CN113210462A - Method and device for monitoring working abnormity of pipe expander - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring working abnormity of pipe expander Download PDFInfo
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- CN113210462A CN113210462A CN202110574348.1A CN202110574348A CN113210462A CN 113210462 A CN113210462 A CN 113210462A CN 202110574348 A CN202110574348 A CN 202110574348A CN 113210462 A CN113210462 A CN 113210462A
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- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 206010000372 Accident at work Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C51/00—Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
- B21D39/08—Tube expanders
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for monitoring the working abnormity of a pipe expander. The invention comprises the following steps: determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal. The invention solves the technical problem that the pipe expander accidents are frequently caused by the fact that the abnormal work of the pipe expander cannot be found in time in the related technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pipe expanders, in particular to a method and a device for monitoring working abnormity of a pipe expander.
Background
The air conditioner heat exchanger tube expander has the main function of expanding and forming the tube fin type heat exchanger, so that the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the heat exchange tube are simultaneously enlarged, and good heat conduction is formed by clinging to the fins.
In the related technology, with the application of the robot technology, the pipe expanding equipment gradually realizes automatic feeding, discharging and automatic pipe expanding, and the whole processing process of the automatic pipe expanding needs to be sequentially monitored by feeding position detection, clamping jaw clamping U-shaped heat exchange pipe position detection, tool conveying and position detection, expansion rod movement and interference (pipe beating) detection, expansion pipe power motor load (frequency converter abnormity) detection, rotating platform position detection, follow-up flaring synchronous motor position monitoring, position abnormity monitoring of a loosening clamping cylinder, a feeding robot clamping proximity switch, a discharging robot clamping proximity switch and the like.
If the monitoring is not done, accidents such as workpiece expansion and damage, workpiece falling and equipment damage and the like are easy to happen in the automatic operation process of the equipment.
In view of the above problems in the related art, no effective solution has been proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method and a device for monitoring the working abnormity of a pipe expander, and aims to solve the technical problem that the pipe expander accidents are frequent due to the fact that the working abnormity of the pipe expander cannot be found in time in the related technology.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of monitoring an operational abnormality of a pipe expander, the pipe expander including a switching circuit, a monitoring circuit, and a control circuit, the control circuit including a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, the invention comprising: determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
Further, the control circuit includes green, yellow and red indicator lights and a buzzer alarm, and before determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs, the method includes: controlling a first input end to input a high level, wherein the first input end is connected with an automatic monitoring mode button; controlling a second input end to input a low level, wherein the second input end is connected with a tuning monitoring mode button; controlling the control circuit to start; and controlling the first output end to output high level to control the green indicating lamp to be lightened.
Further, determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs includes: monitoring the level of a plurality of input ends, wherein the plurality of input ends comprise at least one first class input end and at least one second class input end; if the first-class input end with the input low level exists in the at least one first-class input end, determining the first-class input end with the input low level as a fault input end; and if the second class input end with the input high level exists in the at least one second class input end, determining the second class input end with the input high level as a fault input end.
Further, if the fault input is included, determining that the pipe expander is faulty comprises: when the third input end is a fault input end, determining that the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place, wherein when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally, the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place; when the fourth input end is a fault input end, determining that the fault that the rotating table of the pipe expander is not in place occurs; when the fifth input end is a fault input end, determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal; when the sixth input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal; when the seventh input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released; and when the eighth input end is a fault input end, determining that the protection door of the pipe expander is abnormal.
Further, when a fault is determined, controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and send a monitoring abnormal signal comprises: and when the pipe expander is determined to have a fault, controlling the first output end to output a high level, wherein under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, controlling and monitoring the abnormal signal to send and controlling the red indicator lamp to light.
Further, controlling the electric tube expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal comprises: under the condition that the first output end outputs high level, a third output end and a fourth output point are controlled to simultaneously output high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the third output end is connected with a coil of the first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of the second relay; when the third output end outputs a high level, the first relay is disconnected; when the fourth output end outputs a high level, the second relay is disconnected, wherein the pipe expander stops under the condition that the first relay is disconnected, and the transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is disconnected.
Further, in the case that the control circuit is started, after controlling the first output end to output a high level to control the green indicator light to be turned on, the method comprises the following steps: monitoring the level input by the first input end and the second input end; when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be high level, controlling the first output end to output low level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is low level; controlling the second output end to output a high level; the yellow indicator lamp is controlled to be lightened, and the buzzer alarm continuously and automatically alarms.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for monitoring an operational abnormality of a pipe expander, the pipe expander including a switching circuit, a monitoring circuit, and a control circuit, the control circuit including a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, the apparatus comprising: a first determination unit for determining whether there is a faulty input terminal at the plurality of input terminals; the second determining unit is used for determining the structure of the pipe expander with the fault under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one by one; the first control unit is used for controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to be lightened and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and the second control unit is used for controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, and the computer-readable storage medium includes a stored program, where the program is executed to control an apparatus where the computer-readable storage medium is located to execute the above method for monitoring the pipe expander working abnormity.
In order to achieve the above object, according to another aspect of the present invention, a processor is provided, where the processor is configured to execute a program, where the program executes the above method for monitoring the operation abnormality of the pipe expander when running.
The invention adopts the following steps: determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; according to the monitoring abnormal signal, the tube expander is controlled to stop, the technical problem that the tube expander accidents are frequent due to the fact that the tube expander working abnormity cannot be found in time in the related technology is solved, and the technical effect of efficiently monitoring the tube expander working is achieved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring an operational anomaly of a pipe expander according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic electrical circuit diagram of a pipe expander provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring an operational anomaly of a pipe expander, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances in order to facilitate the description of the embodiments of the invention herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
According to the embodiment of the invention, a method for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander is provided.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for monitoring an operational anomaly of a pipe expander according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a pipe expander, which includes a switching circuit, a monitoring circuit and a control circuit, wherein the control circuit includes a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals.
The invention comprises the following steps:
step S101, determining whether a plurality of input ends have fault input ends;
step S102, determining a structure of the pipe expander with a fault under the condition that a fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one by one;
step S103, controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to be turned on and sending a monitoring abnormal signal;
and step S104, controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
Optionally, the control circuit comprises green, yellow and red indicator lights and a buzzer alarm, and before determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs, the method comprises: controlling a first input end to input a high level, wherein the first input end is connected with an automatic monitoring mode button; controlling a second input end to input a low level, wherein the second input end is connected with a tuning monitoring mode button; controlling the control circuit to start; and controlling the first output end to output high level to control the green indicating lamp to be lightened.
In the tube expansion equipment with automatic feeding, discharging and tube expansion, simple equipment serial connection cannot ensure automatic production. Therefore, the machined workpiece needs to be added and the working condition monitoring is carried out: the method comprises the following steps of sequentially carrying out feeding position detection, clamping jaw clamping U-shaped heat exchange tube position detection, tool conveying and position detection, expansion rod movement and interference (pipe beating) detection, expansion tube power motor load (frequency converter abnormity) detection, rotating table position detection, follow-up flaring synchronous motor position monitoring, unclamping clamping cylinder position abnormity monitoring, feeding robot clamping proximity switch, blanking robot clamping proximity switch and the like in the whole machining process of automatic expansion tubes. If the monitoring is not done, accidents such as workpiece expansion and damage, workpiece falling and equipment damage and the like are easy to happen in the automatic operation process of the equipment.
In the embodiment that this application provided, to automatic upper and lower, in the expand tube equipment of automatic expand tube, increase by processing work piece and operating mode control, ensure that accidents such as the bad work piece of equipment automatic operation in-process disappearance bloated, break the work piece, damage equipment.
In the embodiment provided by the application, as shown in fig. 2, the pipe expander includes a pipe expander monitoring system, the monitoring system includes a01 switch circuit, a02 monitoring circuit, and a 03PLC control circuit, where QS is an air switch, after the air switch is closed, the pipe expander device is started, and the pipe expander working condition monitoring system is synchronously powered.
Furthermore, a01 switching circuit is started in a current-limiting mode, a voltage-stabilizing capacitor is protected, a time relay KT is closed in a time-delay mode, the switching circuit works normally, and a +24V DC power supply is provided for a monitoring system.
The 02 monitoring circuit and the 03PLC control circuit are synchronously powered;
02 monitoring circuit, which is composed of 02-1 photoelectric switch emitting part; 02-2 on-line monitoring part;
wherein, the emission part of the 02-1 photoelectric switch comprises an emission end of a correlation type photoelectric switch: k01, K02;
wherein, 02-2 on-line monitoring part contains X0 automatic monitoring mode button (connect the break contact of accent machine monitoring mode button SB 2), X1 accent machine monitoring mode button (connect the make contact of accent machine monitoring mode button SB 2), X2 reset alarm button (connect alarm reset button SB3), X3, X4 connect the emitting terminal of correlation formula photoelectricity respectively: k01-2 and K02-2; x5 is connected with abnormal signals of a frequency converter of a main drive circuit of the tube expander; x6 is connected with a position signal (break contact) of the follow-up flaring device; the X7 is connected with a clamping cylinder position release signal (a dynamic contact is broken); x10 is connected with safety protection signals (break contact); 03 is PLC FX3U-32MT/ES-A (Mitsubishi) programmable controller, and the editor program realizes that output signals are controlled along with changes of input signals.
In the above, the X0-X10 included in the PLC corresponds to a plurality of input terminals while corresponding to different buttons, and when the input terminals input corresponding levels, the corresponding buttons are activated, and meanwhile, the PLC further includes a plurality of output terminals, which are Y0-Y10, and under different fault conditions, the output terminals correspondingly output different levels to light different indicator lights to prompt the fault.
The specific working flow of the pipe expander is as follows:
1) firstly, a QS air switch is closed, the pipe expander equipment is started, and a pipe expander working condition monitoring system is synchronously powered on. The time relay KT is switched on, the switching circuit works normally, and a +24V DC power supply is provided for the monitoring system.
2) Detecting PLC input end points X0, X1 and X2, if a movable contact of a dispatching monitoring mode button SB2 is not closed, a movable contact of the SB2 is conducted, a first input end of X0 is at a high level, a second input end of X1 is at a low level, a pipe expander working condition monitoring system is synchronously started, a high level is output by Y1 through a PLC program, a monitoring normal signal is sent, and an indicator light (a green light) is on;
and the control circuit of the tube expander detects whether a monitoring stop signal is received, and if the movable contact of the set adjusting monitoring mode button SB2 is closed and the movable contact of the SB2 is opened, the X0 is at a low level and the X1 is at a high level. Through a PLC program, Y1 outputs low level, and an indicator light (green light) is turned off; y2 outputs high level, an indicator light (yellow light) is on, Y2 outputs high level at the same time, and a buzzer continuously and automatically alarms;
it should be noted that, the monitoring system is manually shut down midway and enters a debugging mode, the monitoring system can light a yellow light and automatically buzz to alarm, and the monitoring system is prevented from being manually shut down to avoid quality supervision.
Optionally, determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs comprises: monitoring the level of a plurality of input ends, wherein the plurality of input ends comprise at least one first class input end and at least one second class input end; if the first-class input end with the input low level exists in the at least one first-class input end, determining the first-class input end with the input low level as a fault input end; and if the second class input end with the input high level exists in the at least one second class input end, determining the second class input end with the input high level as a fault input end.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, as shown in fig. 2, the input terminals of the PCL include two types, wherein the first type of input terminals are X0-X4 and X6-X10, the buttons corresponding to the first type of input terminals include the break contacts, and the second type of input terminals include X5, and the corresponding buttons do not include the break contacts.
When any one of the ends X0-X4, X6, X7 and X10 is detected to input a low level, the electric tube expander has faults corresponding to any one of the ends X0-X4 and X6-X10, and if the input of the low level X5 is detected, the electric tube expander has an abnormality of a frequency converter of a main driving circuit.
Optionally, if a fault input is included, determining that the pipe expander is faulty comprises: when the third input end is a fault input end, determining that the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place, wherein when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally, the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place; when the fourth input end is a fault input end, determining that the fault that the rotating table of the pipe expander is not in place occurs; when the fifth input end is a fault input end, determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal; when the sixth input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal; when the seventh input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released; and when the eighth input end is a fault input end, determining that the protection door of the pipe expander is abnormal.
Optionally, when determining that the fault occurs, controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and send a monitoring abnormal signal includes: and when the pipe expander is determined to have a fault, controlling the first output end to output a high level, wherein under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, controlling and monitoring the abnormal signal to send and controlling the red indicator lamp to light.
Optionally, controlling the shutdown of the pipe expander according to the monitoring abnormal signal comprises: under the condition that the first output end outputs high level, a third output end and a fourth output point are controlled to simultaneously output high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the third output end is connected with a coil of the first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of the second relay; when the third output end outputs a high level, the first relay is disconnected; when the fourth output end outputs a high level, the second relay is disconnected, wherein the pipe expander stops under the condition that the first relay is disconnected, and the transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is disconnected.
In the embodiment provided by the present application, the third input terminal corresponds to X3, the fourth input terminal corresponds to X4, the fifth input terminal corresponds to X5, the sixth input terminal corresponds to X6, the seventh input terminal corresponds to X7, and the eighth input terminal corresponds to X10.
Specifically, PLC inputs X3, X4 are detected. The monitoring system detects whether a monitoring abnormal signal is received, and if the X3 or the X4 inputs a low level. Then through the PLC program, Y0 outputs high level, sends out and monitors the abnormal signal, the pilot lamp (red light) lights; meanwhile, Y4 and Y5 simultaneously output high levels to send out a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, coils of KA01 and KA02 relays are electrified, the KA01 and KA02 relays are disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped, and the transmission chain stops moving;
it should be noted that when the X3 input is low, it indicates that the receiving end of the correlation photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives an abnormal signal, and at this time, it indicates that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw of the pipe expander are not in place.
The PLC input X5 is detected. The monitoring system detects whether a monitoring abnormal signal is received, if the X5 inputs a high level (the frequency converter of the tube expansion machine main driving circuit is abnormal), for the load condition of the power motor, the frequency converter signal is obtained to confirm whether the tube expansion is performed (the tube expansion machine main driving circuit is interfered with the heat exchange copper tube) to cause the copper tube to be expanded, wrinkled, inclined and the like. Then through the PLC program, Y0 outputs high level, sends out and monitors the abnormal signal, the pilot lamp (red light) lights; meanwhile, Y4 and Y5 simultaneously output high levels to send out a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, coils of KA01 and KA02 relays are electrified, the KA01 and KA02 relays are disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped, and the transmission chain stops moving;
the PLC input X6 is detected. The monitoring system detects whether a monitoring abnormal signal is received, if the X6 inputs a low level (a follow-up flaring device position signal (a break contact) is disconnected), the condition that the follow-up flaring motor position follows is met, and whether the flaring device is loosened or not, the flaring size deviation of the produced heat exchanger product is caused. Then through the PLC program, Y0 outputs high level, sends out and monitors the abnormal signal, the pilot lamp (red light) lights; meanwhile, Y4 and Y5 simultaneously output high levels to send out a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, coils of KA01 and KA02 relays are electrified, the KA01 and KA02 relays are disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped, and the transmission chain stops moving;
the PLC input X7 is detected. The monitoring system detects whether a monitoring abnormal signal is received, and if the X7 inputs a low level (a safety protection signal (a break contact) is disconnected), the monitoring system monitors whether the two processed components are clamped in place or not, and whether the clamp is loosened or not. Then through the PLC program, Y0 outputs high level, sends out and monitors the abnormal signal, the pilot lamp (red light) lights; meanwhile, Y4 and Y5 simultaneously output high levels to send out a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, coils of KA01 and KA02 relays are electrified, the KA01 and KA02 relays are disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped, and the transmission chain stops moving;
the PLC input X10 is detected. The monitoring system detects whether a monitoring abnormal signal is received, and if the X10 inputs a low level (a clamping cylinder position release signal (a break contact) is disconnected), the protection door is opened abnormally, and the abnormity such as safety industrial accidents can occur. Then through the PLC program, Y0 outputs high level, sends out and monitors the abnormal signal, the pilot lamp (red light) lights; and meanwhile, Y4 and Y5 simultaneously output high levels to send out a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the coils of the KA01 and KA02 relays are electrified, the KA01 and KA02 relays are disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped, and the transmission chain stops moving.
It should be noted that the PLC controller continuously circulates the above steps to realize the online quality fool-proof monitoring of the pipe expander.
Optionally, in a case where the control circuit is started, after controlling the first output terminal to output a high level to control the green indicator light to be turned on, the method includes: monitoring the level input by the first input end and the second input end; when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be high level, controlling the first output end to output low level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is low level; controlling the second output end to output a high level; the yellow indicator lamp is controlled to be lightened, and the buzzer alarm continuously and automatically alarms.
In the above, the control circuit monitors whether the monitoring stop signal is received, and if the closed contact of the tuning monitoring mode button SB2 is closed and the open contact of SB2 is opened, X0 is low and X1 is high. Through a PLC program, Y1 outputs low level, and an indicator light (green light) is turned off; y2 outputs high level, indicator light (yellow light) is on, Y2 outputs high level at the same time, the buzzer continuously and automatically alarms, wherein Y1 corresponds to the first output end, and Y2 corresponds to the second output end.
It should be noted that: in order to manually shut down the monitoring system in midway and enter a debugging mode, the monitoring system can light a yellow light and automatically buzz to alarm, and the condition that the monitoring system is manually shut down so as to avoid quality supervision is avoided.
The application still provides a pipe expander monitoring system, to the relevant position monitoring of pipe expander, the condition such as work piece monitoring and motor load, carries out real-time quality automatic monitoring, can report to the police at once and output control signal gives the pipe expander when having any anomaly, or trouble, controls the pipe expander and stops production immediately, include:
monitoring the working states of the receiving seat, such as opening and closing, the push rod loosening and the like, and whether the working states are normal or not;
monitoring whether a rotary workbench of the pipe expander is in a normal position, and determining whether pipe expanding operation can be started;
monitoring the load condition of a power motor, and acquiring signals through a frequency converter to confirm whether the expanded tube is expanded (interfered with a heat exchange copper tube) or not, so that the copper tube is expanded, wrinkled, inclined and the like;
monitoring the following condition of the position of a follow-up flaring motor, and judging whether the flaring device is loosened or not, and the flaring size deviation of the produced heat exchanger product is caused;
monitoring whether the two assemblies to be processed are clamped in place or not, and whether the clamp is loosened or not;
monitoring whether a protective door of the equipment is opened abnormally or not, and preventing safety industrial accidents;
the abnormal signals are logically judged, and alarm or shutdown is carried out, so that the normal equipment, production and quality can be guaranteed.
The method for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of determining whether a plurality of input ends have fault input ends; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; according to the monitoring abnormal signal, the tube expander is controlled to stop, the technical problem that the tube expander accidents are frequent due to the fact that the tube expander working abnormity cannot be found in time in the related technology is solved, and the technical effect of efficiently monitoring the tube expander working is achieved.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a device for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander, and it needs to be noted that the device for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander can be used for executing the method for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander provided by the embodiment of the invention. The following describes a device for monitoring the abnormal operation of the pipe expander, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring an operational anomaly of a pipe expander, according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 3, the pipe expander includes a switching circuit, a monitoring circuit and a control circuit, the control circuit includes a plurality of input terminals and a plurality of output terminals, the apparatus includes: a first determination unit 301 for determining whether there is a faulty input terminal at the plurality of input terminals; a second determining unit 302, configured to determine a structure of the pipe expander that has a fault when a fault input end exists, where the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one to one; the first control unit 303 is used for controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to be turned on and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and the second control unit 304 is used for controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
Optionally, the apparatus comprises: the third control unit is used for controlling the circuit to comprise a green indicator light, a yellow indicator light, a red indicator light and a buzzer alarm, controlling the first input end to input high level before determining whether the fault input ends exist in the plurality of input ends, and connecting the first input end with the automatic monitoring mode button; the fourth control unit is used for controlling the second input end to input low level, and the second input end is connected with the shunting monitoring mode button; the fifth control unit is used for controlling the control circuit to start; and the sixth control unit is used for controlling the first output end to output high level so as to control and light the green indicator lamp.
Optionally, the first determination unit includes: the monitoring subunit is used for monitoring the level input by a plurality of input ends, wherein the plurality of input ends comprise at least one first-class input end and at least one second-class input end; a first determining subunit, configured to determine, as a faulty input terminal, a first class input terminal to which a low level is input, in a case where the first class input terminal to which the low level is input exists in the at least one first class input terminal; and a second determining subunit, configured to determine, as the faulty input terminal, the second class input terminal to which the high level is input, in a case where there is a second class input terminal to which the high level is input, among the at least one second class input terminal.
Optionally, the second determination unit includes: the third determining subunit is used for determining that the receiving end of the correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander fails when the third input end is a failure input end; the fourth determining subunit is used for determining that the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw are not in place when the third input end is a fault input end, wherein the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw are not in place when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally; the fifth determining subunit is used for determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal when the fifth input end is a fault input end; the sixth determining subunit is used for determining that the position of the follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal when the sixth input end is a fault input end; the seventh determining subunit is used for determining that the position of the clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released when the seventh input end is a fault input end; and the eighth determining subunit is used for determining that the protective door of the pipe expander is abnormal when the eighth input end is a fault input end.
Optionally, the first control unit comprises: and the first control subunit is used for controlling the first output end to output a high level when the pipe expander is determined to have a fault, wherein the first control subunit controls the monitoring abnormal signal to be sent and controls the red indicator lamp to be lightened under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level.
Optionally, the second control unit comprises: the second control subunit is used for controlling a third output end and a fourth output point to simultaneously output high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander under the condition that the first output end outputs high level, wherein the third output end is connected with a coil of the first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of the second relay; the third control subunit is used for controlling the first relay to be switched off when the third output end outputs a high level; and the fourth control subunit is used for controlling the second relay to be switched off when the fourth output end outputs a high level, wherein the pipe expander stops under the condition that the first relay is switched off, and the transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is switched off.
Optionally, the apparatus comprises: the monitoring unit is used for monitoring the levels input by the first input end and the second input end after controlling the first output end to output high level to control the green indicator lamp to be lightened under the condition that the control circuit is started; the seventh control unit is used for controlling the first output end to output a low level when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be a low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be a high level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is the low level; the eighth control unit is used for controlling the second output end to output high level; and the ninth control unit is used for controlling the yellow indicator light to be lightened and the buzzer alarm to continuously and automatically alarm.
The monitoring device for the working abnormity of the pipe expander provided by the embodiment of the invention is used for determining whether fault input ends exist in a plurality of input ends or not through the first determining unit; the second determining unit is used for determining the structure of the pipe expander with the fault under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one by one; the first control unit is used for controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to be lightened and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; the second control unit is used for controlling the electric tube expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal, so that the technical problem that the electric tube expander accidents are frequently caused by the fact that the work abnormality of the electric tube expander cannot be found in time in the related technology is solved, and the technical effect of efficiently monitoring the work of the electric tube expander is achieved.
The monitoring device for the abnormal operation of the pipe expander comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the first determining unit and the like are stored in the memory as program units, and the processor executes the program units stored in the memory to realize corresponding functions.
The processor comprises a kernel, and the kernel calls the corresponding program unit from the memory. The inner core can be set to be one or more than one, and the technical problem that the pipe expander accidents are frequently caused by the fact that the working abnormity of the pipe expander cannot be found in time in the related technology is solved by adjusting the inner core parameters.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM), and the memory includes at least one memory chip.
The embodiment of the invention provides a storage medium, wherein a program is stored on the storage medium, and when the program is executed by a processor, the method for monitoring the working abnormity of the pipe expander is realized.
The embodiment of the invention provides a processor, which is used for running a program, wherein the monitoring method for the working abnormity of a pipe expander is executed when the program runs.
The embodiment of the invention provides equipment, which comprises a processor, a memory and a program which is stored on the memory and can run on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program and realizes the following steps: determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
Optionally, the control circuit comprises green, yellow and red indicator lights and a buzzer alarm, and before determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs, the method comprises: controlling a first input end to input a high level, wherein the first input end is connected with an automatic monitoring mode button; controlling a second input end to input a low level, wherein the second input end is connected with a tuning monitoring mode button; controlling the control circuit to start; and controlling the first output end to output high level to control the green indicating lamp to be lightened.
Optionally, determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs comprises: monitoring the level of a plurality of input ends, wherein the plurality of input ends comprise at least one first class input end and at least one second class input end; if the first-class input end with the input low level exists in the at least one first-class input end, determining the first-class input end with the input low level as a fault input end; and if the second class input end with the input high level exists in the at least one second class input end, determining the second class input end with the input high level as a fault input end.
Optionally, if a fault input is included, determining that the pipe expander is faulty comprises: when the third input end is a fault input end, determining that the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place, wherein when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally, the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place; when the fourth input end is a fault input end, determining that the fault that the rotating table of the pipe expander is not in place occurs; when the fifth input end is a fault input end, determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal; when the sixth input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal; when the seventh input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released; and when the eighth input end is a fault input end, determining that the protection door of the pipe expander is abnormal.
Optionally, when determining that the fault occurs, controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and send a monitoring abnormal signal includes: and when the pipe expander is determined to have a fault, controlling the first output end to output a high level, wherein under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, controlling and monitoring the abnormal signal to send and controlling the red indicator lamp to light.
Optionally, controlling the shutdown of the pipe expander according to the monitoring abnormal signal comprises: under the condition that the first output end outputs high level, a third output end and a fourth output point are controlled to simultaneously output high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the third output end is connected with a coil of the first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of the second relay; when the third output end outputs a high level, the first relay is disconnected; when the fourth output end outputs a high level, the second relay is disconnected, wherein the pipe expander stops under the condition that the first relay is disconnected, and the transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is disconnected.
Optionally, in a case where the control circuit is started, after controlling the first output terminal to output a high level to control the green indicator light to be turned on, the method includes: monitoring the level input by the first input end and the second input end; when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be high level, controlling the first output end to output low level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is low level; controlling the second output end to output a high level; the yellow indicator lamp is controlled to be lightened, and the buzzer alarm continuously and automatically alarms. The device herein may be a server, a PC, a PAD, a mobile phone, etc.
The invention also provides a computer program product adapted to perform a program for initializing the following method steps when executed on a data processing device: determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs; determining the structure of the pipe expander with faults under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the faults of the pipe expander one to one; controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal; and controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
Optionally, the control circuit comprises green, yellow and red indicator lights and a buzzer alarm, and before determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs, the method comprises: controlling a first input end to input a high level, wherein the first input end is connected with an automatic monitoring mode button; controlling a second input end to input a low level, wherein the second input end is connected with a tuning monitoring mode button; controlling the control circuit to start; and controlling the first output end to output high level to control the green indicating lamp to be lightened.
Optionally, determining whether a faulty input exists at the plurality of inputs comprises: monitoring the level of a plurality of input ends, wherein the plurality of input ends comprise at least one first class input end and at least one second class input end; if the first-class input end with the input low level exists in the at least one first-class input end, determining the first-class input end with the input low level as a fault input end; and if the second class input end with the input high level exists in the at least one second class input end, determining the second class input end with the input high level as a fault input end.
Optionally, if a fault input is included, determining that the pipe expander is faulty comprises: when the third input end is a fault input end, determining that the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place, wherein when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally, the pipe expander has a fault that the opening and closing of the clamping jaw is not in place; when the fourth input end is a fault input end, determining that the fault that the rotating table of the pipe expander is not in place occurs; when the fifth input end is a fault input end, determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal; when the sixth input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal; when the seventh input end is a fault input end, determining that the position of a clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released; and when the eighth input end is a fault input end, determining that the protection door of the pipe expander is abnormal.
Optionally, when determining that the fault occurs, controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and send a monitoring abnormal signal includes: and when the pipe expander is determined to have a fault, controlling the first output end to output a high level, wherein under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, controlling and monitoring the abnormal signal to send and controlling the red indicator lamp to light.
Optionally, controlling the shutdown of the pipe expander according to the monitoring abnormal signal comprises: under the condition that the first output end outputs high level, a third output end and a fourth output point are controlled to simultaneously output high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the third output end is connected with a coil of the first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of the second relay; when the third output end outputs a high level, the first relay is disconnected; when the fourth output end outputs a high level, the second relay is disconnected, wherein the pipe expander stops under the condition that the first relay is disconnected, and the transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is disconnected.
Optionally, in a case where the control circuit is started, after controlling the first output terminal to output a high level to control the green indicator light to be turned on, the method includes: monitoring the level input by the first input end and the second input end; when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be high level, controlling the first output end to output low level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is low level; controlling the second output end to output a high level; the yellow indicator lamp is controlled to be lightened, and the buzzer alarm continuously and automatically alarms.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). The memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.
Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The above are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of monitoring operational anomalies of a pipe expander, the pipe expander comprising a switching circuit, a monitoring circuit, and a control circuit, the control circuit comprising a plurality of inputs and a plurality of outputs, the method comprising:
determining whether a faulty input exists at a plurality of said inputs;
determining a structure of the pipe expander with a fault when the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one by one;
controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to light and sending a monitoring abnormal signal;
and controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the control circuit includes green, yellow and red indicators and a buzzer alarm, and wherein prior to determining whether a faulty input is present at a plurality of the inputs, the method includes:
controlling a first input end to input a high level, wherein the first input end is connected with an automatic monitoring mode button;
controlling a second input end to input a low level, wherein the second input end is connected with a tuning monitoring mode button;
controlling the control circuit to start;
and controlling the first output end to output the high level to control the green indicator lamp to be lightened.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether a faulty input exists for a plurality of the inputs comprises:
monitoring the level of a plurality of input terminals, wherein the plurality of input terminals comprise at least one first type input terminal and at least one second type input terminal;
determining the first class input terminal inputting a low level as the fault input terminal if the first class input terminal inputting the low level exists in at least one first class input terminal;
and if the second class input end with high level is input in at least one second class input end, determining the second class input end with high level as the fault input end.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the pipe expander is malfunctioning if the fault input is included comprises:
when the third input end is the fault input end, determining that the fault that the clamping jaw is not in place to be opened and closed occurs in the pipe expander, wherein when a receiving end of a correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly of the pipe expander receives signals abnormally, the fault that the clamping jaw is not in place to be opened and closed occurs in the pipe expander;
the signal receiving of the receiving end of the correlation type photoelectric monitoring assembly is abnormal, wherein the signal receiving is abnormal;
when the fourth input end is the fault input end, determining that the fault that the rotating table of the pipe expander is not in place occurs;
when the fifth input end is the fault input end, determining that the frequency converter of the main driving circuit of the tube expander is abnormal;
when the sixth input end is the fault input end, determining that the position of a follow-up expander of the pipe expander is abnormal;
when the seventh input end is the fault input end, determining that the position of a clamping cylinder of the pipe expander is released;
and when the eighth input end is the fault input end, determining that the protection door of the pipe expander is abnormal.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein controlling a red indicator light in the control circuit to illuminate and send a monitor exception signal upon determining the fault comprises:
and when the fault of the pipe expander is determined, controlling a first output end to output a high level, wherein under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, the monitoring abnormal signal is controlled to be sent, and the red indicator light is controlled to be turned on.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein controlling the expander to shutdown in response to the monitor anomaly signal comprises:
under the condition that the first output end outputs the high level, a third output end and a fourth output point are controlled to simultaneously output the high level and send a shutdown signal of the pipe expander, the third output end is connected with a coil of a first relay, and the fourth output end is connected with a coil of a second relay;
when the third output end outputs the high level, the first relay is switched off;
when the fourth output end outputs the high level, the second relay is disconnected, the pipe expander is stopped under the condition that the first relay is disconnected, and a transmission chain of the pipe expander stops moving under the condition that the second relay is disconnected.
7. The method of claim 2, wherein after controlling the first output terminal to output the high level to control the green indicator light to be turned on in the case that the control circuit is activated, the method comprises:
monitoring the level input by the first input end and the second input end;
when the level input by the first input end is monitored to be the low level and the level input by the second input end is monitored to be the high level, controlling the first output end to output the low level, and controlling the green indicator lamp to be turned off under the condition that the level output by the first output end is the low level;
controlling a second output end to output the high level;
and controlling the yellow indicator light to be lightened and controlling the buzzer alarm to continuously and automatically alarm.
8. The utility model provides a monitoring devices of electric tube expander unusual operation which characterized in that, electric tube expander includes switch circuit, monitoring circuit and control circuit, control circuit includes a plurality of inputs and a plurality of output, the device includes:
a first determination unit configured to determine whether there is a faulty input terminal in the plurality of input terminals;
the second determining unit is used for determining a structure of the pipe expander with a fault under the condition that the fault input end exists, wherein the input end corresponds to the fault of the pipe expander one by one;
the first control unit is used for controlling a red indicator lamp in the control circuit to be lightened and sending a monitoring abnormal signal;
and the second control unit is used for controlling the pipe expander to stop according to the monitoring abnormal signal.
9. A computer-readable storage medium, comprising a stored program, wherein the program, when executed, controls an apparatus in which the computer-readable storage medium is located to perform the method for monitoring the pipe expander working abnormality according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A processor, characterised in that the processor is arranged to run a program, wherein the program is arranged to perform a method of monitoring for operational anomalies of a pipe expander as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 when the program is run.
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| CN113210462B (en) | 2023-02-17 |
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