magnet cryogenic system for high-temperature superconducting maglev trains according to claim 1, characterized in that, the inner Dewar (2) is provided with a plurality of connecting beams (7), and the connecting beams (7) The quantity is set according to the actual weight and maximum acceleration of the train; multiple connecting beams (7) are evenly arranged along the inner side of the superconducting coil (1), and the distances between the connecting beams (7) are equal.

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