CN113206318A - Cooling system and method for preventing heat spread of battery pack - Google Patents
Cooling system and method for preventing heat spread of battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN113206318A CN113206318A CN202110368990.4A CN202110368990A CN113206318A CN 113206318 A CN113206318 A CN 113206318A CN 202110368990 A CN202110368990 A CN 202110368990A CN 113206318 A CN113206318 A CN 113206318A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
本发明提供一种阻止电池包热蔓延的冷却系统和方法，包括：检测模块，用于采集热失控判定参数；判断模块，用于根据热失控判定参数判断电池包是否处于热失控状态，并在电池包处于热失控状态时，判定需要进入的冷却模式类型，并根据需要进入的冷却模式类型发出信号，冷却模式包括第一冷却模式、第二冷却模式和第三冷却模式；冷却模块，用于根据需要进入的冷却模式类型信号执行冷却操作。冷却模块包括慢冷子模块、载冷剂散热子模块和快冷子模块，慢冷子模块通过控制载冷剂流速对电池包进行冷却，载冷剂散热子模块通过控制空气流速调整载冷剂的温度。本发明能够增加乘客的逃生时间，且对空间要求低，能大幅度降低热失控保护方案需投入的成本。
The invention provides a cooling system and method for preventing the thermal spread of a battery pack, comprising: a detection module for collecting thermal runaway judgment parameters; a judgment module for judging whether the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state according to the thermal runaway judgment parameters; When the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state, it determines the type of cooling mode that needs to be entered, and sends a signal according to the type of cooling mode that needs to be entered. The cooling modes include the first cooling mode, the second cooling mode and the third cooling mode; the cooling module is used for The cooling operation is performed according to the cooling mode type signal that needs to be entered. The cooling module includes a slow cooling sub-module, a cooling medium cooling sub-module and a fast cooling sub-module. The slow cooling sub-module cools the battery pack by controlling the flow rate of the cooling medium, and the cooling medium cooling sub-module adjusts the cooling medium by controlling the flow rate of the air. temperature. The invention can increase the escape time of passengers, has low space requirements, and can greatly reduce the cost of the thermal runaway protection scheme.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery thermal management, in particular to a cooling system and a cooling method for preventing battery pack thermal spread.
Background
Thermal runaway refers to the phenomenon of overheating, ignition and explosion of a battery pack caused by an exothermic chain reaction and having a rapidly changing self-temperature rise rate. After the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state, in order to give passengers a certain escape time, technicians can design safety protection measures for the battery, and the common protection measures are as follows:
1. carry out thermal-insulated between electric core and module, use thermal insulation material in the battery package inside promptly, prevent the time that the inside heat of battery package spreads.
2. The fire extinguishing agent is used for spraying, namely, when a BMS (battery management system) sends out a thermal runaway alarm, the centralized cooling fire extinguishing is carried out on the position where the thermal runaway happens in the battery pack.
3. The design heat conduction exhaust pipe, that is to say, the heat conduction pipeline for exhaust smoke when the thermal runaway is added on the existing battery pack aims at leading out heat and smoke generated by the thermal runaway as soon as possible and relieving further thermal spread and explosion caused by overlarge pressure of the battery pack.
The disadvantages of the above-mentioned safeguards are as follows:
1. carry out between electric core and module heat-insulating technical scheme, the thermal insulation material that uses usually is aerogel etc. this scheme is limited to and keeps apart the position that takes place unusual heat after thermal runaway takes place, plays the effect of giving the passenger time of fleing, however whatever kind of thermal insulation material, it is limited to thermal isolation, this scheme does not relate to heat conduction, when thermal runaway is comparatively serious, for example when producing more heat respectively in a plurality of positions of battery package suddenly, the general rate can't prevent the big area thermal runaway of battery package.
2. The technical scheme of spraying by using the fire extinguishing agent has no mature case on passenger cars. In addition, the scheme relates to the action of directly introducing foreign objects to the thermal runaway position of the battery pack for contact, once the foreign objects are mistakenly sprayed, the normal use of a subsequent vehicle is influenced, and once the thermal runaway spread is caused by the spray leakage, the effect of providing sufficient escape time for passengers cannot be achieved.
3. The technical scheme of designing the heat conduction pipeline has high requirements on the design space of the battery pack and has extremely high cost. In addition, in some thermal runaway situations, the battery pack or the battery core parameters may be abnormal, but smoke and more heat are not generated yet, and the heat conduction and smoke exhaust pipe cannot well conduct heat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cooling system for preventing heat spread of a battery pack, which comprises:
the detection module is used for collecting thermal runaway judgment parameters;
the judging module is used for judging whether the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state according to the thermal runaway judging parameters, judging the type of a cooling mode needing to be entered when the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state, and sending a signal according to the type of the cooling mode needing to be entered, wherein the cooling mode comprises a first cooling mode, a second cooling mode and a third cooling mode;
and the cooling module is used for executing cooling operation according to the cooling mode type signal needing to be entered.
The cooling module comprises a slow cooling submodule, a secondary refrigerant heat dissipation submodule and a fast cooling submodule, the slow cooling submodule cools the battery pack by controlling the flow rate of the secondary refrigerant, the secondary refrigerant heat dissipation submodule adjusts the temperature of the secondary refrigerant by controlling the flow rate of air, the fast cooling submodule is powered by the battery pack, and the secondary refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerant;
in the first cooling mode, the slow cooling sub-module operates, in the second cooling mode, the slow cooling sub-module and the secondary refrigerant heat dissipation sub-module operate simultaneously, and in the third cooling mode, the fast cooling sub-module and the slow cooling sub-module operate.
Optionally, when the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state, the judging module sends a signal for entering a third cooling mode when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is in contact with the battery pack is not less than the switching temperature and the voltage of the battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold; and when the entering condition of the third cooling mode is not met and the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the heat dissipation starting temperature, judging to send a signal of the second cooling mode, otherwise, sending a signal of entering the first cooling mode.
Optionally, the detection module includes an ambient temperature detection unit, a battery temperature detection unit for detecting a temperature of the battery pack or the battery cell, and a voltage detection unit for detecting a voltage of the battery pack or the battery cell;
the judging module judges that the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state when the temperature of the battery pack or the battery core is greater than a temperature threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold and the temperature continuously rises for more than a first time; and/or
When voltage drop is generated on the voltage of the battery pack or the battery core, the percentage of a drop value in the initial voltage exceeds a percentage threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold, and the temperature continuously rises for more than a first time, the battery pack is judged to be in a thermal runaway state; and/or
And when the temperature difference between the single battery cell and the battery pack is not less than the temperature difference threshold value, judging that the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state.
Optionally, the cooling module comprises: the secondary refrigerant inlet temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack; the secondary refrigerant outlet temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of the secondary refrigerant after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack; the slow cooling submodule further comprises a secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit, and the secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit is used for controlling the flow rate of the secondary refrigerant.
Optionally, the determining module further includes a timing unit, the timing unit starts timing after the third cooling mode is operated, and the determining module sends a signal for exiting the third cooling mode after a preset time threshold is reached; or
After the judging module sends a signal of entering a third cooling mode, if the voltage drop of the battery pack or the battery core is 0, the judging module sends a signal of exiting the third cooling mode; or
After the judging module sends a signal for entering a third cooling mode, when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is lower than the switching temperature, the judging module sends a signal for exiting the third cooling mode; or
And after the judging module sends a signal of entering the third cooling mode, when the voltage of the battery pack is not greater than the preset voltage threshold value, the judging module sends a signal of exiting the third cooling mode.
The invention also provides a cooling method for preventing the heat spread of the battery pack, which comprises the following steps:
judging whether the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state or not according to the thermal runaway judgment parameter;
confirming that the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state;
judging whether a condition for entering a third cooling mode is met, if so, entering the third cooling mode, if not, judging whether the condition for entering a second cooling mode is met, if so, entering the second cooling mode, and if not, entering the first cooling mode, wherein in the first cooling mode, a slow cooling sub-module operates, in the second cooling mode, the slow cooling sub-module and a secondary refrigerant heat dissipation sub-module operate simultaneously, and in the third cooling mode, the fast cooling sub-module and the slow cooling sub-module operate;
the corresponding cooling operation is performed according to the entered cooling mode.
Alternatively, the step of determining whether the condition for entering the third cooling mode is satisfied includes:
and if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is not less than the switching temperature and the voltage of the battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, judging that the condition of entering a third cooling mode is met.
Alternatively, the step of determining whether the condition for entering the second cooling mode is satisfied includes:
and if the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the heat dissipation starting temperature, judging that the condition of entering a second cooling mode is met.
Optionally, the step of performing the corresponding cooling operation of the corresponding cooling mode may be followed by:
and if the third cooling mode is entered, exiting the third cooling mode when any one of the following conditions is met:
reaching a preset time threshold; or
The voltage drop of the battery pack or the battery cell is 0; or
The temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is lower than the switching temperature; or
The voltage of the battery pack is not greater than a preset voltage threshold.
Optionally, when the temperature of the battery pack or the battery core is greater than a temperature threshold, and the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold and the temperature continues to rise for more than a first time period, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; and/or
When voltage drop is generated on the battery pack or the battery core, the percentage of a drop value in the initial voltage exceeds a percentage threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold, and the temperature continuously rises for more than a first time, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; and/or
When the temperature difference between the single battery cell and the battery pack is not smaller than the temperature difference threshold, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by designing various cooling modes, strategies of entering and exiting corresponding modes are determined, so that heat conduction treatment can be effectively carried out on the battery pack when thermal runaway occurs, further occurrence of large-area thermal runaway is delayed, the escape time of passengers is prolonged, and damage to the battery pack can not be caused when misjudgment occurs. In addition, the invention has low space requirement corresponding to equipment, and relates to equipment which has simple structure and is convenient to maintain and can greatly reduce the cost required by the thermal runaway protection scheme.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the coolant flow in the first cooling mode or the second cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the coolant flow in a third cooling mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1-battery pack, 2-radiator, 3-water pump, 4-expansion pot, 5-fan, 6-three-way valve, 7-HVAC system, I-slow cooling loop.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present invention are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
The invention provides a cooling system for preventing thermal spread of a battery pack, which is used for slowing down the thermal spread speed of the battery pack in a thermal runaway state and providing sufficient escape time for passengers. As shown in FIG. 1, the cooling system includes a detection module, a determination module, a cooling module, and an energy supply module.
In the invention, the detection module is used for collecting the thermal runaway judgment parameters. In this embodiment, the thermal runaway determination parameter includes an ambient temperature, a battery temperature, and a voltage, and the detection module includes an ambient temperature detection unit, a battery temperature detection unit, and a voltage detection unit, where the ambient temperature detection unit is configured to detect an ambient temperature, the battery temperature detection unit is configured to detect a temperature of the battery pack or the battery core, and the voltage detection unit is configured to detect a voltage of the battery pack or the battery core. In this embodiment, the detection module includes a BMS slave board.
It should be noted that, the above-mentioned battery cell refers to a single battery cell constituting a battery pack, the battery cell is a minimum unit of a battery system, a plurality of battery cells can be combined to form a module, and a plurality of module combinations can form a battery pack. When a battery pack is described as being in a thermal runaway state, the thermal runaway state may be that a single or multiple battery cells in the battery pack are in the thermal runaway state, the thermal runaway state may also be that one or multiple modules in the battery pack are in the thermal runaway state, and the thermal runaway state may also be that all modules in the entire battery pack are in the thermal runaway state. If thermal runaway only happens in single electric core at first, then the very big probability of thermal runaway of single electric core can stretch to adjacent electric core, develops gradually to the module, causes the thermal runaway of whole battery package at last.
In the invention, the judging module has the following functions: the method is used for judging whether the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state or not according to the thermal runaway judging parameters, judging the type of the cooling mode needing to enter when the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state, and sending a signal according to the type of the cooling mode needing to enter. The cooling modes specifically include a first cooling mode, a second cooling mode, and a third cooling mode. In this embodiment, the determining module includes a BMS motherboard and a vehicle control unit, the BMS motherboard is configured to receive a thermal runaway determination parameter detected by the BMS board, determine whether the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state according to the thermal runaway determination parameter, transmit a determination result of whether the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state to the vehicle control unit, and the vehicle control unit determines whether to send a signal entering a corresponding cooling mode according to the determination result of whether the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state. Specifically, the logic for determining whether the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state is as follows:
if the temperature of the battery pack or the battery core is greater than the temperature threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than the rate threshold, and the temperature is continuously raised for more than a first time period, judging that the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; and/or
The voltage of the battery pack or the battery core generates voltage drop, the percentage of the drop value in the initial voltage exceeds a percentage threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold, and the temperature continuously rises for a time period exceeding a first time period, and the battery pack is judged to be in a thermal runaway state; and/or
And when the temperature difference between the single battery cell and the battery pack is not less than the temperature difference threshold value, judging that the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state.
In this embodiment, the temperature threshold is 80 ℃, the temperature difference threshold is 5 ℃, the rate threshold is 1 ℃/s, the first duration is 3s, and the percentage threshold is 25%.
In the step of determining the type of the cooling mode to be entered when the determining module determines that the battery pack is in the thermal runaway state, the specific determination logic is as follows: the judging module judges that a third cooling mode needs to be entered when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is not less than the switching temperature (such as 35 ℃) and the voltage of the battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold (such as 200V); and when the entering condition of the third cooling mode is not met and the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the heat dissipation starting temperature (such as 35 ℃), judging that the second cooling mode needs to be entered, otherwise, judging that the first cooling mode needs to be entered. After the judgment module sends the signal for entering the corresponding cooling mode, if the thermal runaway determination parameter meets any one of the following conditions, the judgment module sends the signal for exiting the corresponding cooling mode:
when the temperature of the battery pack or the battery core is not greater than the temperature threshold value, the temperature rise rate is smaller than the rate threshold value and the temperature does not continuously rise for more than the first time length, the judging module sends a signal for exiting the cooling mode; and/or
When the voltage of the battery pack or the battery cell stops decreasing and the time for stopping decreasing is not less than a second time (for example, 10s), the judging module sends a signal for exiting the cooling mode; and/or
The judging module sends a signal for exiting the cooling mode when the temperature difference between the single battery cell and the battery pack is smaller than the temperature difference threshold;
in this case, the cooling module receives a signal to exit the cooling mode and stops cooling the battery pack.
It should be noted that, since the cooling control of thermal runaway is related to the safety of passengers, in the above system, the automatic exit condition of the cooling mode may not be set, and the situation that the heat spread of the battery pack cannot be prevented in an extreme case is avoided. For example, under the condition of impact, the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state for the first time, the thermal runaway state is controlled under the action of the cooling system, the judgment module sends a signal for exiting from the corresponding cooling mode according to the thermal runaway judgment parameter, the judgment module is damaged immediately, the battery pack enters the thermal runaway state again at the moment, and the judgment module cannot send a signal for entering into the corresponding cooling mode.
In the present invention, the cooling module is used for receiving a signal of a type of a cooling mode to be entered to perform a cooling operation, or receiving a signal of exiting a corresponding cooling mode to stop the cooling operation. .
The cooling module comprises a main controller, a slow cooling submodule, a secondary refrigerant heat dissipation submodule and a fast cooling submodule.
The main controller is used for receiving a signal for entering a cooling mode, controlling sub-modules or units (such as a slow cooling sub-module, a secondary refrigerant cooling sub-module and a quick cooling sub-module) of the cooling module according to the signal, and performing cooling operation on the battery pack.
The slow cooling submodule performs a cooling operation on the battery pack by controlling the coolant. The slow cooling submodule comprises a secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit, and the secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit is used for controlling the flow rate of secondary refrigerant.
The secondary refrigerant heat dissipation submodule adjusts the temperature of the secondary refrigerant by controlling the air flow rate, the quick cooling submodule is powered by the battery pack, and the secondary refrigerant is cooled by the refrigerant.
Furthermore, the cooling module further comprises: the secondary refrigerant inlet temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack; and the secondary refrigerant outlet temperature detection unit is used for detecting the temperature of the secondary refrigerant after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack.
In a first cooling mode, the slow-cool sub-module is operational and the coolant thermal sub-module and the fast-cool sub-module are not operational, in a second cooling mode, the slow-cool sub-module and the coolant thermal sub-module are operational simultaneously and the fast-cool sub-module is not operational, and in a third cooling mode, the slow-cool sub-module and the fast-cool sub-module are operational and the coolant thermal sub-module is not operational. Note that, since the refrigerant is used, the cooling efficiency in the third cooling mode is higher than that in the first cooling mode and the second cooling mode.
As shown in fig. 2, in the present invention, the slow cooling sub-module performs a cooling operation by controlling the following devices to constitute a slow cooling circuit I: radiator 2, water pump 3 and expansion tank 4. A plurality of cooling pipes (not shown) are arranged around the battery pack 1, liquid secondary refrigerant is arranged in the cooling pipes, the cooling pipes lead to the radiator 2 from the battery pack 1, the outlet of the radiator 2 is divided into two branches, one branch leads to the inlet of the water pump 3, and the other branch leads to the inlet of the expansion water tank 4; at the outlet of the water pump 3, the cooling pipe leads to the battery pack 1, and at the outlet of the expansion tank 4, the cooling pipe leads to a cooling pipe communicating the outlet of the radiator 2 and the inlet of the water pump 3.
In this way, a cooling loop is formed among the battery pack 1, the radiator 2, the water pump 3 and the expansion water tank 4 through a plurality of cooling pipes. After getting into arbitrary cooling pattern, the coolant velocity of flow control unit control water pump 3 operation of the coolant of slow-cooling submodule, the coolant receives the water pump 3 drive, flow and pass through battery package 1 in the cooling tube, get into radiator 2 after taking away the heat that battery package 1 gived off through indirect heat transfer's mode, in radiator 2, the heat of coolant obtains giving off of certain degree, after the coolant leaves radiator 2, partial flow direction water pump 3, and send to battery package 1 by water pump 3, partial inflow expansion tank 4, flow out expansion tank 4 afterwards, flow direction water pump 3, so relapse. The expansion tank 4 serves to store and defoam the coolant that has absorbed excessive heat and has been expanded. In the process of repeated heat absorption and heat release, when the temperature of the secondary refrigerant reaches a certain value, the volume of the secondary refrigerant expands, part of the secondary refrigerant enters the expansion water tank 4 from the expansion water tank, bubbles generated due to high temperature are released in the expansion water tank 4, and then the secondary refrigerant is sent to the water pump 3 again. The cooling circuit formed by the battery pack 1, the radiator 2, the water pump 3 and the expansion water tank 4 is often used in a cooling system of an engine of a fuel automobile, and the detailed arrangement is not described again.
When the secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit controls the water pump 3 to operate, if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is higher than a first temperature, the secondary refrigerant flow rate control unit controls the flow rate of the secondary refrigerant to be a first flow rate;
if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is higher than the second temperature, the flow velocity of the secondary refrigerant is controlled to be the second flow velocity by the secondary refrigerant flow velocity control unit;
and if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is higher than the third temperature, the flow velocity of the secondary refrigerant is controlled to be a third flow velocity by the secondary refrigerant flow velocity control unit.
In this embodiment, the first temperature is 50 ℃, the second temperature is 60 ℃, the third temperature is 80 ℃, the second flow rate is at least 130% of the value of the first flow rate, and the third flow rate is at least 160% of the value of the second flow rate. In this embodiment, the first flow rate is 6L/min, the second flow rate is 8L/min, and the third flow rate is 10L/min.
In the present invention, the coolant running temperature may be detected by taking data at one point or by taking data at multiple points once. As described above, because the coolant is measured during the flowing process, and the obtained data has a certain error, it is necessary to measure multiple sets of data to obtain the highest value, so as to ensure the cooling efficiency of the cooling module. In this embodiment, the means for performing temperature detection is to take data many times at a time, and the specific settings of the temperature measurement position and the temperature measurement frequency are flexibly designed by those skilled in the art as needed, and are not described herein.
In the present invention, the coolant heat-sinking submodule acts to regulate the temperature of the coolant by controlling the electrical devices that regulate the flow rate of air. As shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the electrical device capable of adjusting the air flow rate is a fan 5, the fan 5 is installed on the back of the radiator, and after the second cooling mode is entered, the coolant cooling sub-module controls the fan 5 to operate, so as to dissipate heat from the radiator 2 by controlling the air flow rate, and accelerate the heat exchange of the coolant. Of course, the fan 5 may also be replaced by a fan.
When the secondary refrigerant heat dissipation submodule works, if the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the first conditional temperature, the electric device for adjusting the air flow rate operates at a first duty ratio;
if the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the second condition temperature, the electric device for adjusting the air flow rate operates at a second duty ratio;
and if the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the third condition temperature, the electric device for adjusting the air flow rate operates at a third duty ratio.
In this embodiment, the first condition temperature is 15 ℃, the second condition temperature is 20 ℃, the third condition temperature is 25 ℃, the first duty ratio is 33.3%, the second duty ratio is 66.7%, and the third duty ratio is 100%.
In the present invention, the fast cooling sub-module relies on the HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system 7 to perform the cooling operation, and shares the coolant, part of the piping and the water pump 3 with the slow cooling loop I. Since HVAC is a well established technology, the treatment of the coolant by the HVAC system 7 is only briefly described below.
In this embodiment, the HVAC system includes common HVAC components, such as a refrigerant, a compressor, and a chiller, to accomplish temperature regulation of the coolant. As shown in fig. 3, after entering the third cooling mode, the coolant circulates in the slow cooling circuit I, and the coolant leaves the battery pack 1 and passes through the radiator 2, and then branches to the HVAC system 7, in the HVAC system 7, the compressor compresses the coolant, and in the cooler, the coolant undergoes phase change to absorb heat, so as to cool the coolant, and after leaving the HVAC system 7, the coolant subjected to the cooling process flows to the battery pack 1 again under the action of the water pump 3, and so on.
In addition, the HVAC system 7 is connected to the expansion tank 4 and the radiator 2 for discharging condensed water generated by the phase change of the refrigerant.
It should be noted that the three-way valve 6 is installed at the first branch after the coolant leaves the battery pack 1, and when the coolant enters the first or second cooling mode, the branch to the HVAC system 7 can be in an open circuit state by adjusting the three-way valve 6, as shown in fig. 2, at this time, the coolant flows to the radiator 2; entering the third cooling mode, the bypass to the HVAC system 7 is opened by adjusting the three-way valve 6, as shown in fig. 3, with the coolant flowing partially to the radiator 2 and partially to the HVAC system 7.
It should be noted that, with the common circuit as described above, in the third cooling mode, the fast cooling sub-module and the slow cooling sub-module are actually operated simultaneously.
Alternatively, the HVAC system 7 may not share part of the coolant with the slow cooling circuit I, and part of the pipelines may not share the water pump 3, that is, the pipelines of the HVAC system and the slow cooling circuit I are independent of each other, and the coolant entering and exiting the HVAC system 7 and the coolant in the slow cooling circuit I are located in different pipelines. Thus, if one of the two previously shared line sections is damaged during a thermal runaway condition, the remaining line section can continue to operate.
Further, if the HVAC system 7 does not share part of the coolant, part of the piping, and the water pump 3 with the slow cooling circuit I, only the circuit in which the HAVC system 7 is located operates in the third cooling mode, and a fourth cooling mode in which the circuit in which the HAVC system 7 is located and the slow cooling circuit I operate simultaneously may be further provided.
In addition, it should be particularly noted that, an energy supply control module is further provided in the cooling system, and the energy supply control module includes an auxiliary power supply voltage detection unit, the auxiliary power supply voltage detection unit is used for detecting the voltage of an auxiliary power supply of the vehicle, and the auxiliary power supply of the vehicle is used for supplying energy to the equipment controlled by the slow cooling sub-module and the coolant heat dissipation sub-module.
Further, when the thermal runaway state is entered and the voltage of the auxiliary power supply is less than the preset voltage, the secondary refrigerant heat dissipation sub-module does not work.
The coolant heat-dissipation sub-module does not work, and the coolant heat-dissipation sub-module can be judged by a judgment method of the judgment module, for example, when the judgment module judges that the coolant heat-dissipation sub-module needs to enter the second cooling mode and the voltage of the vehicle auxiliary power supply is less than the preset voltage, the judgment module does not send a signal for entering the second cooling mode; when the cooling system is in the second cooling mode, if the voltage of the auxiliary power supply is less than the preset voltage, the judgment module sends a signal for exiting the second cooling mode, and then sends a signal for entering the first cooling mode, and the like, and similar settings can be flexibly designed by those skilled in the art according to needs.
In this embodiment, the vehicle auxiliary power supply is a lead-acid battery with a voltage of 12V, the preset voltage is 9V, when the voltage of the lead-acid battery is less than 9V, the coolant heat dissipation sub-module does not work, the lead-acid battery does not need to supply energy to the fan 5 controlled by the coolant heat dissipation sub-module, and only needs to supply energy to the equipment controlled by the slow-cooling sub-module, so that the equipment controlled by the slow-cooling sub-module can be ensured to run for a longer time, and the continuity of the running of the cooling system is ensured.
It should be noted that, unlike the above-described arrangements for controlling the slow-cool sub-module and the coolant radiator sub-module, in this embodiment, the components associated with the HVAC system 7, such as the refrigerant, compressor, and chiller, are powered by the battery pack. However, since the main body in the thermal runaway state is the battery pack, if the battery pack also supplies power to the HVAC system 7 in the thermal runaway state, for the sake of safety, the operation time of the HVAC system 7 needs to be restricted to a certain extent, and the switching condition of the relevant cooling mode is defined, which is specifically as follows:
the judging module further comprises a timing unit, the timing unit starts timing after the fast cooling sub-module runs, the judging module sends a signal of exiting the third cooling mode after a preset time threshold is reached, and whether the signal of entering the first cooling mode or the signal of entering the second cooling mode is sent is determined according to the thermal runaway judging parameter. In this embodiment, the preset time threshold is 20 min.
Or after the judgment module sends a signal of entering the third cooling mode, the voltage drop of the battery pack or the battery core is 0, the judgment module sends a signal of exiting the third cooling mode, and whether the signal of entering the first cooling mode or the signal of entering the second cooling mode is sent is determined according to the thermal runaway judgment parameter.
Or after the judging module sends a signal for entering the third cooling mode, if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is lower than the switching temperature, the judging module sends a signal for exiting the third cooling mode, and determines whether to send a signal for entering the first cooling mode or entering the second cooling mode according to the thermal runaway judging parameter.
Or after the judging module sends a signal for entering the third cooling mode, if the voltage of the battery pack is not greater than the preset voltage threshold, the judging module sends a signal for exiting the third cooling mode, and determines whether to send a signal for entering the first cooling mode or entering the second cooling mode according to the thermal runaway judging parameter.
Thus, after the judging module sends out the signal of entering the third cooling mode, the judging module sends out the signal of exiting the third cooling mode when any one of the following conditions is met:
reaching a preset time threshold; or the voltage drop of the battery pack or the battery cell is 0; or the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is less than the switching temperature; or the voltage of the battery pack is not greater than the preset voltage threshold.
After a signal of exiting the third cooling mode is sent, the judging module judges the type of the cooling mode needing to be entered in the two choices of the second cooling mode and the first cooling mode, and sends a signal according to the type of the cooling mode needing to be entered. Furthermore, the cooling system may further include a display module configured to receive a signal sent by the control module to enter the cooling mode, and display the signal according to the received information. The display content of the display module comprises a notice character that the vehicle enters the slow cooling mode, the display content cannot be cancelled, in addition, the display content further comprises a third time length representing safe time, and the countdown is started immediately after the third time length is displayed. The third time is safe time for passengers to escape, and the third time is not less than 5 min.
Further, the cooling system may further include a broadcasting module configured to receive a signal sent by the control module to enter the first cooling mode or the second cooling mode, and broadcast a preset voice content to the inside or the outside of the vehicle. The voice content includes information that the vehicle has entered a slow-cool mode.
In summary, the present invention also provides a cooling method for preventing heat spreading of a battery pack, including: judging whether the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state or not according to the thermal runaway judgment parameter;
confirming that the battery pack enters a thermal runaway state;
judging whether a condition for entering a third cooling mode is met, if so, entering the third cooling mode, if not, judging whether the condition for entering a second cooling mode is met, if so, entering the second cooling mode, and if not, entering the first cooling mode, wherein in the first cooling mode, a slow cooling sub-module operates, in the second cooling mode, the slow cooling sub-module and a secondary refrigerant heat dissipation sub-module operate simultaneously, and in the third cooling mode, the fast cooling sub-module and the slow cooling sub-module operate;
the corresponding cooling operation is performed according to the entered cooling mode.
Alternatively, the step of determining whether the condition for entering the third cooling mode is satisfied includes:
and if the temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is not less than the switching temperature and the voltage of the battery pack is greater than a preset voltage threshold value, judging that the condition of entering a third cooling mode is met.
Alternatively, the step of determining whether the condition for entering the second cooling mode is satisfied includes:
and if the temperature difference between the temperature before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack and the ambient temperature is not less than the heat dissipation starting temperature, judging that the condition of entering a second cooling mode is met.
Optionally, the step of performing the corresponding cooling operation of the corresponding cooling mode may be followed by:
and if the third cooling mode is entered, exiting the third cooling mode when any one of the following conditions is met:
reaching a preset time threshold; or
The voltage drop of the battery pack or the battery cell is 0; or
The temperature of the secondary refrigerant before or after the secondary refrigerant is contacted with the battery pack is lower than the switching temperature; or
The voltage of the battery pack is not greater than a preset voltage threshold.
Optionally, when the temperature of the battery pack or the battery core is greater than a temperature threshold, and the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold and the temperature continues to rise for more than a first time period, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; and/or
When voltage drop is generated on the battery pack or the battery core, the percentage of a drop value in the initial voltage exceeds a percentage threshold, the temperature rise rate is not less than a rate threshold, and the temperature continuously rises for more than a first time, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state; and/or
When the temperature difference between the single battery cell and the battery pack is not smaller than the temperature difference threshold, the battery pack is in a thermal runaway state.
In summary, the present invention provides a cooling system and a method for preventing thermal spreading of a battery pack, wherein multiple cooling modes are designed, and strategies for entering and exiting corresponding modes are defined, so that a thermal runaway can be effectively conducted on the battery pack when the thermal runaway occurs, further occurrence of large-area thermal runaway is delayed, the escape time of passengers is increased, and the battery pack is not damaged when misjudgment occurs. In addition, the invention has low space requirement corresponding to equipment, and relates to equipment which has simple structure and is convenient to maintain and can greatly reduce the cost required by the thermal runaway protection scheme.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
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| CN202110368990.4A CN113206318A (en) | 2021-04-06 | 2021-04-06 | Cooling system and method for preventing heat spread of battery pack |
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