Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a foamed copper potassium ion battery material and a preparation method thereof, which are used as secondary battery materials in the field of electrochemistry.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a foam copper potassium ion battery material comprises the following steps,
step 1, dissolving 0.02-0.08mol/L cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and oleic acid, uniformly stirring, and then adding 0.15-0.45g of thiourea to prepare a reaction solution;
and 2, putting the pretreated foam copper sheet into a reaction solution, heating the reaction solution to 120-150 ℃ for solvent thermal reaction, and after the reaction is finished, taking out the foam copper sheet, washing and drying to obtain the foam copper potassium ion battery material.
Preferably, in step 1, the stirring is magnetic stirring, and the stirring speed is 600-.
Preferably, in step 1, the volume ratio of the oleic acid to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 1: (4-6).
Preferably, in the step 2, the foam copper sheet is completely soaked in acetone and hydrochloric acid solution in sequence for ultrasonic treatment to obtain the pretreated foam copper sheet.
Further, in the step 2, the ultrasonic reaction time of the foam copper sheet in acetone and hydrochloric acid is not less than 30 min.
Further, in the step 2, the concentration of the hydrochloric acid is 2-3 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step 2, the solvothermal reaction time is 8-10 h.
Preferably, in the step 2, the foam copper sheet is washed and alternately cleaned by deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for not less than 3 times, and is dried in a vacuum drying oven at the constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 5-8 h.
Preferably, in the step 2, the reaction solution and the foam copper sheet are added into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and the hydrothermal reaction kettle is sealed and then reacts in a homogeneous phase reactor at a rotating speed of 6-10 r/min.
A foamed copper potassium ion battery material is prepared based on any one of the preparation methods.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of a foamed copper potassium ion battery material, which is used for preparing a cobalt sulfide/foamed copper composite electrode material by a simple one-step solvothermal method, is easy to achieve experimental conditions, is environment-friendly, does not need high-temperature calcination, avoids volume expansion of cobalt sulfide in the calcination process, and enables crystals to be regular and ordered in appearance, small in particle size and uniform in distribution. The invention uses the foam copper as a self-supporting body, has good conductivity and ductility, and is used as a battery negative electrode material, and the three-dimensional network structure of the foam copper substrate binds the electrode material in the battery negative electrode material, so that the stability of the electrode is maintained, and the cycle stability of the battery is improved. Meanwhile, the problem of volume expansion in the charging and discharging process can be relieved. In the process of preparing the electrode plate, the process of coating is omitted, no binder or conductive agent is needed, the process flow is reduced, and the cost is reduced.
Furthermore, the foam copper sheet is pretreated to remove oxides and impurities on the foam copper sheet, so that the impurities on the foam copper sheet are prevented from influencing the preparation process.
The prepared foamy copper potassium ion battery material has the advantages of uniform chemical composition, high purity and uniform appearance, and can show excellent electrochemical performance when being used as a potassium ion battery electrode material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
Example 1:
1) dissolving cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of 40mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 10mL of oleic acid, and performing magnetic stirring at a rotating speed of 600r/min to prepare a clear solution A, wherein the concentration of the cobalt sulfate is 0.02 mol/L;
2) adding 0.15g of thiourea into the solution A, and stirring at the same rotating speed to obtain a uniformly mixed solution B;
3) cutting the self-supporting substrate foam copper with the thickness of 1mm into foam copper sheets with the size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and sequentially and completely soaking the foam copper sheets in acetone and 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment for 30min to obtain pretreated foam copper sheets; the pretreatment is used for removing oxides and impurities on the foam copper and avoiding the impurities on the foam copper sheet from influencing the preparation process.
4) Transferring the solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, simultaneously putting a pretreated foam copper sheet, sealing, and carrying out a solvothermal reaction in a homogeneous reactor reaction instrument. Carrying out solvent thermal reaction for 8h at the rotating speed of 6r/min from room temperature to 120 ℃, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after the reaction is finished, and drying for 5h at the constant temperature of 60 ℃ in a vacuum drying oven.
The XRD pattern of the product of example 1 of the invention can be seen in FIG. 1, from which it can be seen that the cobalt sulphide product is Co4S3At the same time, part of the simple substances Cu and Cu2And S. This shows that during the reaction, part of the sulfur source reacts with Cu on the foamed copper substrate to generate a small amount of Cu2S, belonging to the normal phenomenon.
From fig. 2, the macroscopic morphology of the product prepared in example 1 of the present invention can be seen, and from the macroscopic morphology, it can be seen that cobalt sulfide uniformly grows on both sides of the copper foam, and the distribution is regular.
From fig. 3, it can be seen that the high power morphology of the product prepared in example 1 of the present invention is shown, and from the figure, it can be seen that the flaky cobalt sulfide is interlaced with each other, and forms a micron spherical structure with a certain porosity. The electrode material is convenient for the insertion and the separation of potassium ions in the charging and discharging process, and shortens the transmission path of the potassium ions, so that the electrode material has faster transmission dynamics, and the electrochemical performance of the electrode is improved.
From fig. 4, it can be seen that the cycle test chart of the product prepared in example 1 of the present invention as the negative electrode material of the potassium ion battery has a capacity of 395.5mAh/g after 100 cycles under a current density of 0.2A/g, and the product has excellent cycle stability and a high capacity in the same cobalt sulfide-based material.
Example 2:
1) dissolving cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of 43mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 9mL of oleic acid, and performing magnetic stirring at a rotation speed of 650r/min to prepare a clear solution A, wherein the concentration of the cobalt sulfate is 0.04 mol/L;
2) adding 0.2g of thiourea into the solution A, and stirring at the same rotating speed to obtain a uniformly mixed solution B;
3) cutting the self-supporting substrate foam copper with the thickness of 1mm into foam copper sheets with the size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and sequentially and completely soaking the foam copper sheets in acetone and 2.2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment for 40min to obtain pretreated foam copper sheets;
4) transferring the solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, simultaneously placing a pretreated foam copper sheet, sealing, heating from room temperature to 130 ℃ in a homogeneous phase reactor at a rotating speed of 7r/min for solvent thermal reaction for 8.5h, after the reaction is finished, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 6 h.
Example 3:
1) dissolving cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of 40mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 8mL of oleic acid, and performing magnetic stirring at the rotating speed of 700r/min to prepare a clear solution A, wherein the concentration of the cobalt sulfate is 0.05 mol/L;
2) adding 0.25g of thiourea into the solution A, and stirring at the same rotating speed to obtain a uniformly mixed solution B;
3) cutting the self-supporting substrate foam copper with the thickness of 1mm into foam copper sheets with the size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and sequentially and completely soaking the foam copper sheets in acetone and 2.5mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for respectively carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min to obtain pretreated foam copper sheets;
4) transferring the solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, simultaneously placing a pretreated foam copper sheet, sealing, carrying out solvent thermal reaction for 9h in a homogeneous phase reactor at the rotating speed of 8r/min from room temperature to 140 ℃, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol after the reaction is finished, and drying for 7h in a vacuum drying oven at the constant temperature of 60 ℃.
Example 4:
1) dissolving cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of 42mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 7mL of oleic acid, and performing magnetic stirring at a rotating speed of 750r/min to prepare a clear solution A, wherein the concentration of the cobalt sulfate is 0.06 mol/L;
2) adding 0.3g of thiourea into the solution A, and stirring at the same rotating speed to obtain a uniformly mixed solution B;
3) cutting the self-supporting substrate foam copper with the thickness of 1mm into foam copper sheets with the size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and sequentially and completely soaking the foam copper sheets in acetone and 2.8mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment for 60min to obtain pretreated foam copper sheets;
4) transferring the solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, simultaneously placing a pretreated foam copper sheet, sealing, heating from room temperature to 145 ℃ in a homogeneous phase reactor at a rotating speed of 9r/min for carrying out solvent thermal reaction for 9.5h, after the reaction is finished, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 7.5 h.
Example 5:
1) dissolving cobalt sulfate in a mixed solution of 36mL of absolute ethyl alcohol and 6mL of oleic acid, and performing magnetic stirring at the rotating speed of 800r/min to prepare a clear solution A, wherein the concentration of the cobalt sulfate is 0.08 mol/L;
2) adding 0.45g of thiourea into the solution A, and stirring at the same rotating speed to obtain a uniformly mixed solution B;
3) cutting the self-supporting substrate foam copper with the thickness of 1mm into foam copper sheets with the size of 3 multiplied by 3cm, and sequentially and completely soaking the foam copper sheets in acetone and 3mol/L hydrochloric acid solution for ultrasonic treatment for 70min to obtain pretreated foam copper sheets;
4) transferring the solution B into a hydrothermal reaction kettle, simultaneously placing a pretreated foam copper sheet, sealing, heating from room temperature to 150 ℃ in a homogeneous phase reactor at a rotating speed of 10r/min for solvent thermal reaction for 10h, after the reaction is finished, alternately cleaning the product for 3 times by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at a constant temperature of 60 ℃ for 8 h.